VMgO催化剂上丙烷氧化脱氢反应的原位Raman谱学研究

应用原位Ｒａｍａｎ谱学方法，考察了反应条件下ＶＭｇＯ催化剂分别与氧、丙烯、丙烷和丙烷／氧混合气等的相互作用。结果表明，ＶＭｇＯ催化剂具有较好的被还原性，而再氧化过程则缓慢得多；丙烷与氧在ＶＭｇＯ催化剂的反应可能遵循Ｍａｒｓ－ｖａｎ Ｋｒｅｖｅｌｅｎ晶格氧反应机理；丙烷的活化需要表现晶格氧物种，这些氧物处一旦生成就能很快与丙烷作用，而氧的吸附活化并转化为表面晶格氧物种是维持丙烷氧化脱氢反应Ｍａｒｓ－     

正丁烷氧化制顺酐Ce基复合氧化物VPO催化剂研制

在用共沉淀方法制备的Ｃｅ－Ｆｅ复合氧化物中,加入ＶＰＯ化剂制备复合ＶＰＯ催化剂;井测试结构、氧化还原性能以及催化性能。实验结果表明,Ｃｅ－Ｆｅ复合氧化物的组成和数量均对复合ＶＰＯ催化剂的结构产生较大的影响,Ｃｅ－Ｆｅ复合氧化物的加入,提高了复合ＶＰＯ催化剂表面低温氧物种的活性,降低了品格氧物种的ＴＰＲ出峰温度,无论在有无气相氧条件下,复合ＶＰＯ催化剂的晶格氧均有良好的反应催化性能。     

阶跃过渡应答技术研究Mo-V/Al2O3催化剂上乙烷氧化脱氧制乙烯反应的暂态动力学Ⅱ.乙烷氧化脱氢反应的机理和动力学参数的求取

通过一系列应答实验，证实了氧在ＭｏＯ３－Ｖ２Ｏ５／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上的吸附和吸附态氧转变为晶格氧的过程是慢过程，是乙烷氧化脱氢反应的速度控制步骤；乙烯的深度氧化是乙烯与催化剂表面上吸附态氧作用的结果，而不是与催化剂上晶格氧作用的结果。结合第Ⅰ部分的实验结果，提出了乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯反应的机理，并用Ｔｒｅａｎｏｒ法和ＤＦＰ法求取了各基元步骤的速率常数、活化能和指前因子等动力学参数。用计算所得的结果进     

丙烷在负载型V2O5/Zr3(PO4)4催化剂上的氧化脱氢

制备了无定型的磷酸锆Ｚｒ３（ＰＯ４）４载体,采用浸渍法在载体上负载０６％～６０％的Ｖ２Ｏ５．所制备的催化剂在丙烷氧化脱氢反应中具有较好的催化性能,如３０％Ｖ２Ｏ５／Ｚｒ３（ＰＯ４）４催化剂在丙烷转化率为１７０％时,丙烯选择性可达５３８％,丙烯收率达９１％．考察了不同反应条件下催化剂的性能．ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ和Ｒａｍａｎ光谱表明,Ｖ２Ｏ５在Ｚｒ３（ＰＯ４）４载体上主要是以高度分散的钒氧物种存在;ＥＳＲ分析结果证明催化剂中存在Ｖ４＋物种,表明Ｖ５＋／Ｖ４＋参与了氧化还原反应．     

VPO催化剂上丙烷选择氧化制丙烯酸的结构敏感性研究

ＶＰＯ催化剂上丙烷选择氧化制丙烯酸的结构敏感性研究赵如松，徐铸德（浙江大学化学系，杭州３１００２７）关键词ＶＰＯ催化剂，丙烷，氧化，丙烯酸，结构敏感性丙烷直接选择氧化制取丙烯酸（ＡＡ）是个包含脱除４个氢原子和插入两个氧原子的复杂反应过程，要求催化剂具...     

VPO催化剂上丙烷选择氧化反应机理的分子探针研究

ＶＰＯ催化剂上丙烷选择氧化反应机理的分子探针研究赵如松，徐铸德（浙江大学化学系，杭州３１００２７）关键词ＶＰＯ催化剂，丙烷，选择氧化，分子探针，反应机理最近研究［１－２］表明，Ｃ３０在ＶＰＯ催化剂上可直接选择氧化成丙烯酸和乙酸。这种工艺与现行烯烃为原...     

