模拟微重力效应对辐射致细胞DNA损伤修复效应的影响

在地面模拟微重力的情况下, 应用碱性单细胞凝胶电泳（SCGE）技术对80 MeV/u Ne离子辐射诱发人血淋巴细胞DNA损伤修复效应进行了研究。 在不同时刻对相同剂量辐照后的淋巴细胞经单细胞电泳处理后显示, 在模拟微重力下孵育的彗星尾更长, 彗星头面积更小。 这表明, 相对地面环境而言, 模拟微重力环境对淋巴细胞的DNA损伤修复有一定的抑制作用。 Effect of the modeled microgravity (MMG) on heavy ion induced lymphocytes DNA repair by using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) has been studied. The results showed that residual DNA damage induced by Ne ions irradiation increased more in cultures incubated in MMG than in 1 g, which indicated that MMG incubation after Ne ions irradiation reduce the DNA damage repair capacity.     

空间辐射生物学研究进展

空间电离辐射尤其是高能带电粒子辐射可造成生物机体的严重损伤, 是载人航天飞行的关键性限制因素之一。 研究表明, 带电粒子的生物学效应与其性质、 剂量以及不同生物学终点有关; 此外, 微重力环境可能会影响空间辐射生物学效应。 从多年来的空间搭载实验研究和地基模拟实验研究两个方面, 综述了空间辐射的生物损伤效应及其与微重力环境复合作用的生物效应。Space radiation, particularly induced by the high energy charged particles, may cause serious injury on living organisms. So it is one critical restriction factor in Manned Spaceflight. Studies have shown that the biological effects of charged particles were associated with their quality, the dose and the different biological end points. In addition, the microgravity conditions may affect the biological effects of space radiation. In this paper we give a review on the biological damage effects of space radiation and the combined biological effects of the space radiation coupled with the microgravity from the results of space flight and ground simulation experiments.     

和厚朴酚对非小细胞肺癌细胞的辐射增敏效应

研究了和厚朴酚（HNK）对非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）细胞系A549和H1299对低线性能量转移（LET） X射线和高LET碳离子的辐射增敏效应。首先用CCK-8检测了HNK对A549和H1299细胞的生长抑制情况,发现20 μmol/L的HNK处理对细胞的生长抑制作用较弱。用该浓度HNK预处理细胞2 h后给予不同剂量X射线或碳离子的照射,克隆存活法检测细胞的辐射敏感性,Annexin-PI双染法检测细胞凋亡,γH2AX焦点法检测DNA的双链断裂（DSB）损伤。实验结果显示:与X射线相比,NSCLC细胞对碳离子更敏感,HNK预处理仅对碳离子照射有辐射增敏作用;与碳离子单独照射相比,HNK预处理联合碳离子照射诱导了更明显的细胞凋亡;在照射后24 h,HNK预处理联合碳离子照射引起的细胞γH2AX焦点阳性率维持在较高水平,而X射线照射没有这些效应。实验结果表明,HNK预处理抑制了NSCLC细胞DNA的DSB修复,诱导了细胞凋亡的发生,从而提高了细胞对碳离子的辐射敏感性。The radiosensitizing effect of Honokiol (HNK) on non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines A549 and H1299 to low-linear energy transfer (LET) X-rays and high-LET carbon ions was investigated in this study. First, the inhibitory effects of HNK on the growth of A549 and H1299 cells were detected by CCK-8 assay, and 20 μmol/L HNK treatment was found to induce a growth inhibitory effect slightly in these two cell lines. Cells were pre-treated with HNK and then irradiated with X-rays and carbon ions of different doses. Cellular radiosensitivity, apoptosis and DNA damage were analyzed by clonogenic survival, Annexin-PI staining and γH2AX foci, respectively. The results showed the cells were more sensitive to carbon ion irradiation compared to X-rays and the radiosensitization of HNK was only observed after carbon ion irradiation. Furthermore, the co-treatment led to higher apoptosis rate 48 h after irradiation and increased the positive rate of γH2AX foci 24 h after irradiation in A549 and H1299 cells compared with those in the groups treated with carbon ion irradiation alone. These phenomena were not observed after X-ray irradiation. Our data suggest that the pre-treatment with HNK inhibited DNA DSB repair, induced apoptosis and then enhanced the cellular radiosensitivity to carbon ions in NSCLC cells.     

