火试金重量法与原子吸收光谱（AAS）法测定砂金矿中金的含量

砂金矿中二氧化硅和金的含量较高,用传统的火试金重量法与火焰原子吸收光谱(AAS)法相结合测定砂金矿中的金含量,其结果较为精确。用科学的配料方法,调节好熔渣的硅酸度,得到品质更好的熔渣与铅扣。再通过二次补正收集分散在熔渣中的金,之后进行三次补正收集灰皿中残留的金含量,然后用AAS法测定三次补正得到的金银合粒与分金液中金的含量,从而得到更精确的结果。方法操作简便、适用性广、精密度与准确度较高。通过加标实验得出金的回收率在99.2%～100%,金的相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.24%～0.60%。     

灰皿材质对分析结果影响的研究

通过一系列实验数据、现象及其分析、推理,指出不同材质及配比的灰皿对铅扣中杂质元素的吸收能力及效果有所不同,从而使灰吹所得合粒的纯度产生差异,并最终导致对铅试金测银分析结果的较大影响,尤其是对含重金属元素及含银品位较高的铜、铅电解阳极泥样品.本文还通过有关实验对上述推论进行了验证,并提出用火试金重量法测定铜、铅电解阳极泥之银量时,建议使用骨灰水泥灰皿,补正方法采用二次试金以回收灰皿和熔渣中所损失的金、银来进行直接补正.     

铅试金富集-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定冰铜中的金、银、钯

冰铜的成分比较复杂,若酸溶后直接利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定贵金属的含量,杂质元素含量过高,干扰较为严重,导致结果偏差较大。为了准确地测定冰铜样品中的金、银、钯的含量,本试验首先用铅试金法在高温熔融状态下去除冰铜样品中的大部分杂质元素将贵金属富集到铅扣中,将铅扣灰吹除铅后得贵金属合粒,利用二次试金补正试验结果,用醋酸洗涤两次试金得到合粒后称量质量,合粒经硝酸溶解将金与其他元素分离,称量金粒质量,分金液中加入适量的盐酸溶液继续加热处理,然后采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪在选定的最佳仪器工作条件下测定分金液中的金、铅、铋、铜、钯的浓度,通过给定的公式计算得出冰铜样品中金、银、钯的含量。试验讨论了氧化铅用量、灰吹温度以及基体干扰对测定结果的影响,当氧化铅加入量为200g,灰吹温度为890℃时,试验效果最好,干扰试验表明,样品中银的含量高低均不会对Au、Pb、Bi、Cu和Pd的测定产生影响。试验结果表明,银加标回收率在97.7 %～100.4 %之间,金的加标回收率在98.6 %～102.2 %之间,钯的加标回收率在98.0%～101.6%之间。该方法操作简单,在测定冰铜样品中金、银、钯的含量均有很好的准确度和精密度,RSD值均在1.067 % ~ 3.290 %之间,可以满足实际检测的需求。     

硫酸分离–火试金重量法测定碲化铜中的金和银

建立了用硫酸分离-火试金重量法测定碲化铜中的金和银含量的方法。用硫酸溶解碲化铜样品,过滤,除去铜和碲,得到含金、银的沉淀物,沉淀物经灰化、配料、高温熔融制得铅扣。将铅扣灰吹,得到金银合粒,用硝酸溶解分离金,用重量法测定金含量。用金银合粒的质量扣除金粒的质量和分金液、洗液中杂质的质量即为银含量。采用灰皿、残渣熔融法补正,或用含碲、铜物料做基体加入纯金、纯银同试样方法测定,根据金、银的回收率加以补正,从而得到试样中的碲含量。实验结果表明,浓硫酸的加入量为30 mL,残余量应不少于15 mL。火试金中硅酸度为1左右,试样进炉温度以900℃为宜。该方法金、银测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.33%~1.97%,0.28%~1.27%(n=9)。金的回收率为98.5%~100.2%,银的回收率为95.5%~101.4%。该法满足生产控制检测和贸易结算的要求。     

氯化铵焙烧结合二苯硫脲泡塑富集-电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法测定锑金矿中的金

建立氯化铵焙烧结合二苯硫脲泡塑富集-电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法测定锑金矿中金的方法。使用泡塑分离富集锑金矿中的金,对影响测定结果准确度的因素进行了系统的分析,采取分两次加氯化铵焙烧试样、二苯硫脲泡塑分离富集金的方法处理样品,然后用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法测定金的含量。方法检出限为0.015μg/g,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.44%~2.65%(n=5),该法测定值与火法测定值基本吻合。该方法可用于各种含量的锑金矿石中金的测定,能够满足地质样品中金含量测定的技术要求。     

