环己烷辅助水热法简易合成改性δ-MnO_2及其类Fenton催化性能

以KMnO_4为锰源,少量的环己烷为改性剂,采用简易的水热法制备了对照样品(CHM-0)和3种环己烷改性的δ-MnO_2(CHM-2,CHM-5和CHM-10).以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液为模拟染料废水,比较了材料的吸附性能和类Fenton催化性能.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和N_2吸附-脱附等技术对材料进行了表征.利用GC-MS技术对水热反应过程中环己烷的中间氧化产物进行了分析;通过自由基捕获剂实验初步分析了改性δ-MnO_2的催化机理,并评价了其稳定性.结果表明,改性δ-MnO_2对亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附性能和催化活性显著提高,且MB的吸附量随着环己烷添加量的增加而增大,而CHM-5的催化活性最高;在水热制备δ-MnO_2过程中,环己烷的中间氧化产物有丙酮、环己醇和环己酮;添加环己烷可改变δ-MnO_2的形貌与结晶度,CHM-0和CHM-5的比表面积分别为15.9及148.7m~2/g,比表面积的增大提高了δ-MnO_2的吸附性能和催化活性;环己烷改性δ-MnO_2具有良好的稳定性,其催化H_2O_2分解主要生成羟基自由基.     

LaMO3(M=Co,Mn)钙钛矿型催化剂上VOCs催化燃烧的研究

研究了LaMO3(M=Co,Mn)钙钛矿型催化剂对VOCs的催化燃烧性能,该类催化剂对单一VOC和混合VOCs均有很好的催化活性,而LaMnO3的催化活性要比LaCoO3的催化活性更好,氧化还原滴定实验表明,LaMnO3催化剂中锰以Mn4 (大约35%)和Mn3 价态存在,而在LaCoO3催化剂中发现钴均以Co3 价态存在;在混合VOCs催化燃烧的试验中,3种有机物的易氧化性依次为正丙醇＞甲苯＞环己烷,达到99%的转化率时,环己烷的反应温度则比甲苯的反应温度要约低40℃.     

磁场对Schiff碱配合物模拟甲烷单加氧酶催化性能的影响

生命体中存在许多双金属酶 ,其结构和作用机制目前尚不清楚 ,为了模拟甲烷单加氧酶的催化作用 ,我们将催化活性较高的金属卟啉、稳定性较高的 Schiff碱及双核结构结合起来 ,设计合成了一系列“类卟啉型”Schiff碱双核配合物 ,并将这些双核配合物模拟酶催化亚碘酰苯 (Ph IO)单加氧化环己烷反应 ,发现其催化活性及抗氧化稳定性类似于四芳基金属卟啉 [1～ 3 ] ;还发现在模拟酶催化环己烷氧化反应中双核配合物中的两个金属离子间存在协同作用 [4 ] .外加磁场对一般热化学反应影响较小 [5～ 7] ,而在催化反应中的磁场效应更明显 [5,8] .为了较…     

Co-APO-5分子筛催化的环己烷选择氧化:溶剂和改性方法对其催化性能的影响（英文）

通过合成改性制备了系列Co-APO-5分子筛催化剂,用于环己烷选择氧化,研究了溶剂和改性方法对其催化性能的影响。结果表明,含有π键的极性溶剂对环己烷选择氧化反应有利,环己烷转化率随着π键极性的增加而提高。引入Si和F降低了Co-APO-5分子筛骨架中四配位钴的含量;引入F后Co-APO-5分子筛的结晶度有所提高,而引入Si则能改善Co物种的氧化和还原性,提升其催化反应活性。同时,Co-APO-5的催化活性与其骨架中四配位Co(II)的含量相关,说明骨架Co(II)是环己烷选择氧化的催化活性中心。     

聚苯乙烯负载席夫碱Mo(Ⅵ)配合物合成、表征及其在环己烯环氧化反应中的催化活性

合成了聚苯乙烯负载乙二胺缩水杨醛席夫碱与Mo(Ⅵ)的配合物,并对其结构进行了表征.该配合物催化环己烯环氧化反应与小分子配合物MoO₂(acac)₂相比,具有更优良的催化活性和选择性;建立了催化剂中Mo分析和环氧环己烷气相色谱分析新方法;探讨了配合物及环氧环己烷合成过程诸因素的影响;优化了环氧环己烷合成条件,即以n(t-BuOOH)=0.1mol计,n(C₆H₁₀)∶n(t-BuOOH)=3∶1,溶剂5mL,反应温度80℃,时间60min.在该条件下,环氧环己烷收率(以t-BuOOH计)99.2%以上,质量分数约99.5%(GC检测).催化剂循环使用5次后,未见活性明显下降,环氧环己烷收率(以t-BuOOH计)仍接近99%.     

