MP-AES法测定水产饲料中多种金属元素

应用微波等离子体发射光谱(microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometry,MP-AES)技术,建立水产饲料中铜、铁、锰、锌、钾、钠等元素MP-AES分析方法。样品采用干灰化法消解,开展了方法学研究试验,同时与AAS和ICP-AES方法进行比对,并完成FAPAS能力验证样品和标准物质确证试验。通过优化MP-AES仪器的各项参数,在所选定的条件下,各元素的线性相关系数在0.999以上,检出限在0.4～3.9 mg·kg-1之间,加标回收率在103%～112%之间,精密度试验相对标准偏差在0.2%～0.6%之间;测定结果与AAS法、ICP-AES法比对,单因素方差分析(α=0.05)各元素P值在0.065～0.438之间,均大于0.05,无显著性差异;FAPAS奶牛饲料能力验证和灌木枝叶(GBW07602)标准物质确证试验的各元素测定值均在参考值范围内。结果表明,所建立的方法简单、快速,线性范围宽,具有良好的准确性和精密度;MP-AES无需使用乙炔、氩气,安全、经济、环保,能降低检测成本、提高检测效率,可替代AAS、ICP-AES法测定水产饲料中的六种金属元素,为水产饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

原子吸收光谱法和ICP-AES测定矿物中铷的比较

比较了原子吸收光谱法(AAS)和电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定经混酸溶解的矿物中的铷。结果表明:两种方法的准确度、精密度均较好。AAS测定铷检出限更低,但其测定范围窄,需要添加硫酸钾作为消电离剂,过程复杂;ICP-AES测定范围较宽,对于高含量样品无需稀释即可直接测定,过程简单,可多元素同时测定,更适合于分析大批量样品。     

扇贝微量元素的测定

以高压硝化罐消化样品,利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法和火焰原子吸收(AAS)法分别测定了扇贝中的Zn,Co,Fe,Mn,Mg,Ca,Cu,K共八种微量元素的含量, 并对两种分析方法进行了分析比较b 结果表明,ICP-AES法和AAS法测定的微量元素无显著性差异, ICP-AES稍优。方法回收率在93.3%～102.8%之间,相对标准偏差均小于1.60%。扇贝含有丰富对人体有益微量元素,不但味道鲜美,而且可以补充人体所必需的微量元素。     

白玉蜗牛微量元素的测定方法研究

以高压硝化罐硝化样品,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法和火焰原子吸收(AAS)法分别测定了白玉蜗牛中的Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Cu,Co六种微量元素的含量, 并对两种分析方法进行分析比较, 结果表明,ICP-AES法和AAS法测定的微量元素无显著性差异。 方法回收率在92.4%～103.0%之间,相对标准偏差均小于2.98%。 实验证明,白玉蜗牛含有丰富的有益微量元素,是一种营养价值极高的绿色食品。     

不同前处理方法对ICP-AES测定枸杞元素含量的影响

用ICP-AES测定中药材枸杞中锌、铅、锰、铁、铬、镁、钙、铜、钠、钾、镉11种元素。比较了常规湿法消化法、高压消化罐法和微波消解法处理样品对测定结果的影响。研究结果表明,高压消化罐法和微波消解处理样品,精密度和回收率较好。在选定的实验条件下,各元素间互不干扰,可在同一样品液中进行多种元素的分别测定。利用该方法测定其回收率在92.9%—101.0%之间,相对标准偏差在0.72%—2.40%之间。     

微波消解-ICP-AES法测定鬼箭羽中微量元素

鬼箭羽(又称卫矛)中富含铁、钙、镁等多种微量元素.采用微波消解的方法处理鬼箭羽样品,并用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)和等离子体电感耦合-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了其中Ca,Mg,Zn和Fe等十种微量元素的含量.考察了消解过程中消解混酸体系的种类、消解液体积和样品质量比、硝酸-其他酸体积比、样品粒度等四个因素对消解结果的影响,利用正交试验法确定了最优的消解条件.在HNO3-HCl体积比2:1,液固比100:1,样品粒度100～140目的最佳条件下,进行了精密度实验,所得结果的相对标准偏差在0.5%～6.2%之间;回收率在85.8%～105.6%之间.实验结果表明,微波消解-AAS和ICP-AES法能够快速、准确、简便地测量鬼箭羽中Ca,Mg,Zn和Fe等微量元素的含量.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法测定油墨中的铅、铬和钡

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定油墨中铅、钡和铬元素的分析方法.实验选用钇作为内标物,以减少背景干扰.结果表明,各元素校准曲线的相关系数均为0.9999,样品相对标准偏差小于5％,加标回收率在96.7％-98.8％之间.实验具有较好的精密度和准确性,适合油墨中铅,铬,钡元素的分析.     

微波消解-ICP—AES同时测定黄芪中10种微量元素

用硝酸和过氧化氢作为消解剂,微波消解技术处理黄芪样品,建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-AES）同时测定黄芪中K、P、Ca、Mg、Fe、Sn、Mn、Cu、Zn和Cr等10种微量元素含量的方法。通过对样品微波消解条件和ICP-AES工作参数进行了优化,测定了各元素的分析线性、检出限、精密度和回收率等。各测试元素的校准曲线均具有良好的线性关系,检出限符合分析要求;以西红柿叶标准样品EPS-1验证,测得方法回收率为89.7%—112.8%,相对标准偏差（RSD）〈5.0%;黄芪样品的加标回收率为90.4%—107.0%,RSD〈5.0%。该方法具有良好的准确度和精密度,且具有快速、高效等特点。测定结果表明,黄芪中富含有K、P、Ca、Mg、Fe和Sn等元素,并据此对黄芪中富含的各元素与其特殊药理功效的关系做了初步讨论。     

电感耦合等离子体法测定高纯氧化铕中14个稀土和20个非稀土杂质

本文提出了用ICP-AES直接同时测定高纯氧化铕中14个稀土和20个非稀土杂质元素的分析方法。着重考察了铕基体对分析元素的基体效应,谱线干扰及背景影响等情况,同时对仪器的工作条件进行了优化。在标准溶液中改变了以往对高纯物质进行分析时常常忽略基准物质中的含量,而用标准加入法测出氧化铕基准中的各稀土微量杂质元素的含量作为低标值,有效的消除了由于忽略基准中的杂质元素的含量给分析测定带来的误差。在本工作所选定的条件下,各稀土元素、非稀土元素的回收率在90％-112％之间,稀土元素的精密度实验显示相对标准偏差为1.12％-9.5％。对不同稀土分离厂家的样品进行了检测,结果令人满意。     

肺癌和癌旁组织中55个元素的原子光谱分析

建立了利用原子光谱技术测定人肺组织中55种元素的方法。样品采用冷消化过夜,温控电热板消解。其中49种元素利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)进行测定;As和Se由原子荧光分光光度计(AFS)测定,K, Na, Ca和Mg由原子吸收分光光度计(AAS)测定。24个元素的测定值与牛肝和人发两种标准物质中的参考值基本吻合。除了Cr, Er和U三元素回收率略为偏高外,其余30种元素的加标回收率均在90％～110％之间。绝大多数元素的精密度在1.7％～10％之间。统计学分析结果表明,共有20种元素的含量在所测17对癌组织和癌旁组织之间具有显著性差异。此方法简便、快速、准确。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.