羧甲基-β-1,3-葡聚糖对人肝癌HepG2细胞的放射增敏作用

本研究旨在探讨羧甲基-β-1,3葡聚糖（CMG）对人肝癌HepG2细胞X射线或12C6+离子束辐射敏感性的影响。首先用CCK-8法检测CMG对HepG2细胞的生长抑制情况,得到半数抑制浓度（IC50）为120.6μg/mL。用浓度为0.1×IC50的CMG预处理HepG2细胞24 h,再给予2 Gy X射线或12C6+离子束辐照（CMG+辐照组）;CMG未处理组直接接受2 Gy X射线或12C6+离子束辐照（辐照组）。对比分析辐照组和CMG+辐照组细胞的克隆存活、DNA损伤、凋亡与周期分布、细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平。发现:与X射线辐照组相比,相同剂量的12C6+离子辐照组克隆存活率更小,DNA损伤和周期阻滞更加严重,细胞凋亡率和细胞内ROS水平也更高。与单独X射线或12C6+离子束辐照组相比,CMG+辐照组克隆存活率明显降低,细胞凋亡率随辐照后CMG作用时间的延长而明显增加,CMG使辐照后细胞内ROS维持在一个较高的水平,同时CMG明显加重了单独辐照诱导的DNA损伤和周期阻滞。结果表明,与X射线相比,HepG2细胞对相同剂量的12C6+离子辐射更敏感;CMG可增加HepG2细胞对X射线或12C6+离子辐射的敏感性;CMG可能通过增加受照HepG2细胞内的ROS水平,加剧辐照诱导的DNA损伤,促进辐射诱导细胞凋亡而起到辐射增敏作用。This study aims to investigate the effect of carboxymethy-β-1, 3-glucan (CMG) on the sensitivity of human hepatoma HepG2 cells to X-rays or 12C6+ ions irradiation. First, the inhibitory effect of CMG on the growth of HepG2 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 120.6 μg/mL. HepG2 cells were pretreated with CMG at a concentration of 0.1×IC50 for 24 h and then irradiated with 2 Gy X-ray or 12C6+ ion beams (CMG + irradiation group). CMG untreated group was directly irradiated by 2 Gy X-rays or 12C6+ ions beam (irradiation group). The clone survival, DNA damage, cell apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in irradiation group and CMG + irradiation group were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the clone survival rate was lower, DNA damage and cycle arrest were more serious, and the rate of apoptosis and intracellular ROS levels were higher in 12C6+ ions irradiation group than those in the same dose of X-rays irradiation group. Compared with X-rays or 12C6+ ions irradiation group, the clone survival rate of CMG + irradiation group was significantly decreased, and the apoptosis rate significantly increased with the prolongation of CMG treatment post-irradiation; CMG maintained intracellular ROS at a higher level after irradiation, CMG also significantly aggravated radiation-induced DNA damage and cycle arrest. These results indicated that HepG2 cells were more sensitive to 12C6+ ions radiation than those at the same dose of X-rays. CMG increased the sensitivity of HepG2 cells to X-rays or 12C6+ ions irradiation by increasing intracellular ROS level, exacerbating radiation-induced DNA damage and promoting radiation-induced apoptosis in irradiated HepG2 cells.     

碳离子辐射诱导秀丽隐杆线虫生殖细胞凋亡研究

重离子辐射具有独特的深度剂量分布和较高的相对生物学效应,被认为是理想的放疗手段。重离子的生物学效应在径迹形成过程中由多个物理参量共同决定,而这些物理参量和离子入射深度紧密相关,因此明确离子不同入射深度的生物学效应对重离子肿瘤放疗方案的设计和优化有着重要的理论和应用价值。使用兰州重离子研究装置HIRFL-CSRe 终端的碳离子束作为辐射源,以活体模式动物线虫作为实验对象,以线虫生殖细胞的凋亡水平作为生物学检测终点,研究了10 和20 Gy 碳离子辐射在辐射的入口、坪区和峰区的当代生物学效应和对后代个体基因组不稳定性的影响。结果表明:10 和20 Gy 碳离子辐射在三个不同的辐照区域内均显著增加了辐射当代的线虫生殖腺细胞的凋亡水平,并表现出一定的辐射区域和辐射剂量依赖性。同时,辐射诱导的后代个体基因组不稳定性也表现出一定的辐射区域和辐射剂量相关性。Heavy ion irradiation is a perfect means in radio-therapy due to its special depth dose distribution and high relative biological effects. The biological effects of heavy ion irradiation are determined by some major physical parameters, and vary along the tracks of heavy ions. Therefore, it is very significant for the tumor radio-therapy to investigate the biological effects along whole range of heavy ion radiation. In the present study, Caenorhabditis elegans, a model in vivo, was irradiated by carbon ion beams from HCRFL-CSRe, The level of germ cell apoptosis of worms was used as a checking endpoint for DNA damage, the effects of carbon irradiation located in the entrance, plateau and peak regions on the genomic instability of the irradiated worm and their progeny were detected. The results showed that the 10 and 20 Gy of carbon ion radiations led to the increased germ cell apoptosis in irradiated worms and these effects depend on the worm location along the range of carbon ions and the irradiation dosage. The results also suggested that heavy ion irradiation induced the up-regulated genomic instability in their progeny, and might be related to both the irradiation dose and the irradiated location.     

