有限长压电层合简支板自由振动的三维精确解

基于三维弹性理论和压电理论，导出了有限长矩形压电层合简支板的动力学方程及相应的边界条件，给出了一种求解压电层合板自由振动三维精确解的方法；分析了正、逆向压电效应对层合板振动频率的影响．本文所述的方法和结果对于求解其他三维动态问题，验证、比较其他简化模型、有限元计算结果以及工程应用都有指导意义．     

三维裂纹体应力强度因子的计算

本文采用塌缩三棱柱形奇异单元的位移计算应力强度因子，给出了一个新的全三维外推公式，它是Ｃｈｅｎ和Ｋｕａｎｇ公式〔１３〕的全三维推广，特例证明，它的精度比Ｉｎ－ｇｒａｆｆｅａ和Ｍａｎｕ的公式〔８〕高一阶。数值计算表明，结果稳定和对单元尺寸改变不敏感     

三维裂纹问题的高精度数值解法

提出了一种求解三维均质弹性体中任意形状平片裂纹问题超奇异积分方程组的Chebyshev多项式数值解法。数值计算结果表明：文中方法不仅收敛快，而且精度高。     

考虑闭合效应和三维应力约束的表面裂纹扩展模拟

假定承受Ⅰ型常幅载荷下的表面裂纹在扩展中的形状保持为半椭圆,利用Newman半椭圆表面裂纹应力强度因子公式计算应力强度因子。提出了等效厚度的概念,利用穿透直裂纹的研究结果,考虑表面裂纹扩展中塑性致闭和三维应力约束效应。基于Elber模型建立了三维表面裂纹扩展模型。数值模拟了表面裂纹扩展过程,研究了裂纹形状变化及规律,计算了裂纹扩展寿命。将计算结果与有关试验结果进行了对比,吻合较好。     

单向轴压条件下内置椭圆三维裂纹扩展无网格方法的研究

根据三维裂纹前沿局部坐标系中主法平面内的周向应力计算公式,可以确定主法平面内的最大周向应力σθ,并由最大周向拉应力裂纹破裂准则确定裂隙岩体的破裂载荷和裂纹的破裂方向以及破裂步长。在三维无网格方法的节点的影响域中,选择合适的节点密度,以确保计算精度,并对单向轴压条件下内置三维裂纹扩展进行了数值模拟研究。根据数值计算结果,分析了破裂载荷、裂纹扩展角和扩展步长,揭示了内置三维裂纹的破裂过程,结合插值法清楚地展示了三维裂纹的破裂曲面形态。研究结果表明,针对三维裂纹破裂过程和破裂曲面形态无网格方法数值计算结果与FLAC-3D计算结果和试验结果吻合较好。     

三维相移电子散斑干涉法在柴油机机身中的应用

本文通过一新的三维电子散斑干涉方法，结合四步相移技术和图象处理技术，从三幅全场散斑位相条纹图分离出独立的u、υ、w场位移。测量系统的特点是用三个激光器作为光源，一个PZT相移器推动三个反射镜产生参考光并实现相移以及CCD摄像机前放置大错位剪切镜。将该测量系统应用到柴油机机身部件测量上，得到了机身主轴承孔周的三维位移场，并将此结果作为有限元计算的边界条件，得到了精确的柴油机机身计算结果，证明这一新技术可为柴油机零部件的强度和刚度分析评价提供一种十分有效的方法。     

考虑疲劳裂纹扩展三维效应的James—Anderson修正方法

James-Anderson方法是一种借助材料疲劳裂纹扩展速率性能来确定三维裂纹应力强度因子的重要实验方法。本文对James-Anderson方法中的疲劳裂纹扩展三维效应进行了分析，并对其进行修正。修正后的James-Anderson方法考虑了疲劳裂纹扩展中由于应力状态而引起的三维效应。研究结果表明：和James-Anderson方法相比，修正后的James-Anderson方法得到的应力强度因子和三维数值方法所得的应力强度因子更吻合。     

