LED在自感现象演示实验中的应用

利用发光二极管对自感现象演示实验进行了改进,明显地提高了实验效果,加深了对自感现象的认识。     

自感现象实验的改进与制作

实验的改进和创新要求我们从新的视角对原有实验进行审视、找出不足.高中物理课程标准实验教科书物理<选修3-2>"自感现象"一节中,该传统教具在演示自感现象时存在诸多不足.     

基于DISlab的自感现象演示实验研究

在中学物理教学中,传统的自感现象演示实验只能进行定性研究,利用DISlab进行自感现象演示实验研究,实现了定性及定量研究.通过实验电路的改进,进一步增强实验的演示效果.在实验过程中发现了一些特殊的实验现象并对此进行相应的思考.如在通电后,在灯泡电压达到稳定前出现了一个峰值;当改变电源极性重复操作实验时,弛豫时间变长等.     

对《自感现象实验的改进》的商榷

本刊2011年第10期刊登了《自感现象实验的改进》一文．在实验改进方案一“用‘通电自感’电路演示通、断电自感现象”中,提出用如图1（原文图3,下同）所示电路演示通、断电自感现象．笔者按文中内容操作,使用图1电路进行的通电自感实验,不能观察到原文描述的“D1滞后于D2正常发光”的演示效果．     

发光二极管在几个电磁学实验中的应用

采用发光二极管对电磁感应现象、自感现象、互感现象和电磁振荡等演示实验进行了改进,明显地提高了实验效果．     

自感现象演示器的设计与改进

目前,一些中学或中专物理教材中,对自感现象的演示装置常采用图1和图2所示的电路.图1用于演示通电自感现象,图2用于演示断电自感现象.实际教学中,由于实验装置常采用1.5V小灯泡亮度较小,A、B两灯泡达到相同亮度的时间差也较短,自感现象不是太明显.另外由于两个电路是独立的,容易让学生产生这样的误解:图1所示的装置,在通电时有自感现象,在断电时没有自感现象;图2所示的装置,在断电时有自感现象,在通电时无自感现象.为了使自感现象明显,同时消除学生的误解,我们对这一演示装置重新进行了设计和改进.     

利用DIS实验系统改进自感演示实验

利用DIS实验系统改进自感演示实验可以很好地解决实验现象不明显、难调试等问题,取得满意的教学效果.     

对自感现象演示实验的分析与改进

通过对自感现象演示实验的分析，针对存在的问题，提出了改进方案。     

通断电自感综合演示实验

高三物理教材中的自感现象,大多是通过J2425型变压器原理说明器进行演示。有的学校可能没有,而且同用一件仪器,两次分别演示通电自感现象和断电自感现象,课堂上存在着操作麻烦的严重弊端,同时也不能给学生一个通断电自感的完整印象。为此,我对原演示实验进行了一些改进,不但能使通、断电自感现象一次完成,达到使用方便、印象完整的目的,而且还可观察断电后瞬时感生电流(电动势)的方向,有助于验证教材中所述“自感电动势总是阻碍导体中原来电流的变化的”这个结论。实验电路如图所示。     

自感现象演示实验的改进

自感现象演示实验的改进周晓红（南京建筑工程学院２１００１５）一般教科书中自感现象的演示线路图中Ａ、Ｂ处（如图１）是用规格相同的灯泡连接的．本文对原有的演示实验进行一些改进，将Ａ、Ｂ处的灯泡换下，接入两只规格相同适当的电流表，使学生直观地观察到电感线圈...     