火试金法测定铜硫矿中的金和银量的研究

本文针对铜硫矿中铜含量较高的特性,建立了适合该试样的配料比、高温熔融,金、银与铅形成合金,利用其比重悬殊与熔渣分离,将铅扣灰吹得金、银合粒,用硝酸分金,用重量法测定金量,用容量法测定银量。方法的相对标准偏差0.66%到4.78%,加标回收率96.5%到100.6%。     

气相色谱法测定铸造用酚醛树脂粉中六次甲基四胺含量

以间-甲酚作为内标,建立毛细管气相色谱法测定铸造用酚醛树脂粉中六次甲基四胺的含量。色谱柱为DB–5石英毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm),采用FID检测器。用水溶解样品中的六次甲基四胺,经过滤分离后,在确定的色谱条件下进行测定。此方法测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.9%~2.1%(n=6),加标回收率在98.7%~100.2%之间,与HG/T 2755–1996方法测定结果比较,误差在±0.2%之内。该方法灵敏度和准确度均符合要求,方法可靠,可用于铸造用酚醛树脂粉中六次甲基四胺含量的测定。     

火试金-重量法测定铜硫矿中的金和银

针对铜硫矿中铜含量较高的特性,建立了适合该试样的配料比、高温熔融,金、银与铅形成合金,利用其比重悬殊与熔渣分离,将铅扣灰吹得金、银合粒,用硝酸分金,用重量法测定金量,用容量法测定银量。方法的相对标准偏差0.66%~4.8%,加标回收率96.5%~100.6%,方法准确度高、精密度好,可应用于生产及贸易结算中。     

火试金富集--自动电位滴定法测定粗碲中的银含量

粗碲是由铜、铅、锌冶炼带来的副产品,其中含有大量的金、银等贵金属。快速准确检测粗碲中银含量,具有十分重要的意义。样品预先采用硫酸溶解,还原沉淀金、银,过滤分离大部分的铋、硒、碲等元素,经配料、高温熔融,熔融态的金属铅捕集试料中的贵金属形成铅扣,试料的其他物质与熔剂生成易熔性熔渣。将铅扣灰吹,得金银合粒,清除合粒表面粘附的杂质,经硝酸分金,用硫氰酸钾滴定法测定银量。银的加标回收率在99.5%～101%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%。方法速度快,稳定性好,适用于粗碲中银含量的测定。     

火试金法测定铅冶炼渣中的金、银含量

建立了铅冶炼渣中的金银含量的测定方法,采用火试金法富集铅冶炼渣中的金、银,铅扣经灰吹后,形成金银合粒,合粒中除有金银外,还残留微量的铅铋杂质,合粒经硝酸分金后,实现金银分离,得到金粒和分金溶液。合粒中杂质保留在分金溶液中,分金溶液经酸处理,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定其中杂质量和微量的金量。金粒质量补正分金溶液中微量金量即为样品中的金量,合粒质量减去金粒质量和杂质量即为银量。ICP-OES法测定杂质解决了合粒中铅铋残留和分金失误造成微量金进入分金溶液现象。方法精密度较好,加标回收率分别为银98.6%～100%,金96.2%～102%。方法准确、方便、快捷,能很好地满足铅冶炼渣中金、银含量的测定。     

Determination of gold in gold ores

The gold content of placer gold flakes and gold bearing ores has been determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis /INAA/ and radiochemical neutron activation analysis /RNAA/. It was discovered that significant errors result in the instrumental method for gold flakes as small as 10 mg due to sample self-absorption of neutrons during irradiation. Reliable results were obtained, for both ore samples and gold flakes, by dissolving the samples in aqua regia prior to irradiation.     

A rapid fire-assay/atomic-absorption method for the determination of platinum, palladium and gold in ores and concentrates: A modification of the tin-collection scheme

The tin-collection scheme of fire-assaying has been simplified to permit the rapid and accurate determination of platinum, palladium and gold in ores and related materials. The presence of tellurium in the charge ensures that the precious metals remain insoluble during the parting of the tin button with hydrochloric acid. The residue is easily collected and dissolved and the resultant solution analysed for the precious metals by AAS. The accuracy of the method has been established by application to five diverse certified reference materials.     

A fire-assay and wet chemical method for the determination of palladium, platinum, gold, and silver in ores and concentrates

A method is presented for the determination of palladium, platinum, gold and silver in ores and concentrates by a fire-assay and wet chemical technique. After parting of the lead assay button with dilute nitric acid, and separation of the solution from the residue, the palladium and platinum in the solution are precipitated by the addition of stannous chloride, with tellurium as collector. The resulting precipitate is combined with the gold residue and dissolved in aqua regia, then the solution is analysed for palladium, platinum and gold by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Silver is determined in the original solution by AAS before the reduction step.     