甲烷氧化偶联MgO／BaCO3催化剂的表面结构与催化活性

用ＣＯ２－ＴＰＤ，ＣＯ，ＣＨ４脉冲以及ＥＰＲ，ＸＰＳ等方法对ＭｇＯ／ＢａＣＯ３的表面结构及催化活性进行研究，结果表明，催化剂的碱性，氧扩散速率等对催化剂的活性均有影响。ＢａＣＯ３和ＭｇＯ的共同作用可以增强催化剂的碱性强度?增加强碱中心的量，调变晶格氧的移动性，提高Ｃ２烃的收率和选择性。ＥＰＲ和ＸＰＳ测试结果表明，表面吸附态的氧物种Ｏ＾－２作为甲烷氧化偶联活性氧物种的前驱态在反应反应条件下可转化为活     

乙苯脱氢Fe_2O_3－K_2O系催化剂中晶格氧和钾的助催作用

采用程序升温还原反应（ＴＰＲ）、ＸＰＳ、高温真空ＸＲＤ及活性和比表面测定等方法对单组分Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３、双组分Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３－Ｋ_２Ｏ催化剂及工业用ＸＨ－０３催化剂研究晶格氧的性质和钾的助催作用；结果表明，纯Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３催化剂表面氧种的还原程度差别较大，反应时晶格氧易于失去，造成缺氧而迅速失活，钾的加入使催化剂生成新的Ｋ_２Ｆ_ｅ２Ｏ_４相，其表面氧种的还原性趋向一定的温度范围，晶格氧数量增加，且其稳定性也增加，从而同时促进了氧转移脱氢和直接脱氢反应的活性，因此认为Ｋ_２Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_４可能是活性相，脱氢反应的活性中心应由Ｆｅ~（２＋）、Ｆｅ~（３＋）、还原程度一定的晶格氧和Ｋ~＋组成。     

不同孔道结构的氧化硅负载钒氧化物催化丙烷氧化脱氢

采用固定床微型反应装置,结合催化剂的原位电子自旋共振光谱、程序升温表面反应和紫外漫反射光谱等技术,研究了丙烷氧化脱氢的介孔氧化硅负载钒氧化物催化剂的性能和表面氧物种的状态及其反应性.结果表明,催化剂载体孔结构是影响钒氧物种分散状态乃至催化性能的一个重要因素.SBA-15负载钒氧化物催化剂因具有较大的比表面积和较大的孔径,不仅具有较高的丙烷氧化脱氢催化活性,而且具有较高的丙烯选择性.复合型钒氧化物催化剂表面与V离子相连的晶格氧物种是丙烷氧化脱氢牛成内烯的主要活性物种,载体表面高度分散的钒氧物种具有较高的丙烷氧化脱氢催化活性.负载型钒氧化物催化剂晶格氧物种是丙烷氧化脱氢转化为丙稀的主要活性物种,CO_2分子可以再生钒氧化物催化剂的晶格氧物种,同时它对丙烯的深度氧化作用较弱,因此在负载型钒氧化物催化剂上CO_2氧化丙烷可高选择性地生成丙烯.     

阶跃过渡应答技术研究Mo-V/Al2O3催化剂上乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯反应的暂态动力学Ⅰ.C2H6,O2,C2H4和CO2的催化剂上的吸附行为

用阶跃过渡应答技术研究了乙烷氧化脱氢反应的反应物Ｃ２Ｈ６，Ｏ２，产物Ｃ２Ｈ４和主要副产物ＣＯ２在ＭｏＯ３－Ｖ２Ｏ５／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上的吸附行为。结果表明：Ｃ２Ｈ６和Ｃ２Ｈ４在该催化剂上不吸附；氧为慢吸附、不可逆吸附；ＣＯ２为可逆吸附，吸附量较小。并发现在无氧的条件下，乙烷能与催化剂表面上的晶格氧反应生成乙烯。这些结果对乙烷氧化脱氢反应机理的探讨有重要意义。     

Selective Oxidation of Propane by Lattice Oxygen of Vanadium-Phosphorous Oxide in a Pulse Reactor

