结合有限元和机器学习优化镍金属纳米多孔结构的有效杨氏模量

纳米多孔材料相比于其宏观块材具有许多优异而独特的性能．纳米材料的这些性能来源于其特征尺寸及几何形状．因此，通过改变纳米多孔结构实现对其性能的有效调控可以促进它们的实际应用．本文基于表面本征应力模型和分子动力学模拟结果，构建纳米多孔结构的宏观模型，对镍金属纳米多孔结构的力学变形进行了有限元模拟，计算不同镍金属纳米多孔结构由于韧带表面应力产生的初始应变，并进一步计算其有效杨氏模量．为实现纳米多孔结构力学性能的优化，建立基于高斯过程的代理模型，该模型可以对构型的有效杨氏模量进行高精度预测，与有限元相比实现了7个数量级的加速计算．最后使用该模型对全设计域结构的有效杨氏模量进行预测，得到杨氏模量最大的构型并进行了有限元验证．本工作实现了纳米多孔结构的跨尺度模拟，并利用代理模型大幅提高了计算效率，为具有优异性能的纳米多孔材料的优化设计提供了方法框架．     

关节软骨两相多孔介质非线性模型的有限元方法

基于混合物理论的两相多孔介质模型可以准确描述关节软骨的力学行为，关节软骨的渗透率与固体相体积应变相关。本文研究这一模型的非线性有限元法。具体采用伽辽金加权残值法得到有限元平衡方程，编制了有限元程序，进而对关节软骨围限压缩蠕变和应力松弛行为进行了数值模拟。与视渗透率为常数的线性模型的计算结果比较表明，在变形较大时，渗透率随固体相体积应变变化这一非线性效应不容忽视。     

基于统计损伤理论的冻土蠕变本构模型研究

假定冻土粘塑性微元损伤符合修进的莫尔-库仑准则,损伤变量服从Weibull随机概型分布;基于热力学原理和统计损伤理论,通过推导得到了相关联流动法则下的蠕变损伤耦合本构方程.为了便于研究冻土蠕变和损伤的耦合作用,将提出的本构模型,通过用户子程序嵌入到有限元程序中.最后,对冻土中桩基承载力模型试验进行了数值模拟,结果表明:基于统计损伤理论的冻土蠕变本构模型能较好的模拟冻土蠕变变形的全过程,并且与实测蠕变变形十分吻合,该模型对冻土结构物长期稳定性分析和工程预测具有重要参考意义.     

宝钢300吨转炉的有限元强度分析

本文应用有限元方法,在微型计算机上,对宝钢从日本引进的300吨转炉的炉壳和开孔炉底,进行了比较详尽的强度分析。其计算结果与实测和有关文献作了比较,结论是可信的。     

光滑拉伸试件中不同初始形状孔洞长大的有限元模拟

本文对具有不同硬化指数（ｎ＝０．０５，ｎ＝０．１，ｎ＝０．２）的幂硬化材料的光滑拉伸试样的拉伸变形过程进行了有限元模拟，通过有限元计算和经Ｂｒｉｄｇｍａｎ修正分别得到了试样变形过程中心部应力三维度随应变的变化情况；在此基础上运用控制体胞宏观应力三维度的方法，对含不同初始形状孔洞的体胞模型进行了有限元分析，计算结果表明：（１）孔洞初始形状和材料硬化特性对试样的拉伸破坏过程有重要影响；（２）Ｂｒｉｄｇ     

改进的Bingham岩石蠕变模型研究

传统Bingham模型只能模拟岩石的瞬时弹性变形和稳态蠕变变形,不能模拟岩石蠕变全过程。为了克服这方面的不足,首先定义一个非线性函数来模拟岩石的衰减蠕变变形,基于Harris函数建立一个带时间触发的非线性损伤黏性体,与传统Bingham模型进行串联,从而建立一个新的非线性蠕变模型,根据塑性力学原理推导了一维和三维蠕变方程。利用1stOpt通用的全局优化算法,对前人所做的蠕变试验数据进行模型验证和参数辨识,同时基于理论曲线对模型参数进行敏感性分析。结果表明,该模型曲线与蠕变试验曲线具有较高的吻合度,在相同时刻,岩石蠕变变形量均随参数的增大而增大;模型曲线对参数n的敏感性要高于对参数m。该模型可为开展类似研究工作提供一定的参考。     