基于Roujean和Ross-Li模型算法的不同户外光照南疆冬枣BRDF特性研究

不同光照下,如何消除或减小反演数据差异,提高检测精度,是目前南疆冬枣户外检测中遇到的一大难题,因此通过用高光谱相机获得的南疆冬枣二向反射分布函数（BRDF）测量值,采用最小二乘法拟合Roujean模型和Ross-Li模型的参数,最后对比Roujean模型和Ross-Li模型反演的结果,提出何种天气何段波长用何种模型反演效果最好的建议,实验结果表明：（1）多云天气,反演南疆冬枣线偏振度（Dolp）时,Ross-Li模型的R2是0.974 8,Roujean模型的R2是0.969 9;反演南疆冬枣强度分量时,Ross-Li模型的R2是0.972 3,Roujean模型的R2是0.974 9。阴天反演南疆冬枣Dolp时,Ross-Li模型的R2是0.965 1,Roujean模型的R2是0.977 8;反演南疆冬枣强度分量时,Ross-Li模型的R2是0.942 0,Roujean模型的R2是0.968 8。晴天反演南疆冬枣Dolp时,Ross-Li模型的R2是0.965 5,Roujean模型的R2是0.926 2;反演南疆冬枣强度分量时,Ross-Li模型的R2是0.928 5,Roujean模型的R2是0.833 1。整体反演的最佳方案是多云天气下的南疆冬枣Dolp用Ross-Li模型反演,强度分量用Roujean模型反演;晴天南疆冬枣Dolp和强度分量均用Ross-Li模型反演;阴天南疆冬枣Dolp和强度分量均用Roujean模型反演。（2）多波段反演的最佳方案是：多云天气下,反演南疆冬枣强度分量时,波长为1 000~1 100 nm范围,需用Ross-Li模型,波长为1 450~1 600 nm范围,需用Roujean模型,其余波段处两种模型均可;反演南疆冬枣Dolp时,在波长为1 300 nm附近,需用Ross-Li模型,其余波段处两种模型均可。阴天反演南疆冬枣强度分量时,在1 000~1 350 nm范围,需用Roujean模型,在1 600 nm附近,需用Ross-Li模型,其余波段处两种模型均可;反演南疆冬枣Dolp时,在1 000~1 350 nm范围,需用Roujean模型,在1 600 nm附近,需用Ross-Li模型。晴天反演南疆冬枣强度分量时,波长为1 000~1 350和1 600 nm附近,需用Ross-Li模型,其余波段处则无特殊要求;反演南疆冬枣Dolp时,在1 000 nm附近,需用Roujean模型,在1 600 nm附近,需用Ross-Li模型。探索出消除或减小反演数据差异的方法,为南疆冬枣户外检测提高精度奠定基础。     

Gain studies of Coumarin 503 dye-doped polymer laser

Solid-state dye doped polymer is an attractive alternative to the conventional liquid dye solution. In this paper, the laser characteristics of Coumarin 503 (C503) doped polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) rods modified with ethyl alcohol (EtOH) are studied under nitrogen laser excitation in a transverse pumping configuration and the variation of gain of the dye in solid medium for different pumping powers is studied. The gain of Coumarin 503 in solid medium is compared with the gain of Coumarin 503 in liquid medium and it is found that the gain of the dyes in the solid environment is less than that in the liquid environment. The photobleaching of dye in polymer medium under nitrogen laser excitation is also studied by keeping the rod in a fixed position and by rotating the rod about its cylindrical axis. It is found that the photobleaching rate is faster when the rod is in a fixed position.     

Incompressible turbulence as non-local field theory

It is well-known that incompressible turbulence is non-local in real space because sound speed is infinite in incompressible fluids. The equation in Fourier space indicates that it is non-local in Fourier space as well. However, the shell-to-shell energy transfer is local. Contrast this with Burgers equation which is local in real space. Note that the sound speed in Burgers equation is zero. In our presentation we will contrast these two equations using non-local field theory. Energy spectrum and renormalized parameters will be discussed.     

Analytical solution for multilayer assembly including heating and cooling cycles with laser pulse parameter variation

Laser heating of surfaces is involved with heating and cooling cycles. Material response to a laser pulse in the heating cycle is rapid while in the cooling cycle it is gradual. In this case, temperature rises rapidly in the heating cycle while temperature decay is gradual in the cooling cycle. Depending on the laser pulse properties (pulse length and intensity), the rise and fall of temperature profiles change in the surface region of the substrate material. In the present study, an analytical solution for laser heating pulse is presented and a closed-form solution for temperature distribution inside the multilayer assembly is obtained. Steel is considered as top layer while copper is situated below steel in the multilayer assembly. It is found that the analytical solution agrees well with the numerical predictions. Temperature rise in steel is higher than copper. This is due to the thickness of steel, which is larger than the absorption depth. In this case, internal energy gain dominates over the heat conduction in the energy transport process.     

