纳米Ce1—xMnxO2催化剂上乙醇催化氧化发光研究

研究了纳米Ce_1—xMn_xO₂上乙醇催化氧化发光特性, 重点考察了反应温度和催化剂组成(Ce/Mn比)对发光强度的影响规律. 为研究催化发光机理, 在相近的反应条件下考察了纳米Ce_1—xMn_xO₂上乙醇催化氧化反应的活性和选择性. 结果表明: 催化发光强度与催化反应中生成CH₃CHO的产率有很好的顺变关系, 表明CH₃CHO是导致C₂H₅OH分子在纳米Ce_1—xMn_xO₂催化剂上氧化发光的“活性分子”.     

纳米Ce 1-x ZrxO2催化剂上乙醇催化氧化发光研究

研究了纳米Ce 1-x ZrxO2上乙醇催化氧化发光特性, 重点考察了反应温度和催化剂组成［n(Ce)/n(Zr)］对发光强度的影响. 在相近的反应条件下研究了纳米Ce 1-x ZrxO2上乙醇催化氧化反应的活性、 选择性和可能的催化发光机理. 结果表明， 催化发光强度与催化反应中生成CH3CHO的产率有很好的顺变关系.     

Mn1-x(Li,Ti)xCo2O4尖晶石型复合氧化物的制备、表征与催化性能

用柠檬酸配位燃烧法合成了Mn_1-x(Li,Ti)_xCo₂O₄系列尖晶石型复合氧化物催化剂，使用FTIR和XRD方法对催化剂结构进行表征，通过程序升温氧化反应(TPO)技术对这些催化剂在模拟柴油机尾气条件下进行同时消除NO_x和柴油碳黑反应的活性评价。结果表明，掺杂Li或Ti后的Mn_1-x(Li,Ti)_xCo₂O₄系列催化剂仍然保持了完整的尖晶石型复合氧化物结构，这些催化剂对同时消除柴油机尾气中的碳黑颗粒和NO_x具有良好的催化性能，其中Li或Ti的掺杂量为x=0.05较佳，结合碳黑燃烧与NO_x还原总的催化效果，Mn_0.95Li_0.05Co₂O₄具有最好的催化活性。     

ZrxCe1－xO2催化剂催化湿式氧化乙酸的活性研究

采用共沉淀法制备了Zr_xCe_1－xO₂催化剂, 利用BET, XRD和XPS对其进行了表征, 并研究了催化剂催化湿式氧化乙酸的活性. 结果表明: Zr和Ce摩尔比为1∶9的催化剂催化湿式氧化乙酸时具有最好的活性, 当乙酸溶液的初始化学需氧量(COD)为5000 mg/L, 反应温度为230 ℃, 压力为5 MPa时, 120 min后, COD的去除率为76% . 催化剂具有良好的活性是因为在CeO₂中加入Zr能够增大催化剂的比表面积和表面缺陷氧的含量, 并最终加快了HO₂•自由基的产生, 从而提高了催化剂的活性.     

ZrxCe1－xO2催化剂催化湿式氧化乙酸的活性研究

采用共沉淀法制备了Zr_xCe_1－xO₂催化剂, 利用BET, XRD和XPS对其进行了表征, 并研究了催化剂催化湿式氧化乙酸的活性. 结果表明: Zr和Ce摩尔比为1∶9的催化剂催化湿式氧化乙酸时具有最好的活性, 当乙酸溶液的初始化学需氧量(COD)为5000 mg/L, 反应温度为230 ℃, 压力为5 MPa时, 120 min后, COD的去除率为76% . 催化剂具有良好的活性是因为在CeO₂中加入Zr能够增大催化剂的比表面积和表面缺陷氧的含量, 并最终加快了HO₂•自由基的产生, 从而提高了催化剂的活性.     

Ce1－xNdxO2－δ固溶体的电子顺磁共振谱和阻抗谱的研究

利用溶胶-凝胶方法在800 ℃焙烧10 h后, 合成了固溶体Ce_1－xNd_xO_2－δ (x＝0.05～0.55), X射线衍射(XRD)测试表明固溶体已经形成立方萤石结构; 电子顺磁共振谱(EPR)研究表明在固溶体Ce_1－xNd_xO_2－δ中随着掺杂量x的增大, Ce^3＋离子含量减少, 说明掺杂Nd^3＋离子可以抑制Ce^4＋的还原; 交流阻抗谱的测量表明固溶体Ce_0.9Nd_0.1O_2－d 具有离子导电特性, 600和700 ℃时的电导率分别为4.25×10^－3和1.12×10^－2 S•cm^－1, 活化能为0.68 eV.     