三维有限体中两平行裂纹干扰问题的有限部积分与边界元法

利用Ｓｏｍｉｇｌｉａｎａ公式及有限部积分的概念，导出含两平行平片裂纹三维有限体裂纹干扰问题的超奇异积分方程组，联合使用有限部积分与边界元法，建立了数值求解方法，为提高数值计算结果的精度，在裂纹前疝附近单元，采用平方根位移模型，并在此基础雌出直接计算应力强度因子的公式，最后计算若干典型例子裂纹前沿的应力强度因子。     

基于GABP的压力容器表面裂纹断裂研究

压力容器在长期运行过程中表面裂纹问题难以避免,进行基于断裂分析的安全评估对压力容器的稳定运行具有较强的现实意义.针对二维J-积分理论难以应用于表面半椭圆裂纹,数值模拟耗时冗长的问题,论文提出一种采用三维J-积分量化压力容器表面裂纹尖端应力强度,再结合神经网络进行预测的安全评估方法.通过有限元方法计算了1200例不同几何尺寸、裂纹尺寸和内压载荷的含表面裂纹的压力容器问题,分析了半椭圆裂纹尖端三维J-积分结果,构建修正系数F表征材料性能、裂纹尖端奇异性以及容器几何特征对三维J-积分的影响.基于生成的机器学习数据集,搭建反向传播神经网络(BPNN)模型,采用遗传算法优化,形成GABPNN预测模型.结果表明：BPNN和GABPNN模型预测精度高达96%以上,在未知数据上亦可以取得较为准确的结果,可以高效地预测裂纹尖端三维J-积分,对于实现计算机辅助压力容器安全性现场快速评定提供新的思路和方法.     

三维冲击荷载弹塑性弯曲裂纹张开位移

主要研究冲击载荷作用下的三维弹塑性弯曲裂纹尖端的张开位移问题．综合考虑了冲击作用应力,三维塑性区域边界上正应力与剪应力,利用二阶摄动方法计算了三维弹塑性弯曲裂纹尖端的张开位移．用数值解法计算出三维弹塑性弯曲裂纹尖端张开位移,作图分析了三维弹塑性弯曲裂纹尖端张开位移与三维裂纹体几何尺寸之间的变化关系．三维弹塑性弯曲裂纹尖端张开位移随着三维裂纹体厚度的增大而减小,随着三维裂纹体厚度的均匀增大,三维弹塑性弯曲裂纹尖端张开位移尺寸不断减小,减小的幅度越来越小,最终趋于平面应变状态下的弹塑性弯曲裂纹尖端张开位移尺寸．当三维裂纹体几何尺寸相同时,三维弯曲裂纹尖端动态张开位移随外部冲击载荷的不断增大而逐渐增大,三维弯曲裂纹尖端动态张开位移随动荷系数的增大而迅速增大,建立了一个计算三维弹塑性弯曲裂纹尖端动态张开位移的崭新理论模型．     

A new method for obtaining the exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes (NS) equations and its applications

In this paper we propose a new method for obtaining the exact solutions of the Mavier-Stokes (NS) equations for incompressible viscous fluid in the light of the theory of simplified Navier-Stokes (SNS) equations developed by the first author^[1,2], Using the present method we can find some new exact solutions as well as the well-known exact solutions of the NS equations. In illustration of its applications, we give a variety of exact solutions of incompressible viscous fluid flows for which NS equations of fluid motion are written in Cartesian coordinates, or in cylindrical polar coordinates, or in spherical coordinates. The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

On the Stokes entry flow into a semi-infinite circular cylindrical tube

The problem of Stokes entry flow into a semi-infinite circular cylindrical tube was studied in this paper. A new kind of series solutions was derived. Their evident difference from the solutions in References [1,2] is that the present solutions don ’t involve infinite integral. So they are favourable for calculation. We calculated an example by allocated method and obtained satisfied results.     

A high accurate time-domain-advance integration method for transient elastodynamic problems

All step-by-step integration methods available at present for structural dynamic analysis use the displacement, velocity, and acceleration vectors computed at a previous interval for evaluating those at an advanced time step. Hence, an accumulated error will be definitely introduced after such integration. This paper presents a novel time-domain-advance integration method for transient elastodynamic problems in which the exact initial conditions are strictly satisfied for the solutions for each time step. In this way, the accumulated error can be eliminated and the approximate solutions will converge to the exact ones uniformly on the whole time domain. Therefore, the new method is more accurate. When applying to a structural dynamic problem, the present mehtod does not have to use the initial acceleration as is required by most other algorithms and the corresponding computation can be avoided. The present method is simple in representation, easy to be programmed, and especially suitable for accurate analyses of long-time problems. The comparison of numerical results with exact ones shows that the present method is much more accurate than some most widely used algorithms.     

