钻孔法测量残余应力的现状

一、钻孔法的基本原理零件表面总可以看成是主应力为σ_1,σ_2的二向残余应力状态,见图1.如果在测量处钻一个直径为α的小孔,就成为二向应力状态下的孔边应力集中问题.预先在孔边粘贴应变片测出应变数值后,就可以由弹性理论公式算出残余应力σ_1,σ_2的数值。通常在0°,45°,90°三个方向粘贴应变片,见图2.图中角是0°方向的应变片与主应      

云纹干涉与钻孔法测量残余应力的实验方法与系统

应变片钻孔法是工程中应用最广的残余应力测量方法之一，由于应变片只能得到其长度范围内的平均应变，测量误差比较大，本文提出用云纹干涉法测量的位移信息代替应变片测量的应变信息来确定残余应力，用有限元建立位移与残余应力之间的关系，基于以上理论，开发了一种可以进行现场残余应力测量的便携式云纹干涉钻孔系统，并用该仪器进行了铝合金激光焊接接头的残余应力测量，得到了焊缝中心残余应力值。     

钻孔偏心时残余应力的数值逼近解(兼答王家勇同志)

<正> 在文[1]中笔者通过引入偏心参数 c、β导出了求钻孔偏心时残余应力的计算公式,并指出用逼近法求残余应力的方法.本文就数值逼近中的几个问题阐述如下.1.二次搜索逼近法根据公式中(?)的选定方向,取搜索区域为90°～     

云纹干涉与钻孔法测量搅动摩擦焊接头的残余应力

搅动摩擦焊是90年代出现的一种新型焊接技术,特别适用于熔化焊接性差的有色金属等材料.搅动摩擦焊接头的残余应力分别具有高应力梯度的特点,传统的应变片钻孔法不能满足测量要求.本文结合云纹干涉法与钻孔法的技术,得到了铝合金薄板搅拌摩擦焊接头残余应力沿深度和沿垂直焊缝方向的分布.     

云纹／光栅测试技术的几点讨论

本文用信号处理的方法系统地阐述了云纹／光栅测试技术。以面内云纹／光栅测试为例，首先说明了光栅是位移和变形信息的空间载体；位移和应变分别是对载体的相位和频率调制；而云纹现象则是试件栅频谱向零频处平移的结果或说云纹是对光栅载体信号解调的过程；进而讨论了云纹技术与光栅技术的本质区别。其次分析了云纹／光栅测试系统的性能，讨论了条纹分析方法及数字图象处理手段对云纹／光栅系统的测试精度、灵敏度、空间分辨率的影响。     

云纹干涉法研究复合材料构件的应力强度因子

本文采用贴片云纹干涉法，测试并研究了正交异性板纯弯试件及拉伸试件的应力强度因子。文中给出了复合材料纤维加强方向不同时位移与应力强度因子的关系式，通过测试得出受力模型的全场位移，给出云纹图，进而由裂纹尖端位移场推算出应力强度因子Ｋ１及Ｋ值。试验结果与有限元计算结果吻合良好。     

相移云纹干涉法与盲孔法相结合检测复合材料的残余应力

本文应用相移云纹干涉法与盲孔法相结合检测纤维增强复合材料的残余应力。盲孔法是工程中被广泛应用的测定残余应力的方法之一,相移云纹干涉方法可得到孔边任意一点的位移信息。由于正交各向异性复合材料在弹性主方向不发生拉剪(或剪拉)耦合效应,所以通过适当读取孔边特殊点的位移,可方便地得到残余应力值。     

遥测自动云纹引伸仪——实时位移测量系统

云纹法是一种新的位移场或应变场测试技术，本文采用云纹法论述的遥测自动云纹引伸仪系统包括云纹引伸仪、位移信息转换和传输装置以及显示接收监测台。由于采用了轮形光栅从而使引伸仪突破了传统的测量限制，从理论上讲，量程可达无穷大。     

三维电子散斑干涉法在检测残余应力中的应用

本文提出一种新的大错位三维电子散斑干涉法,并将其和钻 法检测残余应力技术结合起来,其特点一是利用三个激光器,从不同的方向照射被测物体,二是在被测物附近放置一参考物,利用大错位棱镜,使物体表面的信息和参考物上的信息都进及ＣＣＤ中,可以得到与三个位移场有关的电子散斑干涉条纹图,并可以运算和分离获得独立的ｕ,ｖ和ｗ场信息,本文介绍了大错位三维电子散斑干涉法的原理、方法和系统,并将其应用于钻孔法释放残余应     

半导体器件残余应力测试与模拟研究

采用新型三维云纹干涉系统并结合盲孔释放的方法 ,研究了半导体装配底座内的残余应力 ,这种混合的方法不仅能真实测试试件因应力的释放而产生的三维变形信息 ,而且具有灵敏度高、条纹对比度好等特点。本文中 ,残余应力是通过盲孔释放获得 ,然后使用三维干涉系统来测试试件因残余应力的释放而发生的位移 ;利用有限元模拟的方法 ,精确计算了应力大小和分布情况 ,为实验研究提供了有力的支持和补充。结果表明 ,残余应力在F - 1C半导体内部分布不均匀 ,在两引脚之间的区域 ,应力比邻近区域的应力要大 ,存在一定的应力集中 ,对可伐管产生一定的挤压作用 ,这是造成半导体装配底座失效的一重要原因。     