层状O2结构锂锰氧化物Li0.60[MgxCoyMn1-x-y]O2的制备及结构表征

本文采用离子交换法分别制备了双复合锂锰氧化物Li_0.60[Mg_xMn_1-x]O₂(0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.15)和三复合锂锰氧化物Li_0.60[Mg_xCo_yMn_1-x-y]O₂(x=0.05，0.05 ≤      

(Zn1-xMnx)C2O4·2H2O在空气中的热分解动力学研究

用热分析（TG-DTG/DTA）、X射线衍射（XRD）技术和透射电镜（TEM）研究了固态物质Zn_1-xMn_xC₂O₄•2H₂O在空气中热分解的过程。热分析结果表明，Zn_1-xMn_xC₂O₄•2H₂O在空气中分两步分解，其失重率与理论计算失重率相吻合。 XRD和TEM结果表明，Zn_1-xMn_xC₂O₄•2H₂O分解的最终产物为Zn_1-xMn_xO,其颗粒大小约为10-13 nm。在非等温条件下对Zn_1-xMn_xC₂O₄•2H₂O的热分解动力学进行了分析。用Friedman法和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO)法求取了分解过程的活化能E，并用多元线性回归给出了可能的机理函数。Zn_1-xMn_xC₂O₄•2H₂O两步热分解的活化能分别为155.7513 kJ/mol 和215.9397 kJ/mol。     

中温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料Sm2-xCexCuO4的制备与性能研究

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐法合成了新型中温固体氧化物燃料电池(ITSOFC)阴极材料Sm_2-xCe_xCuO₄(SCC，x=0.0～0.25)。利用XRD和SEM对材料的结构、化学稳定性和微观形貌进行分析表明，该阴极材料与电解质Ce_0.9Gd_0.1O_1.9(CGO)在1 000 ℃烧结时不发生反应;且烧结2 h后，二者之间形成良好的接触界面。利     

CexPr1-xO2-δ复合氧化物的XRD和Raman表征

A series of Ce_xPr_1-xO_2-δ mixed oxides were synthesized by sol-gel method and characterized by Raman and XRD techniques. When x value was changed from 1.0 to 0.5, only a cubic phase CeO₂ was observed. The samples were very well crystallized on decreasing x from 0.50 to 0.99. For Ce_xPr_1-xO_2-δ samples 465 cm^-1 and 1 150 cm^-1 Raman peaks are attributed to the Raman active F_2g mode of CeO₂. The broad peak at about 570 cm^-1 in the region of 0.3 ≤x≤ 0.99 can be linked to lattice defects resulting in oxygen vacancies. The new band at about 195 cm^-1 may be attributed to the asymmetric vibration caused by the formation of oxygen vacancies. Calcination temperatures had great effect on the peak intensity for CeO₂ but less effect on Ce_0.8Pr_0.2O_2-δ in Raman spectra. It might be due to the transformation of the colors for the mixed oxides, the insertion of Pr atom into the ceria lattice could enhance the sintering resistance and thermal stability of the mixed oxides.     

镁掺杂氧化铈整体式催化剂催化CO2和CH3OH直接合成碳酸二甲酯

采用共沉淀法成功地合成了不同Mg掺杂量的Ce_1-xMg_xO₂(x=0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20)固溶体催化材料,并运用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附-脱附测试、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、CO₂程序升温脱附(CO₂-TPD)等技术对这些材料进行了表征。结果发现,通过调控CeO₂晶格中Mg的含量,可以调控所制备的Ce_1-xMg_xO₂催化材料的粒径、比表面积、表面缺陷等。其中Ce_0.90Mg_0.10O₂展现了最佳的表面性质,具有最小的平均粒径(约5.8 nm),最大的比表面积(约136 m2·g^-1)以及最高的表面氧含量(31.98%)。将Ce_1-xMg_xO₂催化材料涂覆在堇青石蜂窝陶瓷上制成整体催化剂,考察其对CO₂和CH₃OH直接合成碳酸二甲酯的催化性能。在140℃、2.4 MPa、反应2 h的条件下,Ce_0.90Mg_0.10O₂整体催化剂上碳酸二甲酯的收率高达20.21%,催化效果明显优于CeO₂和其余的Ce_1-xMg_xO₂(x=0.05、0.15、0.20)催化材料。     