Laser short pulse heating: Influence of pulse intensity on temperature and stress fields

Laser short-pulse heating of gold surface is considered and the influence of laser pulse intensity on the temperature and stress fields is investigated. Laser step input pulses with different pulse lengths and the same energy content are employed in the simulations. The electron kinetic theory approach employing thermomechanical coupling is introduced to model the non-equilibrium energy transport in the electron and lattice sub-systems. Thermal stress development in the lattice sub-system and temperature rise in the lattice and electron sub-systems are computed. It is found that electron temperature rises rapidly while lattice site temperature rise is gradual in the early heating period, which is more pronounced for high intensity pulses. Thermal stress component in the axial direction is compressive and its magnitude is considerably less than the yielding limit of the substrate material.     

RF phase jitter in a klystron amplifier

RF phase jitter is a very important parameter for a relativistic klystron amplifier. This parameter is closely linked with the physics processes in the klystron. RF phase jitter is theoretically studied together with Particle in Cell (PIC) simulations in the paper. The main factor is deduced and verified in the PIC simulation. RF phase jitter is significantly affected by the fluctuation of the beam voltage. The relation between the phase jitter and the voltage fluctuation is linear in certain ranges.     

全光可调移相器的实现机制与实验研究

本文介绍了我们在国内首次研制成功的全光可调移相器,它采用气隙距离调节法,可在光域上直接实现 ps量级的高速光信号相位(时延)调节,最大调整相位量为 600ps,插入损耗 <7dB,调节精度 <0.03ps.对实现光分组交换、光时分复用、光信号处理等具有重要意义.另外,本文还介绍了光信号相位的精密测量方法     

一种基于预估-修正策略的非定常流网格自适应加密/稀疏方法

给出一种非定常流动数值模拟的网格自适应处理方法.在"求解流动方程-自适应调整网格"的流程中,引入预估-修正步.根据自适应周期内每个时间步上的流场预估解,计算单元上的事后误差估算值.建立考虑解演变的网格自适应指示器,并进行多层次单元加密-稀疏的动态网格自适应处理.在自适应网格上重新计算流场.每个自适应周期中,流动演变区域的网格获得加密;而前一个周期中的特征现象已离开区域的网格被稀疏.应用边界非协调的当地DFD(Domain-Free Discretization)方法求解流动方程.为验证网格自适应处理方法,针对静止圆柱和自推进游鱼的流动进行了数值实验.     

基于小波的雷暴强放电前地面电场的多重分形分析

根据远离平衡的复杂系统演化的雪崩性和自相似倍增串级性，强调了多重分形工具的重要；利用青藏高原中部地区雷暴放电的地面电场仪资料，基于多重分形谱的小波估计方法，对强放电前雷电活动的多重分形特征进行了分析，发现多重分形谱可用推广的多重分形二项倍增串级模式描述，强放电前放电过程具有强烈的奇异性和明显的多重分形性，谱宽度Δα＞1.6，最小标度指数α_min＜-0.3；随着放电的活跃，Δα表现出明显的增加，而强的放电则发生在随后Δα的高值区或下降区，并对相关的原因进行了讨论. 关键词： 多重分形 雪崩 倍增串级 小波 闪电放电     

亚成像系统中的实时图像分析提取方法

利用简单、实时的算法有效实现了亚成像系统中的目标图像分离、标记提取与定位。采用了顺序形态变换的方法,以组合可调滤波器组的形式有效的解决了亚成像图像的低分辨率离散问题,并提出了新的快速标记运算过程。采用一次扫描分析方法取得标记链表,以指针追踪方式合并图像的标记范围,为最终识别图像目标提供了一个有效的聚类结果,此方法对不同目标图像数据取得了很好的实时分析效果