拓扑缺陷对Armchair型小管径多壁碳纳米管输运性质的影响

采用密度泛函理论和非平衡格林函数方法研究了纯净的及带有不同数目的 Stone-Wale拓扑缺陷下的扶手椅型单壁,双壁和三壁小管径碳纳米管的能带结构和电子输运性质,通过计算并分析不同偏压下的微分电导和非弹性电子隧穿谱(IETS),计算结果表明单壁,双壁和三壁碳纳米管的特征偏压区间分别为[-1.0 V,1.0 V],[-0.5 V,0.5 V]和[-0.25 V,0.25 V],特征偏压区间内SW拓扑缺陷所产生的电导波动平缓,而特征偏压区间外因缺陷的数目变化所带来的电导波动显著,通过IETS谱线的分析得到单壁,双壁和三壁碳纳米管的特征峰偏压分别为±1.25 V,±0.625 V和±0.125 V.碳纳米管的特征偏压区间和IETS特征峰偏压可为较小管径碳纳米管单壁,双壁和多壁类型的区分提供一种新的途径,同时也为小管径多壁碳纳米管的输运性质在出现拓扑缺陷时的响应提供参考依据.     

拓扑缺陷对Armchair型小管径多壁碳纳米管输运性质的影响

采用密度泛函理论和非平衡格林函数方法研究了纯净的及带有不同数目的Stone-Wale拓扑缺陷下的扶手椅型单壁, 双壁和三壁小管径碳纳米管的能带结构和电子输运性质, 通过计算并分析不同偏压下的微分电导和非弹性电子隧穿谱(IETS), 计算结果表明单壁, 双壁和三壁碳纳米管的特征偏压区间分别为[-1.0V, 1.0V], [-0.5V, 0.5V] 和[-0.25V, 0.25V], 特征偏压区间内SW拓扑缺陷所产生的电导波动平缓, 而特征偏压区间外因缺陷的数目变化所带来的电导波动显著, 通过IETS谱线的分析得到单壁, 双壁和三壁碳纳米管的特征峰偏压分别为 1.25V, 0.625V和 0.125V. 碳纳米管的特征偏压区间和IETS特征峰偏压可为较小管径碳纳米管单壁, 双壁和多壁类型的区分提供一种新的途径, 同时也为小管径多壁碳纳米管的输运性质在出现拓扑缺陷时的响应提供参考依据.     

单壁碳纳米管能带及其电子特性研究

从能带理论出发,采用电子紧束缚能量色散关系,推导锯齿,扶手椅和手性单壁碳纳米管(SWCNT)的电子能带结构表达式,指出单壁碳纳米管或为金属或为半导体的判据。结果表示:单壁碳纳米管的电子结构与其几何结构密切相关,如扶手椅型单壁碳纳米管是金属性的,而对其它类型的单壁碳纳米管是与碳纳米管的手性指数有关,只有手性指数n和m的差别等于3的倍数时,单壁碳纳米管是金属性的,否则会显出有带隙的半导体特性。这意味着单壁碳纳米管是由特殊的电子传输和光学性质,在纳米电子学领域具有巨大的潜在应用价值。     

低偏压下单层碳纳米管的输运特征

系统地计算了各种手性碳纳米管最低导带的电子速度和有效质量的变化规律,在此基础上推断手性碳纳米管低偏压下的输运特征,计算表明:在低偏压电子输运时,同一系列(手性角相同)的各种手性金属碳纳米管的输运性质相同,与管径无关,但不同系列的手性金属碳纳米管的输运性质有明显区别;而同一系列的各种手性半导体型碳纳米管的输运性质有一定差异,但不同系列的手性半导体型碳纳米管的输运性质有着显著差异.这一结果说明:碳纳米管在低偏压下的输运特征与系列有着密切的关系,手性角是决定各种碳纳米管在低偏压下具有不同输运性质的最关键的几何参 关键词： 碳纳米管 手性角 电子速度 有效质量     