Cr-HMS合成、表征及其在催化氧化反应中的应用

合成了一系列不同Cr含量的CrHMS介孔分子筛,并对其物化性质进行了表征.结果表明,Cr的引入降低了介孔分子筛骨架结构的规整度和孔径的均一程度.CrHMS对苯羟基化和环己烷氧化反应均表现出良好的催化活性,并且随Cr含量的增加,催化活性呈火山型分布.对于较易进行的环己烷氧化反应,将CrHMS在H₂气氛中预先还原处理,可使催化剂既能保持较高的催化氧化活性,又能获得较好的稳定性.     

LaMO3(M=Co,Mn)钙钛矿型催化剂上VOCs催化燃烧的研究

研究了LaMO3(M=Co,Mn)钙钛矿型催化剂对VOCs的催化燃烧性能,该类催化剂对单一VOC和混合VOCs均有很好的催化活性,而LaMnO3的催化活性要比LaCoO3的催化活性更好,氧化还原滴定实验表明,LaMnO3催化剂中锰以Mn4+(大约35%)和Mn3+价态存在,而在LaCoO3催化剂中发现钴均以Co3+价态存在;在混合VOCs催化燃烧的试验中,3种有机物的易氧化性依次为正丙醇＞甲苯＞环己烷,达到99%的转化率时,环己烷的反应温度则比甲苯的反应温度要约低40℃.     

Schiff碱铁配合物催化环己烯环氧化

合成了一种吡啶甲醛类Schiff碱铁配合物[Fe(PA2OPd)C12]Cl,并考察了配合物对环己烯绿色环氧化反应的催化活性及反应条件,结果表明:吡啶甲醛类Schiff碱铁配合物对环己烯的环氧化反应有比较高的催化活性及选择性.以过氧化氢为氧源、[Fe(PA2OPd)C12]Cl为催化剂、在pH=5.0左右的乙酸乙酯溶液中25℃反应6.0 h,环己烯转化率可达90.5%,环氧环己烷选择性可达97.2%.     

钌配合物Ru（PA）2Cl对C—H键的选择氧化研究

合成了一种新的钌配合物Ｒｕ（ＰＡ）２Ｃｌ,以叔丁基氢化过氧化物为氧源,考察了它对甲苯,乙苯和环己烷的催化氧化反应。发现它对环己烷和乙苯有良好的催化活性。在适当的反应条件下,催化环己烷氧化成环己醇和环己酮,基于产物的催化转化数达１０２１。     

CoAPO-5和MnAPO-5分子筛的合成、表征及在环己烷选择氧化反应中的应用

合成一系列具有不同质量分数Co、Mn的磷铝分子筛CoAPO 5和MnAPO 5；通过X 衍射、扫描电镜、氮气物理吸附、热重分析以及紫外可见漫反射光谱等技术对分子筛的结构、形貌以及Co、Mn原子在分子筛骨架中的存在状态进行了表征；考察了氧气作氧化剂时分子筛在环己烷低温液相氧化反应中的催化性能。结果表明，所合成的CoAPO 5和MnAPO 5具有典型的AlPO4 5分子筛结构，金属Me/P比小于0.1时，分子筛结晶度较高。金属的种类、价态、质量分数及存在形式决定了模板剂与分子筛骨架作用的强度及方式，而有机模板剂的脱附、燃烧温度与这种作用密切相关；部分模板剂需在高温下脱除，说明分子筛骨架与模板剂之间存在着强相互作用。在CoAPO 5和MnAPO 5分子筛的骨架结构中，存在四配位的Co(II)和Mn(II)，经过焙烧可以部分氧化为Co(III)和Mn(III)，说明在焙烧样中存在着氧化还原活性中心。对于环己烷选择氧化反应，CoAPO 5和MnAPO 5分子筛都具有适中的催化活性，氧化反应产物分布均随反应时间而变化。虽然MnAPO 5的催化活性比CoAPO 5高，但其深度氧化能力也较强；采用MnAPO 5为催化剂，环己烷氧化反应的环己酮选择性及深度氧化产物的量都较高。同时，骨架Co质量分数对环己烷氧化反应活性具有显著影响，Co/P比为0.05的CoAPO 5分子筛催化活性最高，130℃反应24h，主要目的产物环己醇和环己酮的选择性可达88.5%。     

2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧自由基/Ca(ClO)2催化氧化甲基葡糖苷制备葡醛酸

