人行荷载下梁式结构振动分析的DQ-IQ混合法

为了评估人行荷载作用下梁式结构的振动舒适度,利用微分求积-积分求积,即DQ-IQ混合法求解移动荷载作用下梁的振动响应。人行荷载作用下梁式结构的振动控制方程是含Dirac函数的偏微分方程,首先利用IQ法离散与时间相关的Dirac函数,再利用DQ法把控制方程转化为二阶常系数微分方程,最后利用Newmark算法求解微分方程。以某钢结构连廊为例,利用DQ法计算结构自振频率并与解析解进行对比,结果验证了节点选取和边界条件施加的合理性,再利用DQ-IQ混合法和振型叠加法分别计算了不同行走步频下连廊的响应,计算结果表明,DQ-IQ混合法具有较高的可靠性和精确性。DQ-IQ混合法也可以推广到诸如车辆荷载作用下路面或桥梁的动力响应等其他移动荷载下结构的振动分析。     

梁式结构受移动荷载作用非平稳随机振动的DQ-PEM方法

针对梁式结构受移动荷载作用的非平稳随机振动问题,提出了一种综合利用微分求积法和虚拟激励法DQ-PEM的新方法。梁式结构受移动荷载作用的振动控制方程为含Dirac函数的偏微分方程,利用微分求积(DQ)-积分求积法(IQ)法将其振动控制方程转化为不含Dirac函数的常微分方程。同时,将表示荷载位置变化的Dirac函数视为移动荷载的非平稳化函数,再结合虚拟激励法的思想,可得梁式结构在确定性荷载作用下的虚拟响应,进而得到其非平稳随机响应。通过工程算例验证了该方法的准确性与有效性,并进一步讨论了不同速度和不同边界条件下梁式结构受移动荷载作用的随机振动问题。     

集中载荷作用下梯度复合材料梁的小波-微分求积法分析

将梯度复合材料梁作为平面应力问题处理,采用小波和微分求积混合法,对集中荷载作用下结构的响应进行了分析.考虑材料特性参数沿高度方向呈梯度分布,在该方向上采用广义微分求积法进行离散;鉴于广义微分求积法求解集中荷载问题精度不高的缺点,在梁的长度方向上引入对突变信号敏感的小波插值函数.数值计算表明,小波-微分求积混合法不仅保留了广义微分求积法高效的优点,而且能够很好地模拟结构局部化特征.     

基于小波微分求积法的薄板弯曲分析

利用小波微分求积法(WDQM)对任意荷载作用下的薄板弯曲问题进行了求解分析。数值算例表明,小波微分求积法与一般的DQ法相比具有很好的适用性,特别是薄板受集中荷载或不连续分布荷载作用时,由于小波基函数的紧支撑特性与其对突变信号良好的描述能力,WDQ法的精度明显优于一般的DQ法,具有良好的应用前景。     

梁的纵向与横向耦合振动的动力学分析

研究了梁发生纵向与横向耦合振动时的非线性动力学行为.从梁的基本方程出发,利用Galerkin截断得到了梁含二次非线性项和三次非线性项的运动微分方程,并通过多尺度法对控制方程进行摄动求解得出了梁纵向模态和横向模态之间产生的内共振.然后对内共振条件下的梁进行了分析和数值模拟,分别讨论了纵向和横向荷载作用下结构的动力学特征.分析表明一定条件下梁存在能量在振动模态间传递的饱和现象,并且某些参数组合下纵向和横向振动之间存在相互耦合的无周期响应现象,从而引起梁结构的大幅振动.     

混合微分求积法在功能梯度材料平板柱形弯曲问题中的应用

利用混合微分求积法,对任意荷载作用下不同材料梯度分布的功能梯度材料平板柱形弯曲问题进行了分析。针对广义微分求积法求解集中荷载问题精度不高的缺点,本文利用小波微分求积法进行了改进。由于小波对突变信号具有良好的自适应描述能力,因此在平板宽度方向上,利用小波微分求积法可以有效地处理集中荷载;而在材料梯度变化的板厚方向上,则利用广义微分求积法计算量小且精度高的特点进行离散计算。计算表明,混合微分求积法不仅保留了广义微分求积法高效的特点,而且能有效地求解任意荷载作用的问题。通过算例,分析了在机械荷载作用下,材料不同梯度形式、平板上下表面材料性质差异对功能梯度平板结构响应的影响。     

预应力混凝土梁桥在移动荷载作用下的动力响应分析

建立预应力钢筋混凝土等直梁强迫振动的运动微分方程,分析了梁在预应力钢筋作用下的横向振动问题.将运动微分方程解耦,得到梁在预应力作用下自振频率的解析解以及梁振动时的动力响应.分析了梁的自振频率与预应力和偏心距的关系.通过实例计算,得到了关于不同速度移动荷载车辆作用下梁的动力挠度曲线,并给出了考虑预应力和不考虑预应力时梁的动力效应比较.结果表明:随着车辆荷载移动速度的增大,梁的动力挠度随之增大;考虑预应力时梁的动力效应略有降低.     