TILLING技术的最新进展及其在辐射诱变育种中的应用前景

定向诱导基因组局部突变技术(Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes, 简称TILLINC)是一种全新的、高通量和低成本反向遗传学研究方法。近年来, 随着突变筛选技术的革新, TILLING技术平台日趋多元化, 使得TILLING技术的操作更为简单﹑快速, 并广泛应用于作物育种研究领域。简要介绍了TILLING技术平台的最新发展动态, 并初步探讨了将辐射诱变处理与TILLING高通量筛选相结合在诱变育种中的应用前景。To investigate the M1 biological effects of heavy ions irradiation on Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., its seeds were irradiated by 12C6+heavy ions (80 MeV/u) with the dosages of 30, 60, 90, 120 and 160 Gy respectively . The results showed that with doses increased gradually, germination rate and seedling rate of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. were decreased, and the latter was lower than the former, mainly due to the inhibition of root growth. The irradiation increased the content of MDA and proline evidently, showing irradiation could damage biomembrane, and also decreased the activities of POD and SOD with distinct inhibition pattern. However, the low dose and high dose irradiation promoted APX activity, illustrating APX was induced to protect irradiation injury. In brief, exposure to 12C6+ heavy ions had obvious injury effects on the seeds of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.. Heavy ions irradiation damaged biomembrane, inhibited activities of enzymes, and finally inhibited the growth of the first generation of these seeds.     

质子照射小鼠组织病理损伤的初步观察

利用HI-13串列加速器提供的19 MeV 质子照射麻醉小鼠2, 4, 8和16 Gy ， 照射后不同时间麻醉处死小鼠进行病理组织学观察。 结果显示， 照射后各组小鼠腰背部开始环状脱毛， 病理改变为表皮细胞坏死、 脱落， 皮下水肿， 心、 肝出现小灶性坏死或伴出血， 肝细胞明显再生， 肺组织可出现充血及肺泡间隔明显增厚， 肾小球出现明显固缩、 坏死及消失。 这些病理改变在大剂量照射组尤为明显。 通过观察质子照射小鼠组织病理损伤效应， 为质子损伤的防治研究提供参考依据。Space radiation come from galactic cosmic rays and solar particle events which contain considerable protons is an invisible killer to astronauts. Furthermore， many wounded persons were injured by proton and other heavy ion radiation in a nuclear warhead or nuclear terrorism attack. However， the damage effect of proton radiation is known little in our country. In this study， the proton induced histopathologic changes of mice were observed primarily. naesthetic mice were irradiated with the 19 MeV protons dili vered by HI 13 tandem accelerator at CIAE in different doses(2， 4， 8， 16 Gy). In order to observe the da mage effect， mice were killed by anaesthetic at different time point after radiation， and the tissue sections were analyzed by a histopathologic method. The results show that all of the mice’s backs began displaying ringed depilation at post irradiation day 7. Many epidermal cells necrosis and exfoliation happened， and subcutaneous dropsy was observed. There were some focal necrosis or even followed with bleeding in heart and liver. Hepatocyte evidently regenerated. A hyperaemia was seen in lung tissue and alveolar septum was obviously thickening. Acinus renis represented notable pyknosis， necrosis and disappearance. Especially， these pathologic alteration clearly displayed in high dose groups. In conclusion， proton radiation can induce different grade injury to skin， heart， liver， lung， kidney and other organs. Further studies should be made to deeply understand the mechanism about the proton radiation damage.     