标准溶液配制用碳酸锂纯物质中杂质含量的测定

从高纯碳酸锂中杂质含量测定出发,研讨了标准溶液配制用原料的杂质测定方法,首先利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法对高纯碳酸锂进行半定量分析,再依据半定量分析结果选择ICP-MS、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法、原子吸收光谱(AAS)法等方法对相应元素(杂质含量0.001%)进行定量分析,通过扣除杂质含量得出高纯碳酸锂纯度大于99.991%。从而建立了一个准确、高效,覆盖元素种类多的高纯物质中杂质含量的分析方法     

火试金减杂-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）法测定高冰镍的金、银、铂、钯含量

建立了火试金减杂-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测定高冰镍中金、银、铂、钯含量的分析方法。实验采用火试金富集、熔融、灰吹得到合粒,通过减杂法得到银含量,通过ICP-AES法测定得到金、铂、钯含量。金、银、铂、钯的加标回收率在99.53%-101.83%之间,相对标准偏差小于3%。此方法快速、简洁,准确度高、精密度好,能够满足高冰镍的测定需求。     

An abbreviated fire-assay atomic-absorption method for the determination of gold and silver in ores and concentrates

A simplified scheme, combining aspects of the classical fire-assay with an atomic-absorption finish, is presented for the determination of gold and silver in ores and concentrates. The lead assay button is scorified to approximately 2 g and then parted in nitric acid. The filtrate is analysed by AAS for silver; the residue is dissolved in aqua regia and subsequently analysed for gold by AAS. The precision and accuracy of the method have been established by application to four diverse certified reference materials. The proposed method eliminates the need for such time-consuming steps as inquartation, multiple scorifications, and cupellation.     

Cupel assay of gold by an activation method

The difficulties of determining gold in rocks and ores are due to two causes: low gold concentrations in rocks (Clark 1 to 4·10⁻⁷%), and non-uniform distribution of gold in ores. A method is proposed which is based on neutron activation of the lead alloy obtained by cupel melting in the procedure of determining gold by cupel assay. Samples of 50 to 100 g are used for cupel melting. Such large samples guarantee their representativeness. Discs of 2 to 3 g are cut from the lead alloy block and activated in a neutron flux of 10¹¹ to 10¹³ n·cm⁻² sec⁻¹. The gold content is determined from the photopeak of¹⁹⁸Au using a standard for comparison. The sensitivity of the method is 0.02 g/metric ton, its accuracy at a gold content in the order of 1.0 g/metric ton is 10% relative. The method is distinguished by the fact that it is fast and requires little labour.     

Bestimmung von Gold im ppm- bis ppb-Bereich in Selen und Erzen mittels AAS nach Anreicherung durch Extraktion und Adsorption

Zusammenfassung In einem einfachen Verbundverfahren werden ppm- und ppb-Gehalte von Gold entweder nach Extraktion mit Methacrylsäuremethylester (MME) direkt im ppm-Bereich mittels Flammen-AAS oder im ppb-Bereich nach Absorption an selenorganische Verbindungen in der Graphitküvette bestimmt. Die Nachweisgrenze in der Flammen-AAS ist 0,2 g Au/ml MME; in der Graphitküvette können noch 0.25 ng nachgewiesen werden. Die relative Standardabweichungen für die Goldbestimmungen sind bei Gehalten von 0,064 ppm in Selen 23%, bei 14 ppm 3,5%; in Bleikonzentraten bei 0,41 ppm 10,2%. Das angegebene Verfahren ist auf Erze und andere Metallkonzentrate übertragbar.

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AAS Determination of gold in the ppm to ppb range in selenium after enrichment by extraction and adsorption

Summary With a simple method ppm and ppb amounts of gold were determined either after extraction with methyl methacrylate (MME) directly by flame AAS in ppm amounts or after absorption on organoselenium compounds in ppb amounts with flameless AAS. The determination limit by flame AAS is 0.2 g Au/ml MME, by flameless AAS 0.25 ng. The relative standard deviations for the determination of gold are 23% for the determination in selenium in the range of 0.064 ppm, in the range of 14 ppm 3.5%. For lead concentrates with 0.41 ppm the relative standard deviation is 10.2%. This method may be used, too, for the analysis of other metal concentrates and ores.

Für die Gewährung eines Stipendiums (L.F.) danken wir der Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung.     

乙酸除铋火试金法测定粗铋中的金银含量

建立了用乙酸分离粗铋中铋-火试金重量法测定粗铋中金和银含量的方法。首先把粗铋焙烧氧化,然后用乙酸溶解粗铋的氧化物,过滤除去铋,消除铋对火试金法的干扰,将沉淀物灰化后,配料、高温熔融,熔态的金属铅捕集试样中的贵金属形成铅扣,将铅扣灰吹,得到金银合粒,用硝酸溶解分离金,用重量法测定金含量。方法准确度高,精密度好,金的加标回收率为99.2%～101%,银的加标回收率为98.2%～99.7%。能很好地满足粗铋中金、银的测定。