基于ANSYS二次开发进行黏弹性结构动力学分析

弹性-黏弹性复合结构目前在结构减振方面应用很广泛,但是现有的有限元分析软件系统尚不能有效地计算这种复合结构．因此对ANSYS进行二次开发,利用ANSYS进行前处理与建模,再利用外挂程序进行模态计算,最后将结果返回ANSYS进行后处理．将理论计算结果与实验结果进行比较,说明这种方法是可行的,计算精度满足要求．在此基础上,还对一体化有限元模型进行了修正,也取得了令人满意的结果．     

涡轮叶片蠕变全过程的修正Graham模型的参数识别

针对定向凝固镍基合金制造的航空发动机涡轮叶片,从涡轮叶片典型部位取材并设计制造模拟试件,在980℃下不同应力水平下进行单轴蠕变试验。对试验数据进行了唯象学的数学描述,并对ANSYS有限元分析软件中Graham蠕变模型进行了修正,使修正后的模型能够比较精确地描述单轴蠕变的全过程。并应用修正Graham模型对试验过程进行数值模拟,研究表明ANSYS有限元模拟蠕变的结果和试验数据吻合较好。这说明了修正Graham模型模拟单轴蠕变过程的合理性,该模型在一定程度上为ANSYS在金属材料蠕变分析方面的二次开发提供了理论基础。     

基于MFC的结构静态形状控制研究

宏纤维复合材料MFC(Macro Fiber Composite)具有体积小、主动控制适用性强、作动效果好等特点。本文开展了宏纤维复合材料MFC对结构静态形状主动控制研究。建立了悬臂梁结构有限元模型,并采用载荷比拟法计算得到了MFC压电作动器的驱动载荷。基于数值分析结果,搭建了悬臂梁结构主动控制实验平台,分析了不同加载电压下的悬臂梁的弯曲变形效果,进而分析MFC结构在静态形状控制中的力学性能。数值仿真和实验结果表明:在不同的静态电压加载下,结构的变形和加载电压近似呈线性关系;仿真和实验结果对比中呈现出较好的一致性,其最大位移误差为12.45%。最后讨论了MFC压电作动器自身时间蠕变特性对静态变形控制实验结果产生的影响,结果表明在大电压作用下MFC材料存在蠕变效应,在实际使用过程中需要关注。本文采用以悬臂梁为载体的实验和仿真研究方法对在其他横观各向同性材料的压电材料力学性能分析具有普遍适用性。     

晶体塑性变形离散滑移模型及有限元分析

基于韧性单晶体实验现象，建立了描述晶体塑性变形的离散滑移模型．该模型的主要特点是：晶体滑移变形在宏观上是不均匀的，滑移带的分布是离散的．利用晶体塑性理论对模型进行了有限变形有限元分析，计算结果揭示了晶体滑移的离散行为，模拟的应力 应变曲线与实验曲线相吻合     

Geometrically non-linear transient analysis of laminated,doubly curved shells

A dynamic, shear deformation theory of a doubly curved shell is used to develop a finite element for geometrically non-linear (in the von Karman sense) transient analysis of laminated composite shells. The element is employed to determine the transient response of spherical and cylindrical shells with various boundary conditions and loading. The effect of shear deformation and geometric non-linearity on the transient response is investigated. The numerical results presented here for transient analysis of laminated composite shells should serve as references for future investigations.     

Finite element formulation for active functionally graded thin-walled structures

For the analysis and design process of smart structures with integrated piezoelectric patches, the finite element method provides an effective simulation approach. In this paper, an attempt on modeling and simulation of the behavior of hybrid active structures is carried out using developed Kirchhoff-type-four-node shell element.The finite element results are compared with reference solutions taking into account the electromechanical responses of smart structures with various geometries, and the results show very high agreement. The main aspect of the application of the proposed element is to predict the behavior of FGM shells containing piezoelectric layers. A set of numerical analyses is performed in order to highlight the applicability and effectiveness of the present finite element model, notably for smart FGM structures. A comprehensive parametric study is conducted to show the influence of material composition, the placement and the thickness of the piezoelectric layers on the deformation of the laminated structure.     

Novel shear deformation model for moderately thick and deep laminated composite conoidal shell

This article presents a novel mathematical model for moderately thick and deep laminated composite conoidal shell. The zero transverse shear stress at top and bottom of conoidal shell conditions is applied. Novelty in the present formulation is the inclusion of curvature effect in displacement field and cross curvature effect in strain field. This present model is suitable for deep and moderately thick conoidal shell. The peculiarity in the conoidal shell is that due to its complex geometry, its peak value of transverse deflection is not at its center like other shells. The C¹ continuity requirement associated with the present model has been suitably circumvented. A nine-node curved quadratic isoparametric element with seven nodal unknowns per node is used in finite element formulation of the proposed mathematical model. The present model results are compared with experimental, elasticity, and numerical results available in the literature. This is the first effort to solve the problem of moderately thick and deep laminated composite conoidal shell using parabolic transverse shear strain deformation across the thickness of conoidal shell. Many new numerical problems are solved for the static study of moderately thick and deep laminated composite conoidal shell considering 10 different practical boundary conditions, four types of loadings, six different hl/hh (minimum rise/maximum rise) ratios, and four different laminations.     

