Dynamic stability and phase planar property for radial sector cyclotrons with N-folded symmetry

The particle nonlinear motion equation for a radial sector cyclotron with N-folded symmetry was derived. The betatron oscillations frequency with N=4, 5, 6, 8, 10 and the phase planar properties before and after v_x=4/3 resonance with N=4, f=0.578 were analyzed, by using numerical method. The dynamic stabilities and nonlinear properties were discussed, the result compared with those of ref. [1] shows that both are consistent when nonlinear terms are neglected.     

Symmetry Breaking for a System of Two Linear Second-Order Ordinary Differential Equations

A new canonical form for a system of two linear second-orderordinary differential equations (odes) is obtained. The latter isdecisive in unravelling symmetry structure of a system of two linearsecond-order odes. Namely we establish that the point symmetry Liealgebra of a system of two linear second-order odes can be5-, 6-, 7-, 8- or 15-dimensional. This result enhances both the richness andthe complexity of the symmetry structure of linear systems.     

Computing the eigenvectors of a matrix with multiplex eigenvalues by SVD method

Every matrix is similar to a matrix in Jordan canonical form, which has very important sense in the theory of linear algebra and its engineering application. For a matrix with multiplex eigenvalues , an algorithm based on the singular value decomposition ( SVD ) for computing its eigenvectors and Jordan canonical form was proposed. Numerical simulation shows that this algorithm has good effect in computing the eigenvectors and its Jordan canonical form of a matrix with multiplex eigenvalues. It is superior to MATLAB and MATHEMAtICA.     

A method to calculate period doubling bifurcation

Based on physical meaning of Melnikov function, we establish a method to calculate period doubling bifurcation and discuss this kind of bifurcation of soft spring Duffing system and find that the result is analogous to subharmonic bifurcation, that is, period doubling bifurcation will appear if damping is small and amplitude of excitation is big. Thi coincides with facts of physics.     

Kirchhoff弹性杆分析动力学的准坐标表达

作为DNA的力学模型,依据Kirchhoff动力学比拟思想建立的弹性细杆的分析力学方法已从静力学深入到动力学。由于静力学平衡微分方程与刚体动力学相当,因此,弹性细杆动力学的分析力学方程必是以弧坐标和时间为双自变量的偏微分方程。以横截面的形心速度以及弯扭度和角速度沿主轴的分量为准速度,定义了准坐标,导出了准坐标的微分和变分运算的交换关系。从Hamilton原理出发,利用准坐标的微分和变分运算的交换关系,导出了Kirchhoff弹性杆动力学准坐标下的Boltzmann-Hamel方程,并由此导出Lanrange方程。指出了Boltzmann-Hamel方程显式即为弹性杆动力学的Kirchhoff方程。定义关于弧坐标和时间的正则变量和Hamilton函数,导出Boltzmann-Hamel方程的正则形式。本文结果是以弹性杆静力学和刚性杆动力学为其特例。作为例子,建立了垂挂的在重力作用下作平面运动的弹性细杆的动力学微分方程以说明本文方法的应用。     

一类非线性磁流变系统局部分岔特性研究

讨论了一类基于磁流变阻尼器非线性系统的局部分岔与控制问题，建立了该系统的动力 学模型，运用中心流形定理和范式理论，得到该系统双零特征值问题的规范形及其普适开折， 进而探讨了此系统的分岔行为和稳定性；给出了分岔曲线、转迁集；并给出了此类非线性系 统的数值仿真结果.     

JORDAN CANONICAL FORMS OF MATRICES OVER QUATERNION FIELD

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多体动系统动力学方程在流形上的辛算法

多体系统动力学方程的数值方法一直是数学与力学家们的热门研 究课题.特别是多体系统动力学微分/代数方程组形式的数学模型，是所 谓的指标-3问题，它的求解是一个难题.目前流行的关于它的数值方法都 有不尽人意的地方，主要是对出现的所谓的违约问题和刚性问题未很好地 解决.多体系统动力学方程在流形上的辛算法是近几年出现的新的数值方 法，它将闭环型多体系统动力学的方程的约束部分和常微分方程部分利 用所谓的辛方法同时进行处理，其中的一些方法已证明是有效的，所以， 用它求解多体系统动力学方程前景看好.本文介绍了这些新的理论，并提 出了一些有待解决的问题.     

Profiling the Supersonic Part of a Plug Nozzle with a Nonuniform Transonic Flow

The effect of transonic flow nonuniformity on the profiling of optimal plug nozzles is studied in the inviscid gas approximation. Sonic and supersonic regions providing maximum thrust for given nozzle dimensions and a given outer pressure are designed for given subsonic contours and calculated nonuniform transonic flows. As in the case of uniform flow on a cylindrical sonic surface, the initial regions of the designed contours satisfy the condition that in these regions the flow Mach number is unity or near-unity. In all the examples calculated, the optimal plug nozzles produce a greater thrust than the optimal axisymmetric and annular nozzles with a near-axial flow for the same lengths and the same gas flow rates through the nozzle. It is established that contouring without regard for transonic flow nonuniformity can result in considerable thrust losses. However, these losses are due only to a decrease in the flow rate, while the specific thrust may even increase slightly.     