采用2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧自由基/Ca(ClO)2体系选择氧化甲基葡萄糖苷(简称甲苷)合成了葡萄糖甲苷酸盐,再用硫酸酸解葡萄糖甲苷酸盐,得到葡萄糖醛酸和副产物硫酸钙。考察了氧化工艺条件对葡萄糖醛酸收率的影响;用pH计监控反应过程,反应中间体和终产物用UV和HPLC检测。结果表明,该体系对甲苷伯羟基的氧化具有较好的催化活性和反应选择性,葡萄糖醛酸收率达到92%,且金属离子易于去除。和传统的淀粉HNO3氧化法工艺相比,该方法具有资源节约、环境友好的特点。     

钨酸钠/过氧化氢体系对葡甲苷伯羟基的选择催化氧化

采用钨酸钠/过氧化氢体系对甲基葡萄糖苷的伯羟基进行选择催化氧化制备葡萄糖醛酸及其内酯,考察了不同催化氧化工艺条件对反应收率的影响,产物用HPLC检测,同时对反应机理进行了初步探讨。 结果表明, 该体系对葡甲苷伯羟基的氧化具有较好的催化活性和反应选择性,葡萄糖醛酸及其内酯总收率可达到74.07%。 与传统的淀粉硝酸氧化法工艺相比,该方法具有资源节约、环境友好的特点。     

A novel application of horseradish peroxidase: Oxidation of alcohol ethoxylate to alkylether carboxylic acid

A novel application of horseradish peroxidase （HRP） in the oxidation of alcohol ethoxylate to alkylether carboxylic acid in the present of H2O2 was reported in this paper. We propose the mechanism for the catalytic oxidation reaction is that the hydrogen transfers from the substrate to the ferryl oxygen to form the α-hydroxy carbon radical intermediate. The reaction offers a new approach for further research structure and catalytic mechanism of HRP and production of alkylether carboxylic acid.     

Selective Oxidation of Propane by Lattice Oxygen of Vanadium-Phosphorous Oxide in a Pulse Reactor

Selective oxidation of propane by lattice oxygen of vanadium-phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalysts was investigated with a pulse reactor in which the oxidation of propane and the re-oxidation of catalyst were implemented alternately in the presence of water vapor. The principal products are acrylic acid (AA),acetic acid (HAc), and carbon oxides. In addition, small amounts of C1 and C2 hydrocarbons were also found, molar ratio of AA to HAc is 1.4-2.2. The active oxygen species are those adsorbed on catalyst surface firmly and/or bound to catalyst lattice, i.e. lattice oxygen; the selective oxidation of propane on VPO catalysts can be carried out in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser reactor. For propane oxidation over VPO catalysts, the effects of reaction temperature in a pulse reactor were found almost the same as in a steady-state flow reactor. That is, as the reaction temperature increases, propane conversion and the amount of C1 C2 hydrocarbons in the product increase steadily, while selectivity to acrylic acid and to acetic acid increase prior to 350℃ then begin to drop at temperatures higher than 350℃, and yields of acrylic acid and of acetic acid attained maximum at about 400℃. The maximum yields of acrylic acid and of acetic acid for a single-pass are 7.50% and 4.59% respectively, with 38.2% propane conversion. When theamount of propane pulsed decreases or the amount of catalyst loaded increases, the conversion increases but the selectivity decreases. Increasing the flow rate of carrier gases causes the conversion pass through a minimum but selectivity and yields pass through a maximum. In a fixed bed reactor, it is hard to obtainhigh selectivity at a high reaction conversion due to the further degradation of acrylic acid and acetic acid even though propane was oxidized by the lattice oxygen. The catalytic performance can be improved inthe presence of excess propane. Propylene can be oxidized by lattice oxygen of VPO catalyst at 250℃, nevertheless, selectivity to AA and to HAc are even lower, much more acetic acid was produced (molar ratio of AA to HAc is 0.19:1-0.83:1) though the oxidation products are the same as from propane.     

Suitable combination of promoter and micellar catalyst for chromic acid oxidation of formaldehyde to formic acid in aqueous acid media at room temperature

The chromic acid oxidation of formaldehyde in micellar solution of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)/TX-100 at room temperature has been investigated under pseudo first-order condition. Heterocyclic bases such as picolinic acid (PA), 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) have been employed which acts as a promoter. The rate of this oxidation reaction increased 50 times by combination of bipy and SDS micelle compared to rate in pure aqueous media. Here, we can avoid hazardous organic solvents, high pressure and temperature which are required for conventional preparation of formic acid. The catalytic effect of SDS/TX-100 micelle has been explained.     