轴向力作用任意不连续梁自由振动分析的广义函数解

摘要：首先运用分布理论建立了轴向力作用下含多个不连续点的欧拉梁的自由振动的统一微分方程。不连续点的影响由广义函数（Dirac delta函数）引入梁的振动方程。微分方程运用Laplace变换方法求解;与传统方法不同的是,本文方法适用于含任意类型的不连续点和多种不连续点组合情况的梁,求得的模态函数为整个不连续梁的一般解。由于模态函数的统一化以及连续条件的退化,特征值的求解得到了极大的简化。最后,以轴向力作用下多跨梁—弹簧质量块系统模型为例验证了本文方法的正确性与有效性。     

变截面弹性直杆纵振动分析的小波——DQ法

在经典微分求积(DQ)法基础上, 根据多分辨分析理论, 以尺度函数为基础构造插 值基函数, 形成了新的微分方程边值问题的求解方法------小波--DQ法, 并应用该方法分析了变截面弹性直杆的纵振动问题, 给出了其频率方程, 计算出了不同参数下固 支--固支, 自由--自由楔形直杆和锥形直杆的固有频率, 数值结果表明该方法是一个简单易行高精度的方法, 该方法可以推广应用于其他力学问题的数值分析.     

确定性载荷作用下Timoshenko薄壁梁的弯扭耦合动力响应

建立了一种普遍的解析理论用于求解确定性载荷作用下Timoshenko薄壁梁的弯扭耦合动力响应。首先通过直接求解单对称均匀Timoshenko薄壁梁单元弯扭耦合振动的运动偏微分方程，给出了计算其自由振动的精确方法，并导出了Timoshenko弯扭耦合薄壁梁自由振动主模态的正交条件。然后利用简正模态法研究了确定性载荷作用下单对称Timoshenko薄壁梁的弯扭耦合动力响应，该弯扭耦合梁所受到的荷载可以是集中载荷或沿着梁长度分布的分布载荷。最后假定确定性载荷是谐波变化的，得到了各种激励下封闭形式的解，并对动力弯曲位移和扭转位移的数值结果进行了讨论。     

梁长对移动荷载下梁响应影响研究

本文研究了梁跨长对移动荷载下梁稳态响应的影响．在以往的研究中,通常采用Galerkin 方法或者有限元方法计算不同长度的梁的动力响应．当梁长的增加不再明显改变梁的动力响应时,可认为梁此时的长度可以代替无穷长时的情况．采用上述方法的研究表明,当梁长大于10 m 时,就可以用有限长梁近似无限长梁的响应．本文通过求解有限长梁和无限长梁在移动荷载下的动力响应比较分析发现,上述结论在某些参数下并不成立．本文给出了能否使10 m 长梁来近似模拟无限长梁的具体判据．本文是对结构力学教材中梁结构振动计算问题的进一步分析和讨论,所得结论有助于更深入地理解移动荷载作用下有限长梁的响应以及梁结构影响线问题．     

Transverse vibrations of prestressed continuous beams on rigid supports under the action of moving bodies

The main objective of the paper is to investigate the dynamic response of the prestressed beams on rigid supports to moving concentrated loads. The governing equation of the transverse vibration of a prestressed continuous beam under the ununiformly distributed load is analytically formulated, taking into account the effect of the prestressing. The forced transverse vibration of the beam under the action of a large number of moving bodies has been investigated by using the method of substructures. In addition, the reaction forces at every rigid supports can be determined from the obtained differential equations. A comparison between the numerical results for the prestressed and the non-prestressed beam is presented to show the influence of the prestressing and the moving velocity of the bodies on the dynamic response of the beam. The calculating results are also examined and validated by experimental measurements at a large ferroconcrete bridge in Vietnam.     

考虑恒载效应的拱形梁静力近似解

应用虚功原理,推导了考虑恒载效应影响时拱形梁在活载作用下的非线性微分方程,得到了方程的近似闭合解。根据方程的解,讨论了恒载大小及结构自身刚度(矢高、跨度、惯性矩及惯性半径等)不同因素在考虑恒载效应时对拱形梁静力特性的影响。通过与Takabatake得到的直梁解析解结果及作者在其他文献提出的有限元方法对拱形梁分析结果的比较,验证了本文非线性微分方程及其求解公式。结果表明,本文给出的非线性微分方程对于拱形梁和直线梁具有通用性,初始恒载的存在减小了拱形梁在活载作用下的静力反应,这种影响与恒载的大小及结构自身的刚度有关,对轻型结构的设计提出了一些建议。     