单壁碳纳米管电子输运特性的稳定性分析

基于变形单壁碳纳米管能量色散关系,计算了碳纳米管最低导带的电子速度及有效质量随形变系数变化的各种曲线,以此推测碳纳米管输运性质的稳定性问题.计算结果表明：对于特定类型的碳纳米管,只当其形变发生在某特定方向、且处于低形变（形变系数ε≤002 ）区时,电子平均速度v_mean及平均有效质量m^*_mean随形变改变才会很小（相对改变量≤2%）,这意味着此时的碳纳米管低偏压电子输运性能是基本稳定的.而其他形变情形,电子平均速度v_mean或电子平均有效质量m^*_mean或两者随形变变化明显,甚至有跃变,这意味着其低偏压电子输运性能是不稳定的,甚至极不稳定. 关键词： 变形单壁碳纳米管 电子速度 电子有效质量 输运性能稳定性     

钯金属吸附对半导体性碳纳米管电输运的影响

利用物理蒸发技术,在半导体性的碳纳米管上沉积钯金属,利用导电原子力显微镜检测钯吸附对碳纳米管电输运的影响.结果表明:沉积的钯在碳纳米管上形成纳米颗粒,随着钯颗粒密度的增加,半导体性碳纳米管逐渐向金属性转变.利用第一性原理计算了吸附有钯原子的半导体性单壁碳纳米管的能带结构.研究发现,钯的覆盖率越高,其禁带宽度越窄,直至为零,定性说明了实验结果的合理性. 关键词： 单壁碳纳米管 钯纳米颗粒 导电原子力显微镜 第一性原理计算     

氮掺杂手性碳纳米管的电子结构和输运特性的理论研究

运用第一性原理的密度泛函理论,结合非平衡格林函数,研究了氮原子取代掺杂手性单壁(6,3)碳纳米管的电子结构和输运特性.计算结果表明:不同构形和不同数目的氮原子取代掺杂对手性碳管的输运性质有很复杂的影响.研究发现,氮原子掺杂明显改变了碳管的电子结构,使金属型手性碳管的输运性能降低,电流-电压曲线呈非线性变化,而且输运性能随着杂质原子间间距的变化而发生显著改变.在一定条件下,金属型碳管向半导体型转变. 关键词： 手性单壁碳纳米管 氮掺杂 电子结构 输运性能     

多壁碳纳米管中的多通道弹道输运特性

借助于扫描电子显微镜中可移动金属探针的测量系统,实现了探针电极与W衬底上生长的单根多壁碳纳米管一端的完美接触.研究了单根多壁碳纳米管室温下的电输运特性,发现多壁碳纳米管具有非常高的电流承载能力.对于直径100nm的碳纳米管,其电阻为34.4Ω,流经碳纳米管的最大电流可达7.27 mA,对应的电导为 460-490G0 .这一实验结果表明,大直径的多壁碳纳米管在室温下可以实现多通道弹道输运,是未来纳电子器件与电路的理想互联导线.     

单壁碳纳米管吸附氧分子的电子输运性质理论研究

用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论和非平衡态格林函数方法对(4,4)单壁碳纳米管及其吸附氧气分子情况下的平衡态和非平衡态电导性质进行了研究. 发现在小于2 V的偏压下,系统对电压的增加呈现两种不同增长速率的电流响应,其中电压小于1.1 V时电流增加速率较大;而当电压大于该值后,电流对电压增加速率变缓. 吸附的氧分子提供双重的作用,一方面氧分子提供的能级有利于电子隧穿中心散射区;另一方面氧分子的电子态会破坏碳管的平移对称性,从而降低电子对系统的透射能力. 关键词： 单壁碳纳米管 氧分子吸附 电子输运 非平衡态格林函数     

径向双氮掺杂小口径单壁碳纳米管能带结构压缩应变响应研究

采用基于密度泛函的第一性原理方法对径向C-C键两端进行双氮原子替位掺杂的小口径锯齿型单壁碳纳米管模型进行能带结构压缩应变响应研究。径向双氮掺杂对锯齿型小口径碳纳米管能带结构产生剧烈的影响,使得能较好保持金属性的(4,0)和(5,0)碳纳米管带隙打开。内禀金属性的(3,0)和(6,0)碳纳米管带隙能够通过氮掺杂和压缩应变对其电子结构产生影响。结果表明,结合径向双氮掺杂及压缩应变两种方式能够有效地对强烈键杂化效应引发的金属小口径锯齿型单壁碳纳米管产生丰富的带隙调制行为。这在碳纳米管基纳机电系统的应用和设计上有潜在的应用价值。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.