一种基于直接计算高阶奇异积分的断裂力学双边界积分方程分析法

相对于有限元法,边界单元法在求解断裂问题上有着独特的优势,现有的边界单元法中主要有子区域法和双边界积分方程法.采用一种改进的双边界积分方程法求解二维、三维断裂问题的应力强度因子,对非裂纹边界采用传统的位移边界积分方程,只需对裂纹面中的一面采用面力边界积分方程,并以裂纹间断位移为未知量直接用于计算应力强度因子.采用一种高阶奇异积分的直接法计算面力边界积分方程中的超强奇异积分;对于裂纹尖端单元,提供了三种不同形式的间断位移插值函数,采用两点公式计算应力强度因子.给出了多个具体的算例,与现存的精确解或参考解对比,可得到高精度的计算结果.      

汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡 碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析

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2008年5月12日,汶川M80地震在四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟内诱发一巨型滑坡。通过现场调查得知,滑坡前后缘高差455m,厚度20～30m,滑面为基岩层面,初始方量2750×107m3。滑体在运动中转化为碎屑流。滑坡-碎屑流总的水平运动距离为4022m,垂直运动距离为1443m,遗留的堆积物体积达5×107m3。滑坡距映秀—北川断裂仅36km,位于其下盘,地震烈度达XI度。滑坡导致文家沟中48人遇害,并形成一条完整的地震次生地质灾害链。初步分析表明滑坡启动速度快,滑坡向碎屑流转化过程明显、地点明确。碎屑流运动过程复杂,伴有强烈的“气垫效应”和“前缘气浪冲击效应”。作者认为,文家沟滑坡的高启动速度是长持时强烈地震动作用的结果,与山体的猛烈碰撞是导致滑体解体并转化为碎屑流的原因。     

Preface: Orbits around asteroid

One of the core issues in modern celestial mechanics is the orbital dynamics in the near-regime gravitational field of as- teroids, which provides deep insights into the mathematical nature of a class of nonlinear systems, and plays as a critical basis for in situ explorations of different science goals. Lots of efforts have been made to reveal the characteristics of orbital motion in the vicinity of asteroids, and to improve the skills of asteroid research in methodology.     

Effet de l'anisotropie élastique cristalline sur la distribution des facteurs de Schmid à la surface des polycristauxInfluence of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals

Experimental studies of the plasticity mechanisms of polycrystals are usually based on the Schmid factor distribution supposing crystalline elasticity isotropy. A numerical evaluation of the effect of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on the apparent Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals is presented. Cubic elasticity is considered. Order II stresses (averaged on all grains with the same crystallographic orientation) as well as variations between averages computed on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are computed. The Finite Element Method is used. Commonly studied metals presenting an increasing anisotropy degree are considered (aluminium, nickel, austenite, copper). Concerning order II stresses in strongly anisotropic metals, the apparent Schmid factor distribution is drifted towards small Schmid factor values (the maximum Schmid factor is equal to 0.43 instead of 0.5) and the slip activation order between characteristic orientations of the crystallographic standard triangle is modified. The computed square deviations of the stresses averaged on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are a bit higher than the second order ones (inter-orientation scatter). Our numerical evaluations agree quantitatively with several observations and measures of the literature concerning stress and strain distribution in copper and austenite polycrystals submitted to low amplitude loadings. Hopefully, the given apparent Schmid factor distributions could help to better understand the observations of the plasticity mechanisms taking place at the free surface of polycrystals. To cite this article: M. Sauzay, C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Nonlinear behavior of matrix-inclusion composites under high confining pressure: application to concrete and mortar

This paper is devoted to a micromechanics-based simulation of the response of concrete to hydrostatic and oedometric compressions. Concrete is described as a composite made up of a cement matrix in which rigid inclusions are embedded. The focus is put on the role of the interface between matrix and inclusion which represent the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). A plastic behavior is considered for both the matrix and the interfaces. The effective response of the composite is derived from the modified secant method adapted to the situation of imperfect interfaces. To cite this article: T.H. Le et al., C. R. Mecanique 336 (2008).     

Dynamics and Breakup of Viscoelastic Liquids (A Review)

The phenomena of hydrodynamic breakup of liquid jets, drops, films, bridges, and filaments are reviewed for liquids with viscoelastic properties. The reasons for breakup are capillary instabilities, collisions with rigid obstacles, and other forms of dynamic action. The relationship between the properties of the liquids and the features of the breakup process is discussed.     

Flow stability analysis and excitation using pulsating jets

Classical flow stability applied to transition from laminar to turbulent flow may also describe the behavior of vorticity fluctuations created by a pulsating jet placed along a solid boundary. A numerical laminar flow experiment involving a pulsating jet placed along the surface of a duct with flow separation downstream, resulted in eliminating most part of the separated flow region. Applying the same approach to a turbulent flow, it was possible to develop a turbulent stability flow formulation and apply successfully turbulent pulsating jet flow separation control. To cite this article: D. Skamnakis, K. Papailiou, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).