Irradiation Effects on the Retention of Hydrogen in Al_2O_3

Substantial defects are produced in Al_2O_3 by 4 MeV Au ion irradiation with a fluence of 4.4 × 10~(15) cm~(-2).Rutherford backscattering spectrometry/channeling and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy methods are used to investigate the irradiation damage.The 190 keV H ions with a fluence of 1 × 10~(17) cm~(-2) are used for implanting pristine and Au ion irradiated Al_2O_3 to explore the irradiation damage effects on the hydrogen retention in Al_2O_3.The time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry method is used to obtain the single hydrogen depth profile and ions mass spectra(IMS),in which we find that implanted hydrogens interacted with defects produced by Au ion irradiation.In IMS,we also obtain the hydrogen retention at a certain depth.Comparing the hydrogen retention in different Al_2O_3 samples,it is concluded that the irradiation damage improves the tritium permeation resistance property of Al_2O_3 under given conditions.This result means that Al_2O_3 may strengthen its property of reducing tritium permeation under the harsh irradiation environment in fusion reactors.     

Raman Spectroscopy of Irradiation Effect in Three Carbon Allotropes Induced by Low Energy B Ions

Irradiation effect in three carbon allotropes C60, diamond and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite （HOPG） induced by 170keV B ions, mainly including the process of the damage creation, is investigated by means of Raman spectroscopy technique. The differences on irradiation sensitivity and structural stability for C60, HOPG and diamond are compared. The analysis results indicate that C60 is the most sensitive for B ions irradiation, diamond is the second one and the structure of HOPG is cross sections σ of C60, diamond and HOPG deduced from 1.31 × 10^-15 cm^2, respectively. the most stable under B ion irradiation. The damage the Raman spectra are 7.78 × 10^-15, 6.38 × 10^-15 and1.31 x 10-15 cm^2, respectively.     

真空、低能离子注入对人宫颈癌（HeLa）细胞中 p53及c-fos mRNA的表达影响

在具有高效护水功能石蜡油的保护下进行了人宫颈癌细胞(HeLa细胞)的低能离子注入及真空处理, 用荧光定量PCR的方法分别研究了真空和30 keV N+的不同注入剂量下, 细胞中p53基因和c-fos基因的mRNA表达变化。 结果表明, 上述两个基因的表达与真空及低能离子注入之间存在着剂量关系。     

Recent microgravity experiments with complex direct current plasmas

Complex plasmas are low‐temperature plasmas containing micrometer‐sized particles. They are useful as models for strongly coupled many‐body systems. Since the microparticles are strongly affected by gravity, microgravity experiments with complex plasmas are conducted. Here we report on recent microgravity experiments with the experimental facility PK‐4 performed in parabolic flights. In particular, we discuss electrorheological and demixing experiments and the image analysis tools used.     

碳离子束混合LET辐照的EBT3辐射变色胶片剂量修正方法

针对EBT3辐射变色胶片对碳离子束混合LET辐照的剂量欠响应比较了两种剂量修正方法。利用260 MeV/u的碳离子束通过被动降能得到多种剂量平均LET的碳离子束,利用这些碳离子束进行了胶片剂量响应刻度辐照,选择最佳的拟合公式得到了胶片剂量刻度曲线。使用RE(Relative Efficiency)量化了EBT3胶片随LET的剂量欠响应,并使用RE剂量修正法修正了混合LET辐照胶片的剂量。此外,根据剂量刻度曲线公式中拟合参数随不同LET所占剂量比例的变化规律,提出了拟合参数剂量修正法并修正了混合LET辐照胶片的剂量。最后比较了这两种方法的结果,表明拟合参数方法得到的剂量偏差在5%以内,优于RE方法10%以内的剂量偏差。     

12C6+离子辐照小鼠Lewis肿瘤的研究

研究了HIRFL提供的12C6+离子辐照C57BL/6J小鼠右后腿移植的Lewis肿瘤的生长延迟和碳离子辐照对Lewis肿瘤小鼠寿命的延长.结果表明,碳离子照射的小鼠肿瘤生长体积明显地小于对照的体积.在剂量相同、分次数辐照越多时,肿瘤生长就越缓慢,肿瘤抑制就越高.在辐照分次数相同时,不同剂量对受照肿瘤生长体积未产生差异.在4Gy×3,8Gy×3和12Gy×2组3种辐照剂量下,小鼠寿命的P值小于0.05;可知小鼠的寿命延长具有统计学意义. Growth delay of the transplantable Lewis tumors growing in right hind legs of C(57) BL/6J mice and life prolongation of the mice with Lewis tumors were investigated after()~(12)C~(6+) ion radiation at HIRFL. The results show that growth volumes of the mouse tumors following carbon radiation are distinctly less than control during 21 days; the more fractions of radiation with same doses, the slower growth of tumors and the higher inhibition of tumors; different doses with the same fractions of radiation ...     