焙烧温度对Mn/Al2O3-TiO2催化剂结构及氧化NO性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法和浸渍法制备10% Mn/Al₂O₃-TiO₂催化剂,借助TPO、XRD、O₂-TPD、Raman、XPS等手段,考察焙烧温度(450~650 ℃)对催化剂结构以及氧化NO性能的影响。TPO结果表明催化剂活性随焙烧温度的升高先增后减,其中焙烧温度为550 ℃时催化剂活性最好。XPS结果显示随着焙烧温度的升高(450~550 ℃),催化剂表面Mn³⁺的含量逐渐升高,与催化剂活性的强弱成对应关系,并且催化剂晶格氧含量下降,而表面化学吸附氧从40.9%增加到64.8%。Raman分析显示550 ℃焙烧时,催化剂表面存在丰富的Mn₂O₃活性物种,并且O₂-TPD分析也表明随着焙烧温度的升高,晶格氧向表面化学吸附氧流动,提高了化学吸附态氧物种的含量。这些结果表明Mn₂O₃可能是NO氧化起主要作用的活性Mn物种,释放更多的表面化学吸附氧物种,将有助于促进NO的催化氧化。     

纳米Mn-Zn铁氧体的制备和研究

Nanosize manganese zinc ferrites were fabricated by hydrothermal precipitation route using Fe₂(SO₄)₃, ZnSO₄·7H₂O, MnSO₄·H₂O as material, then some calcinated at 500 ℃ and studied by XRD, TEM, IR and VSM. The results showed that the products were spinel crystal structure and uniformly sized nanoparticles (15～25 nm) with little aggregation. The analysis of IR showed that the superficial water can be eliminated, but that was embedded in crystal lattice can not be removed by calcinating. The effect Zn content x on the lattice (a) of nanosize Mn_1-xZn_xFe₂O₄ was also discussed. The lattice of nanosize Mn_1-xZn_xFe₂O₄ decreases with x increasing; and its value deviated the standard lattice (a₀) of normal size manganese zinc ferrites. A lot of water was absorbed during the hydrothermal process owing to the large surface of nanosize particles. The change of magnetic properties of Mn_xZn_1-xFe₂O₄ with x increasing was studied: nanosize Mn_xZn_1-xFe₂O₄ particles synthesized by us exhibited peculiar magnetic properties curve with Zn content (x) increasing, Superparamagnetic behaviors of the synthesized ZnFe₂O₄ samples were confirmed by magnetic characterization, which can be explained by the difference between the distribution of the metal ions (Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Fe³⁺) among the tetrahedral (A) and the octahedral (B) sites of nanosize ferrite and that of bulk ferrite.     

纳米Ce1-xLaxO2-δ的微波引诱燃烧合成及其性能表征

Nanometer Ce_1-xLa_xO_2-δ solid solutions were synthesized by microwave-induced combustion process us-ing cerium nitrate hexahydrate， lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate and urea as raw materials. The process took only six minutes to obtain La₂O₃-doped CeO₂ nanopowders. The nanopowders were characterized by XRD， Laser Raman spectrum ， UV-Vis spectroscopy，field-emission scanning electron micrograph(FE-SEM)and TEM. The results revealed that the grain size of Ce_1-xLa_xO_2-δ varied from 20 to 40 nm calculated by Scherer formula through the plane of (111)， that oxygen vacancy was produced in the crystal lattices and the concentration of oxygen vacancy was increased with La doping， therefore the covalence of Ce-O bond was strenthened， which results in more intensive UV-C(200～280 nm)absorption. It can be seen from SEM that the porous appearance was obtained. Grain size is no more than 40nm observed from TEM.     

空气中合成固溶体荧光粉Ba2(Zn, Mg)Si2O7:Ce3+,Eu2+,Eu3+及其发光特性

采用高温固相法在空气中合成了Ba_1.97-yZn_1-xMg_xSi₂O₇:0.03Eu,yCe³⁺系列荧光粉。分别采用X-射线衍射和荧光光谱对所合成荧光粉的物相和发光性质进行了表征。在紫外光330~360 nm激发下,固溶体荧光粉Ba_1.97-yZn_1-xMg_xSi₂O₇:0.03Eu的发射光谱在350~725 nm范围内呈现多谱峰发射,360和500 nm处有强的宽带发射属于Eu²⁺离子的4f⁶5d¹-4f⁷跃迁,590~725 nm红光区窄带谱源于Eu³⁺的⁵D₀-⁷F_J (J=1,2,3,4)跃迁,这表明,在空气气氛中,部分Eu³⁺在Ba_1.97-yZn_1-xMg_xSi₂O₇基质中被还原成了Eu²⁺;当x=0.1时,荧光粉Ba_1.97Zn_0.9Mg_0.1Si₂O₇:0.03Eu的绿色发光最强,表明Eu³⁺被还原成Eu²⁺离子的程度最大。当共掺入Ce³⁺离子后,形成Ba_1.97-yZn_0.9Mg_0.1Si₂O₇:0.03Eu,yCe³⁺荧光粉体系,其发光随着Ce³⁺离子浓度的增大由蓝绿区经白光区到达橙红区;发现名义组成为Ba_1.96Zn_0.9Mg_0.1Si₂O₇:0.01Ce³⁺,0.03Eu的荧光粉的色坐标为(0.323,0.311),接近理想白光,是一种有潜在应用价值的白光荧光粉。讨论了稀土离子在Ba₂Zn_0.9Mg_0.1Si₂O₇基质中的能量传递与发光机理。     