Enhancing the optimization of material distributions in composite structures using gradient architectures

Many structural components encounter service conditions and hence, material performance requirements, which vary from location to location within the component resulting in a composite structure. It has been shown that abrupt transitions in material properties within a composite structure can cause concentrations of deformation, which are mitigated by gradually varying the microstructure and/or composition of materials in a gradient architecture. Structural optimization techniques, such as the homogenization method, have yet to take full advantage of gradient architectures. Many of these structural optimization techniques employ robust mathematical techniques, such as genetic algorithms (GAs), with finite element simulations to optimize material distributions in composite structures through computationally intensive stochastic, global explorations of the design search space defined by a multitude of design variables associated with the discrete representation of the composite structure. Using gradient architectures, it is demonstrated that GAs can be enhanced for composite structures by constraining the design search space through a reduction in the number of design variables, thereby substantially reducing the computational effort. For more complex material distributions, a “material gradient optimization method” is proposed that produces multiple gradient architecture constraints with more optimal solutions than obtained without using these constraints, but whose uniqueness will be dependent upon the number of layers used in the finite element simulations.     

板桁结构考虑局部屈曲空间计算的横向条带板段单元法

用有限个横向条带法构造了板桁组合结构板段考虑局部屈曲的空间位移模式。基于三维连续体的虚功增量方程,导出了横向条带板段单元的ＵＬ列式,并考虑了板段单元位形变化的影响。此计算方法自由度少,计算精度高,能用于大型板桁结构的几何非线性分析。文末计算了广东西江桥板桁组合结构模型梁,计算结果与实测结果吻合较好。     

Materially and geometrically non-linear woven composite micro-mechanical model with failure for finite element simulations

A computational micro-mechanical material model of woven fabric composite material is developed to simulate failure. The material model is based on repeated unit cell approach. The fiber reorientation is accounted for in the effective stiffness calculation. Material non-linearity due to the shear stresses in the impregnated yarns and the matrix material is included in the model. Micro-mechanical failure criteria determine the stiffness degradation for the constituent materials. The developed material model with failure is programmed as user-defined sub-routine in the LS-DYNA finite element code with explicit time integration. The code is used to simulate the failure behavior of woven composite structures. The results of finite element simulations are compared with available test results. The model shows good agreement with the experimental results and good computational efficiency required for finite element simulations of woven composite structures.     

短柱型复合材料加筋壁板轴向压缩破坏分析方法研究

复合材料加筋结构可作为航空结构中的承力部件,其损伤与破坏对航空器的结构安全和服役性能至关重要．本文通过试验和数值仿真手段研究了短柱型复合材料结构压缩失效机理和极限承载力．通过短柱型单加筋板的轴向压缩破坏试验,分析梳理出界面脱粘和材料压溃两种典型失效形式;分别建立加筋板壳单元模型和实体单元模型,引入内聚力模型和Hashin 准则描述界面脱粘效应与材料破坏,结果表明壳单元模型配合内聚力模型和Hashin 准则可以有效地预测加筋板的极限承载力．分别讨论了加筋板长度、筋条高度、筋条/蒙皮刚度比等参数对加筋板的屈曲承载力的影响,为短柱型复合材料加筋壁板压缩损伤与破坏预测分析提供有益的参考．     

材料三维微结构表征及其晶体塑性有限元模拟

材料的力学性能，尤其是在有限变形下所呈现的宏观各向异性，是材料结构设计和服役寿命考虑的关键因素。由于宏观模型不能较好地反映材料微观结构（晶粒的形貌和取向等）对宏观塑性各向异性的影响，因此，本文建立了能实际反映晶粒形貌的三维Voronoi模型，并基于晶体塑性理论对铝合金在有限变形下的响应进行计算。首先，建立反映材料微结构的代表性体积单元RVE模型进行计算，并与实验结果进行对比验证。然后，以单向拉伸为例，分析了有限变形过程中试件的晶粒形貌和取向分布等微观因素对宏观各向异性演化的影响，并从材料和结构两个层面讨论了微观结构对宏观力学性能的影响。结果表明，本文模型能够反映微观结构对宏观力学性能的影响，为实际生产制造领域构件的力学性能提供可靠的预测。