Selective oxidation of propane by lattice oxygen of vanadium-phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalysts was investigated with a pulse reactor in which the oxidation of propane and the re-oxidation of catalyst were implemented alternately in the presence of water vapor. The principal products are acrylic acid (AA),acetic acid (HAc), and carbon oxides. In addition, small amounts of C1 and C2 hydrocarbons were also found, molar ratio of AA to HAc is 1.4-2.2. The active oxygen species are those adsorbed on catalyst surface firmly and/or bound to catalyst lattice, i.e. lattice oxygen; the selective oxidation of propane on VPO catalysts can be carried out in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser reactor. For propane oxidation over VPO catalysts, the effects of reaction temperature in a pulse reactor were found almost the same as in a steady-state flow reactor. That is, as the reaction temperature increases, propane conversion and the amount of C1 C2 hydrocarbons in the product increase steadily, while selectivity to acrylic acid and to acetic acid increase prior to 350℃ then begin to drop at temperatures higher than 350℃, and yields of acrylic acid and of acetic acid attained maximum at about 400℃. The maximum yields of acrylic acid and of acetic acid for a single-pass are 7.50% and 4.59% respectively, with 38.2% propane conversion. When theamount of propane pulsed decreases or the amount of catalyst loaded increases, the conversion increases but the selectivity decreases. Increasing the flow rate of carrier gases causes the conversion pass through a minimum but selectivity and yields pass through a maximum. In a fixed bed reactor, it is hard to obtainhigh selectivity at a high reaction conversion due to the further degradation of acrylic acid and acetic acid even though propane was oxidized by the lattice oxygen. The catalytic performance can be improved inthe presence of excess propane. Propylene can be oxidized by lattice oxygen of VPO catalyst at 250℃, nevertheless, selectivity to AA and to HAc are even lower, much more acetic acid was produced (molar ratio of AA to HAc is 0.19:1-0.83:1) though the oxidation products are the same as from propane.     

丙烷在钒-磷混合氧化物催化剂上晶格氧氧化及其循环流化床工艺

丙烯酸;丙烷在钒-磷混合氧化物催化剂上晶格氧氧化及其循环流化床工艺     

VPO催化剂P/V比对丙烷晶格氧选择氧化制丙烯酸和乙酸的影响

丙烷选择氧化制取丙烯酸(AA)和乙酸(HAc)是氧化深度大、反应过程复杂、包含氧化脱氢和选择性氧种进入分子等多重步骤的多相催化过程. 从催化剂设计的角度看,适用于该反应的催化剂必须在较温和的条件下对烷烃具有氧化脱氢的能力. 钒磷混合氧化物(VPO)是目前少有的这类催化剂. 在影响其催化性能的众多因素中,n(P)/n(V)比是个关键参数;丙烷-氧共进料连续流动氧化反应的适宜n(P)/n(V)比为1.05～1.15[1～4]. 丙烷在VPO催化剂上的选择氧化按晶格氧氧化机制进行,适合于循环流化床提升管(CFBR)反应工艺[5]. CFBR工艺在大幅度提高原料中烃的浓度、抑制深度氧化、降低未反应原料的循环费用等诸多方面具有明显的优势[6],特别适用于丙烷等小分子烷烃的选择氧化. 在CFBR工艺中,与烷烃起反应的氧全部来自催化剂. 因此,为了提高经济效益,要求催化剂有尽可能大的可逆储氧量. 本文用脉冲反应器考察了催化剂P/V比对丙烷氧化反应性能的影响.     

Selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid over mixed metal oxide catalysts

The effects of metal atomic ratio, water content, oxygen content, and calcination temperature on the catalytic performances of MoVTeNbO mixed oxide catalyst system for the selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid have been investigated and discussed. Among the catalysts studied, it was found that the MoVTeNbO catalyst calcined at a temperature of 600 ℃ showed the best performance in terms of propane conversion and selectivity for acrylic acid under an atmosphere of nitrogen. An effective MoVTeNbO oxide catalyst for propane selective oxidation to acrylic acid was obtained with a combination of a preferred metal atomic ratio （Mo1V0.31Te0.23Nb0.12）. The optimum reaction condition for the selective oxidation of propane was the molar ratio of C3H8 ：O2 ： H2O ： N2 = 4.4： 12.8 ： 15.3 ： 36.9. Under such conditions, the conversion of propane and the maximum yield of acrylic acid reached about 50% and 21%, respectively.     