棒状CuFe4Ox的可控合成及其异戊醇脱氢反应的催化性能

利用液相沉淀法可控合成了均匀的棒状CuFe₄O_x催化剂。通过原位X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、高分辨透射电子显微镜（TEM）及程序升温还原（TPR）等手段表征其晶相结构、形貌和还原性能。通过还原棒状CuFe₄O_x获得Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄ 纳米棒,原位X射线光电子能谱（XPS）用于确定Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄ 表面的相组成。通过液相沉淀法制备棒状CuFe₄O_x,在120℃保持3 h后加入Na₂CO₃溶液至pH等于9时所得棒状形貌最为规整。以异戊醇脱氢反应作为探针反应,比较了Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄ 纳米棒和Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄ 纳米颗粒的催化反应性能,发现Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄ 纳米棒比Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄ 纳米粒子具有更好的活性和稳定性,表明棒状Fe₃O₄ 担载的Cu纳米粒子具有更好的结构稳定性。     

掺镍型层状LixNiyMn1-yO2正极材料的合成与电性能研究

A kind of cathode material of layered Li_xNi_yMn_1-yO₂ characterized with the O2 type has been synthesized by a simple method. Its precursor Na_xNi_yMn_1-yO₂ has been prepared from manganese dioxide， nickel hydroxide and sodium carbonate at high temperature in air and quickly cooled in cold water， then it has been exchanged by the melted LiNO₃ at 300～400℃ in air. The effects of calcine-temperature for the precursors and its compositions (the content of Na and Ni) on the electrochemical properties of the material Li_xNi_yMn_1-yO₂ have been investingated by XRD and electrochemical tests. The results show that the sample Li_0.7Ni_0.3Mn_0.7O₂， has the best electrochemical properties which shows only one charge-discharge potential stage of 2.8～3.0V and has a high specific capacity over 180mAh·g^-1 cycled between 2.0～4.20V. A significant structure transformation to the spinal-type phase has not been found in the charge-discharge cycling and the discharge specific capacity around 165mAh·g^-1 has re-mained after the 20th cyclings for the material.     

棒状CuFe4Ox的可控合成及其异戊醇脱氢反应的催化性能

利用液相沉淀法可控合成了均匀的棒状CuFe₄O_x催化剂。通过原位X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、高分辨透射电子显微镜（TEM）及程序升温还原（TPR）等手段表征其晶相结构、形貌和还原性能。通过还原棒状CuFe₄O_x获得Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄纳米棒,原位X射线光电子能谱（XPS）用于确定Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄表面的相组成。通过液相沉淀法制备棒状CuFe₄O_x,在120℃保持3 h后加入Na₂CO₃溶液至pH等于9时所得棒状形貌最为规整。以异戊醇脱氢反应作为探针反应,比较了Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄纳米棒和Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒的催化反应性能,发现Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄纳米棒比Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄纳米粒子具有更好的活性和稳定性,表明棒状Fe₃O₄担载的Cu纳米粒子具有更好的结构稳定性。     

钙钛矿型LaxSr1－xNi1－yCoyO3光电催化活性研究

用甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧合成法, 制备La_xSr_1－xNi_1－yCo_yO₃复合氧化物的陶瓷粉末, 对钙钛矿氧化物进行了XRD结构分析. 在通氧或不通氧下测试氧还原和氧析出的循环伏安曲线. 结果表明: 该氧电极具有双功能催化特性, 但不完全可逆. 利用汞灯作为激发光源, 进行几种水溶性染料和五种混合染料光解实验, 利用紫外-可见、红外以及人工神经网络光度法研究La_xSr_1－xNi_1－yCo_yO₃的催化性能. 结果表明: La_xSr_1－xNi_1－yCo_yO₃ (x＝0.7, 0.9, 1; y＝0.3, 0.75)复合氧化物都具有较强光催化特性; La_xSr_1－xNi_1－yCo_yO₃的光催化活性高于La_xSr_1－xNiO₃, 这与B位离子(Ni^2—, Co^2－)的电子构型有关; Co^2＋的加入可使La_xSr_1－xNiO₃的光催化活性有所提高.