Effects of rotary inertia on sub- and super-critical free vibration of an axially moving beam

The most important issue in the vibration study of an engineering system is dynamics modeling. Axially moving continua is often discussed without the inertia produced by the rotation of the continua section. The main goal of this paper is to discover the effects of rotary inertia on the free vibration characteristics of an axially moving beam in the sub-critical and super-critical regime. Specifically, an integro-partial-differential nonlinear equation is modeled for the transverse vibration of the moving beam based on the generalized Hamilton principle. Then the effects of rotary inertia on the natural frequencies, the critical speed, post-buckling vibration frequencies are presented. Two kinds of boundary conditions are also compared. In super-critical speed range, the straight configuration of the axially moving beam loses its stability. The buckling configurations are derived from the corresponding nonlinear static equilibrium equation. Then the natural frequencies of the post-buckling vibration of the super-critical moving beam are calculated by using local linearization theory. By comparing the critical speed and the vibration frequencies in the sub-critical and super-critical regime, the effects of the inertia moment due to beam section rotation are investigated. Several interesting phenomena are disclosed. For examples, without rotary inertia, the study overestimates the stability of the axially moving beam. Moreover, the relative differences between the super-critical fundamental frequencies of the two theories may increase with an increasing beam length.     

The influence of the axial force on the vibration of the Euler–Bernoulli beam with an arbitrary number of cracks

The exact closed-form solution for the vibration modes and the eigen-value equation of the Euler–Bernoulli beam-column in the presence of an arbitrary number of concentrated open cracks is proposed. The solution is provided explicitly as functions of four integration constants only, to be determined by the standard boundary conditions. The enforcement of the boundary conditions leads the exact evaluation of the vibration frequencies as well as the buckling load of the beam-column and the corresponding eigen-modes. Furthermore, the presented solution allows a comprehensive evaluation of the influence of the axial load on the modal parameters of the beam. The cracks, which are not subjected to the closing phenomenon, are modelled as a sequence of Dirac’s delta generalised functions in the flexural stiffness. The eigen-mode governing equation is formulated over the entire domain of the beam without enforcement of any further continuity condition. The influence of the axial load on the vibration modes of beam-columns with different number and position of cracks, under different boundary conditions, has been analysed by means of the proposed closed-form expressions. The presented parametric analysis highlights some abrupt changes of the eigen-modes and the corresponding frequencies.     

Internal-external resonance of beams on non-linear viscoelastic foundation traversed by moving load

Vibration of a finite Euler–Bernoulli beam, supported by non-linear viscoelastic foundation traversed by a moving load, is studied and the Galerkin method is used to discretize the non-linear partial differential equation of motion. Subsequently, the solution is obtained for different harmonics using the Multiple Scales Method (MSM) as one of the perturbation techniques. Free vibration of a beam on non-linear foundation is investigated and the effects of damping and non-linear stiffness of the foundation on the responses are examined. Internal-external resonance condition is then stated and the frequency responses of different harmonics are obtained by MSM. Different conditions of the external resonance are studied and a parametric study is carried out for each case. The effects of damping and non-linear stiffness of the foundation as well as the magnitude of the moving load on the frequency responses are investigated. Finally, a thorough local stability analysis is performed on the system.     

Assessment of shunted piezoelectric devices for simultaneous noise and vibration reduction: comparison of passive,active and hybrid networks

Structural vibration and noise control of a cavity-backed three-layered smart piezo-coupled rectangular panel system under harmonic or transient loads is achieved by using purely active, passive, and hybrid active/passive piezoelectric shunt networks. Problem formulation is based on the classical lamination plate theory, Maxwell’s equation for piezoelectric materials, linear circuit theory, and wave equation for the enclosed acoustic domain. The orthogonal mode expansions along with the modal coupling theory are employed to obtain the coupled differential equations of the electro-mechanical-acoustic system, which are then put into the convenient state-space form, and subsequently solved numerically in both frequency and time domains. A triple-mode hybrid RLC shunt circuit, in series with an external active voltage source and connected to a single electroded piezoelectric segment, is tuned to the dominant resonance frequencies of the composite structure. The linear quadratic optimal control (LQR) theory is adopted for obtaining the active control gains. The frequency and time domain performances of the passive, active and hybrid multi-modal piezoelectric systems are calculated and discussed in terms of sensor output voltage, local sound pressure, and control effort. It is found that the hybrid control methodology with properly tuned circuit parameters can be an excellent candidate for simultaneous vibration and structure-borne noise control of the cavity-coupled smart panel with decreased control effort. Also, the active control strategy integrated in the hybrid control system is demonstrated to enhance the overall system damping characteristics and improve the control authority at frequencies where the passive shunt network performs weakly. Limiting cases are considered and correctness of the mathematical model is verified by using a commercial finite element software as well as by comparisons with the literature.