Investigations into the selective oxidation of vicinal diols to α-hydroxy ketones with the NaBrO3/NaHSO3 reagent: pH dependence, stoichiometry, substrates and origin of selectivity

The NaBrO₃/NaHSO₃ reagent is one of the few oxidizing agents that chemoselectively oxidizes vicinal diols to α-hydroxy ketones with little overoxidation to the corresponding vicinal-dione or dicarboxylic acid. Oxidation reactions performed with this reagent showed strong pH dependence. cis-Vicinal diols reacted faster than trans-vicinal diols to the α-hydroxy ketone product. Hydroxy functional groups at axial ring positions were more readily oxidized than equatorial hydroxy groups. The application of the NaBrO₃/NaHSO₃ reagent for the chemoselective oxidation of vicinal diols was limited to simple systems and failed with more complex monosaccharide compounds probably due to acid catalyzed dehydrogenation reactions. Despite the simple reaction set-up and good selectivity towards the α-hydroxy ketone product, the actual oxidation reaction mechanism is highly complex and postulated to involve at least six different equilibria with a plethora of bromine containing species. A possible oxidation reaction mechanism is discussed.     

Reactivity of Tyr–Leu and Leu–Tyr dipeptides: identification of oxidation products by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

The exposure of peptides and proteins to reactive hydroxyl radicals results in covalent modifications of amino acid side‐chains and protein backbone. In this study we have investigated the oxidation the isomeric peptides tyrosine–leucine (YL) and leucine–tyrosine (LY), by the hydroxyl radical formed under Fenton reaction (Fe²⁺/H₂O₂). Through mass spectrometry (MS), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC‐MS) and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MSⁿ) measurements, we have identified and characterized the oxidation products of these two dipeptides. This approach allowed observing and identifying a wide variety of oxidation products, including isomeric forms of the oxidized dipeptides. We detected oxidation products with 1, 2, 3 and 4 oxygen atoms for both peptides; however, oxidation products with 5 oxygen atoms were only present in LY. LY dipeptide oxidation leads to more isomers with 1 and 2 oxygen atoms than YL (3 vs 5 and 4 vs 5, respectively). Formation of the peroxy group occurred preferentially in the C‐terminal residue. We have also detected oxidation products with double bonds or keto groups, dimers (YL–YL and LY–LY) and other products as a result of cross‐linking. Both amino acids in the dipeptides were oxidized although the peptides showed different oxidation products. Also, amino acid residues have shown different oxidation products depending on the relative position on the dipeptide. Results suggest that amino acids in the C‐terminal position are more prone to oxidation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of diluent and reaction parameter on selective oxidation of propane over MoVTeNb catalyst using nanoflow catalytic reactor

The selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid over an MoVTeNb mixed oxide catalyst, dried and calcined before reaction has been studied using high-throughput instrumentation, which is called nanoflow catalytic reactor. The effects of catalyst dilution on the catalytic performance of the MoVTeNb mixed oxide catalyst in selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid were also investigated. The effects of some reaction parameters, such as gas hourly space velocity （GHSV） and reaction temperature, for selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid over diluted MoVTeNb catalyst have also been studied. The configuration of the nanoflow is shown to be suitable for screen catalytic performance, and its operating conditions were mimicked closely to conventional laboratory as well as to industrial conditions. The results obtained provided very good reproducibility and it showed that preparation methods as well as reaction parameters can play significant roles in catalytic performance of these catalysts.     

VPO催化剂的再生性质及其对晶格氧选择氧化丙烷的影响

采用脉冲反应器,研究了ＶＰＯ催化剂的再生性质及其对晶格氧选择氧化丙烷制丙烯酸和乙酸的影响,结果表明,ＶＰＯ催化剂与气相分子氧反应的速度要比丙烷与其 和氧反应的速度慢许多,因此以丙烷－Ｏ２共进料方式进行反应时,催化剂氧化再生是速度控制步骤,水是影响催化剂选择性的重要因素,但对活性影响不大,在反应温度下,水在ＶＰＯ催化剂 为可逆吸附,容易脱附流失,催化丙烷反应生成目的的产物的活性中心很稳定,主要是晶格     

Oxidation of glyoxal to glyoxylic acid by oxygen over V2O5/C catalyst

A novel vanadium oxide catalyst supported on active carbon was prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation method, and the precursor was obtained from oxalic acid aqueous solutions of NH4VO3. The catalyst was applied liquid phase oxidation of glyoxal to glyoxylic acid. It was found that V2O5/C catalyst exhibited obvious activity for glyoxal oxidation. Glyoxylic acid could be obtained without pH regulation during the reaction. By using this catalyst, the conversion of glyoxal and the yield of glyoxalic acid were 29.2% and 13.6%, respectively at 313 K and oxygen flow 0.1 L/rain after reaction for 10 h.