Decharging of complex plasmas: first kinetic observations

The first experiment on the decharging of a complex plasma in microgravity conditions was conducted. After switching off the rf power, in the afterglow plasma, ions and electrons rapidly recombine and leave a cloud of charged microparticles. Because of microgravity, the particles remain suspended in the experimental chamber for a sufficiently long time, allowing precise measurements of the rest particle charge. A simple theoretical model for the decharging is proposed which agrees quite well with the experiment results and predicts the rest charge at lower gas pressures.     

C60薄膜的离子注入损伤研究

在200 keV重离子加速器上，用120—360 keV的H,N,Ar和Mo离子注入C₆₀薄膜．对注入后薄膜的拉曼谱进行了分析．结果表明，不同离子注入C₆₀薄膜后，C₆₀的1469 cm^-1特征峰随注入剂量的增加均呈指数式下降，同时在1300—1700 cm^-1范围出现非晶碳峰，并逐渐增强，最终完全非晶化．而且1469 cm^-1拉曼峰的强度及C₆₀薄膜完全非晶化所对应的剂量与注入离子的种类和能量有关．进一步的分析表明，C₆₀分子的损伤主要是由注入离子的核能量转移所造成，与电子能量转移无关．H离子注入C₆₀薄膜后，1469 cm^-1处特征拉曼峰向短波方向非对称展宽，这可能是注入的H离子通过电子能量转移使C₆₀分子发生聚合的结果. 关键词：     

Structural phenomena in glassy carbon induced by cobalt ion implantation

Glassy carbon (GC) was implanted by 150 keV Co⁺ ions to the doses of 1×10¹⁶ (low dose) and 1×10¹⁷ ions/cm² (high dose). The low dose implantation results in GC structure disordering with formation of amorphous carbon (a-C). Analysis of Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and Raman spectra has revealed 15 at.% of sp³-bonded C atoms in the a-C structure. The in-pane size of sp² clusters was estimated to be 1.1 nm. On the contrary, the high dose ion implantation results in ordering of the a-C structure. Content of the sp³ atoms in a-C was reduced to about 5% and, respectively, the in-plane sp² cluster size was increased up to 2.8 nm. Together with the a-C structure ordering the Raman spectra identifies formation of transpolyacetylene (TPA)-like chains after the high-dose Co⁺ implantation. In parallel, RBS suggests an enhanced diffusion of the implanted cobalt within the modified carbon layer. Correlation of the RBS and Raman results argues a driving role of cobalt diffusion in the TPA-like chains formation and a-C ordering. Great surface roughening observed after the high dose Co⁺ implantation suggests also the pronounced cobalt clustering causing large flux of “free volume” to the surface.     

两种保护剂对C离子诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的应答

比较了N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)及乙酰左旋肉毒碱(ALCAR)对12C6+离子照射小鼠的损伤效应,并探讨了其可能的作用机制。利用4Gy剂量的12C6+离子束对预先给予NAC(100mg/kg)和ALCAR(100mg/kg)保护的昆明小鼠进行单次全身照射。随后检测肝组织中总抗氧化能力(TAC)、DNA单链断裂和细胞凋亡率。结果显示,与照射对照组相比,提前给予NAC和ALCAR均极显著地增强了肝组织的抗氧化能力(P0.001),减轻了12C6+离子导致的肝组织中DNA断裂(P0.001)和细胞凋亡(P0.001)。此外,还发现ALCAR组抗重离子辐照损伤的能力显著地高于NAC组(P0.05)。实验结果提示了NAC和ALCAR可通过抵御组织内的氧化胁迫,阻止DNA链的断裂和细胞的凋亡,实现对C离子辐照损伤的保护效应。而且ALCAR比NAC可能更适合成为有潜力、有希望的抗C重离子辐射药物。