Birkhoff系统的广义正则变换及其基本形式

动力学方程的积分问题是分析力学研究的一个重要方面．由于求解一般的动力学方程往往会遇到很大困难，因此可利用变量变换，使方程变得容易求解．文章研究Birkhoff系统的广义正则变换．首先，建立Birkhoff系统的广义正则变换的充分必要条件；其次，基于该条件，给出Birkhoff系统的广义正则变换的六种基本形式，导出每一种情况下新旧变量之间的变换关系．作为特例，文中给出Hamilton方程的正则变换．文末，给出算例以说明结果的应用．     

压电材料平面应力状态的直线裂纹问题一般解

研究了含直线裂纹系的压电材料平面应力问题单个裂纹和双裂纹问题的封闭解答表明，在裂纹尖端，应力、电场强度和电位移有１／２阶的奇异性并与前人结果比较了产生电场奇异性的物理因素     

压电材料平面应力状态的直线裂纹问题一般解

研究了含直线裂纹系的压电材料平面应力问题单个裂纹和双裂纹问题的封闭解答表明，在裂纹尖端，应力、电场强度和电位移有１／２阶的奇异性并与前人结果比较了产生电场奇异性的物理因素     

动量矩变量描述的陀螺体永久转动的分岔特性

本文建立以动量矩分量和Ｄｅｐｒｉｔ正则变量为独立变量的陀螺体动力学方程，用以描述无力矩非对称陀螺体的姿态运动。在动量矩空间内讨论了陀螺体永久转动轴的数目和稳定性随转子转速变化的分岔特性。     

ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF COMPLEX VECTOR SPACES AND THE JORDAN CANONICAL FORM OF COMPLEX LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS

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Experimental investigation on the aerodynamic behavior of square cylinders with rounded corners

The influence of corner shaping on the aerodynamic behavior of square cylinders is studied through wind tunnel tests. Beside the sharp-edge corner condition considered as a benchmark, two different rounded-corner radii (r/b=1/15 and 2/15) are studied. Global forces and surface pressure are simultaneously measured in the Reynolds number range between 1.7×10⁴ and 2.3×10⁵. The measurements are extended to angles of incidence between 0° and 45°, but the analysis and the discussion presented herein is focused on the low angle of incidence range. It is found that the critical angle of incidence, corresponding to the flow reattachment on the lateral face exposed to the flow, decreases as r/b increases and that an intermittent flow condition exists. In the case of turbulent incoming flow, two different aerodynamic regimes governed by the Reynolds number have been recognized.     

About the Beavers and Joseph Boundary Condition

A large number of papers are adopting the Beavers and Joseph (BJ) condition (Beavers and Joseph, J Fluid Mech 30(1):197–207, 1967) for describing the boundary condition between a saturated porous medium and a free fluid, in place of the adherence condition. The aim of the paper is to bring some insight into the domain of validity of the BJ condition. After a short review of some papers on the subject, we point out that the experimental conditions of BJ do not show a good separation of scales. That makes the BJ condition not transposable to different macroscopic situations. When the separation of scales is good, an intrinsic boundary condition is obtained by using the homogenization technique of multiple scale asymptotic expansions. As in the BJ condition and other theoretical works, e.g., Jäger and Mikeli? (Transp Porous media, 2009, to appear) we obtain the adherence condition of the free fluid at the first order approximation. However, the corrector to the adherence condition is \({\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon^2)}\) whereas it is \({\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon)}\) in the BJ condition, where ε is the separation of scales parameter.     

On the thrust performance of a flapping two-dimensional elliptic airfoil in a forward flight

In this paper, results of numerical and experimental studies are presented for a flapping two-dimensional (2D)elliptic airfoil in a forward flight condition at a Reynolds number of 5000.The study is motivated by the experiment of Read et al. (2003), which shows that the thrust coefficient of a 2D NACA0012 airfoil deteriorated at high flapping frequency (or Strouhal number) when the induced effective angle of attack profile ceases to be a simple harmonic function in time. As to why non-simple-harmonic profile of effective angle of attack is detrimental to thrust generation is not fully understood. The paper is an attempt to address this issue by examining the flow mechanism, including near field flow structures and the associated transient aerodynamic forces and pressure field, responsible for the observed behavior. Our results show that thrust suppression can be attributed to an adverse suction effect due to high rotation rate of the airfoil and the presence of an attached leading edge vortex generated in the previous stroke. The results further show that the condition for best efficiency need not necessary coincides with the condition of best thrust performance; this observation has been made in past studies of flapping flight.     

A group representation of canonical transformation

InclassicalmechanicsaphasespaceofZsdimensionsisdefinedasthatwhichisconstructedofsgeneralizedcoordinatesandsgeneralizedmomenta.IntheZs-dilllellsionsphasespace,whentileformofHamiltoniancanonicalequationsismy;lriable,HamiltonianfullctionH(q.,P.'t)ofasystemistransformedtoK(Q.'Pa't),wherethea=l,2....,s;theq.andQ.aregelleralizedcoordinates,thePaandPnaregeneralizedmomenta,tileItime.ThetransformedconditionisoneofthefourformsofLagendretransformationsasf'Ollows,whereFI,F2,F3andF4arecalledgenerat…     

On preconditioning a nonsingular matrix

For a nonsingular n by n matrix A, a diagonal matrix D^* is derived which minimizes an upper bound on the spectral condition number of DA. Replacement of the linear system Ax=c with the prescaled system D^*Ax=D^*c requires about 3n² operations for dense matrices and fewer for sparse, banded matrices and is recommended for the conjugate gradient and other methods of solution. Examples are given showing the advantageous effect of prescaling on condition number, and a simple computational algorithm is presented. The extension to nondiagonal scaling matrices is discussed.     

弹性力学混合状态方程的弱形式及其边值问题

导出了弹性力学混合状态方程和边界条件弱形式的统一方程，此法使函数的选择无需事先完全满足边界条件，对于各种不同的边值问题可以用统一形式处理，这使得求解弹性力学问题的形式得以扩大和统一