Oxidation of propane to acrylic acid and acetic acid over alkaline earth-doped Mo-V-Sb-O_x catalysts

Alkaline earth metal (Mg,Ca,Sr and Ba)-doped Mo-V-Sb-O x catalysts,prepared by a dry-up method,have been investigated for their catalytic performance in the oxidation of propane under different reaction conditions.The catalysts have been characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption,temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of NH3,SEM and XRD.Influence of water vapor on the catalytic performance,particularly on the selectivities to acetic acid and acrylic acid,has also been studied.The selectivity to acrylic acid was improved significantly by the doping of alkaline earth metals to Mo-V-Sb-O x catalysts.The surface acidic sites of the catalyst decreased with the doping of the catalyst with alkaline earth metals,which ultimately was found to be beneficial for obtaining high selectivity to acrylic acid.The catalytic activity and product selectivities were found to be influenced by the reaction temperature,C3H8/O2 ratio and space velocity.A significant improvement in the selectivity to acrylic acid has also been observed by the addition of water vapor in the feed of propane and oxygen in the oxidation of propane.     

Oxidation of propane to acrylic acid and acetic acid over alkaline earth-doped Mo-V-Sb-Ox catalysts

Alkaline earth metal (Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba)-doped Mo-V-Sb-Ox catalysts, prepared by a dry-up method, have been investigated for their catalytic performance in the oxidation of propane under different reaction conditions. The catalysts have been characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of NH3, SEM and XRD. Influence of water vapor on the catalytic performance, particularly on the selectivities to acetic acid and acrylic acid, has also been studied. The selectivity to acrylic acid was improved significantly by the doping of alkaline earth metals to Mo-V-Sb-Ox catalysts. The surface acidic sites of the catalyst decreased with the doping of the catalyst with alkaline earth metals, which ultimately was found to be beneficial for obtaining high selectivity to acrylic acid. The catalytic activity and product selectivities were found to be influenced by the reaction temperature, C3H8/O2 ratio and space velocity. A significant improvement in the selectivity to acrylic acid has also been observed by the addition of water vapor in the feed of propane and oxygen in the oxidation of propane.     

钒磷复合氧化物催化剂再氧化的在线动态质谱研究

 采用在线质谱动态响应技术，研究了钒磷复合氧化物（VPO）催化剂再氧化条件（氧浓度、温度和时间）对正丁烷选择氧化制顺酐反应的影响．结果表明，催化剂再氧化条件对正丁烷选择氧化反应性能有明显的影响，其中再氧化温度是主要影响因素．当正丁烷选择氧化和VPO催化剂再氧化在反应器（循环流化床和固定床）内序贯、交替进行时，可以通过改变再氧化条件使催化剂再氧化反应与正丁烷选择氧化反应恰当地匹配以改善时均反应性能．     

组合催化剂上丙烷选择氧化制丙烯酸

考察了在C3H8氧化脱氢的NiZrO催化剂和C3H6选择氧化的Mo基催化剂组成的组合催化剂上C3H8选择氧化制取丙烯酸的反应性能.结果表明,两个催化剂比例适当时,反应的丙烯酸收率可达最大.优化温度、烷氧比、空速以及N2含量等反应条件的结果发现,反应体系中O2的匮乏会严重影响反应性能.在有氧分布器的反应装置中对所选组合催化剂在优化的反应条件下进行了30h稳定性测试,结果表明,在340oC,反应性能基本稳定,C3H8转化率和丙烯酸选择性可分别维持在～20%和～74%.     

CO2氧化丙烷脱氢MoO3-V2O5/SiO2催化剂研究

采用表面改性和等体积浸渍法制备了MoO3-V2O5／SiO2复合氧化物，采用TPR、IR、TPD和微反技术表征了催化剂对CO2和C3H8的吸附性能和CO2部分氧化丙烷脱氢的反应性能．结果表明：随MoO3加入量的增加，V=O还原温度降低，晶格氧更易活化．CO2和丙烷的活化温度降低，丙烷转化率增高，丙烯选择性下降．V=O中晶格氧的活化是CO2氧化丙烷制丙烯反应的关键．