交错网格上应用有限谱QUICK法计算方腔流动

王健平教授提出的有限谱方法是一种局域化谱方法，具有精度高、无相位差、应用灵活等特点，在以往的实践中取得了很大成功。本文在交错网格上对二维驱动方腔流问题进行计算，求解了二维不可压缩流动的涡流流函数方程。其中微分部分采用有限谱法进行处理，对流项的处理则应用了QUICK格式。本文计算了雷诺数为1000、5000、10000、20000等多种情况，将所得的结果进行分析，并将中线上的速度分别同已有的文献数据进行对比，从而，验证有限谱微分的正确性和其在实际应用中的可行性。     

多层地基的弹塑性分析

提出了多层地基的弹塑性力学分析方法,该方法建立在严格的数学、力学基础上,所推得的泛函求解式子具有可靠、明了的特点。通过有限元离散后,归结出一个求自由变量的二次规划问题,用所设计的算法进行求解,可避开传统迭代法中反复迭代的过程,具有高效、优化等特点。此方法可用于多层地基的路面设计以及对地基工作状态进行分析。     

Study on Exact Analytical Solutions for Two Systems of Nonlinear Evolution Equations

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Elastic Equilibrium of the Half-Space Revisited. Mindlin and Boussinesq Problems

The displacement caused in an isotropic elastic half-space by a point force localized on or beneath its surface is calculated here by a new method. These classical problems are known as Boussinesq and, respectively, Mindlin problems. The motivation for the present work resides in the fact that the original solutions involve some particular procedures, required by the complexity of the boundary conditions, which may limit their general application. The solutions presented here are obtained by including in a generalized Poisson equation the values of the function and its derivatives on the boundary, and by using in-plane Fourier transforms. This method is general and can be extended to other, similar problems.     

A boundary-type finite element model for water surface wave problems

A new combinative method of boundary-type finite elements and boundary solutions is presented to study wave diffraction-refraction and harbour oscillation problems. The numerical model is based on the mild-slope equation. The key feature of this method is that the discretized matrix equation can be formulated only by the calculation of a line integral, since the interpolation equation which satisfies the governing equation in each element is used. The numerical solutions are compared with existing analytical, experimental, observed and other numerical results. The present method is shown to be an effective and accurate method for water surface wave problems.     

Characterization of strongly interacted multiple cracks in an infinite plate

Based on the Kachanov method and the alternating iteration technique, a new method is proposed to deal with the problem of the strongly interacted multiple cracks in an infinite plate. Unlike the Kachanov method which neglects the interaction of the tractions of the non-uniform components, the tractions of the non-uniform components on the surfaces of cracks are considered through the alternating technique. The accuracy and efficiency of present method are validated by comparing the results of two collinear and two parallel overlapped open the cracks obtained by the present method with those of the exact solutions, the results of the Kachanov method and the alternating iteration technique. Applications of present method in solving sliding close crack problems and evaluating the plastic zones demonstrate the versatility of present method.     

A New Method for Experimentally Quantifying Dynamic Deflection of a Cylindrical Structure

There is a present desire to experimentally acquire resolved strain and deflection along long, slender cylinders using non-visible and minimally invasive instrument techniques. This desire supports present safety related activities within the nuclear power industry. At present, no relevant technology has been demonstrated to support this function while satisfying the above requirements. This study presents and details a new method for experimentally quantifying the deflection of a cylinder experiencing both static and dynamic loads. The method applies a distributed strain fiber-optic sensor which is helically wrapped along the axial length of the cylinder. An analytic correlation is developed and detailed herein which decomposes the helical strain into both axial strain as well as transverse deflection. This newly developed experimental method is compared against analytic solutions using ideal beam theory as well as independent and proven optical methods for the purpose of verifying the new method. The outcome of this study results in a new and verified method that quantifies the deflection profile of a cylindrical structure.