激发态质子转移分子2-(2''-羟基苯基)苯并噻唑在不同溶剂中的光谱特性

观测了2-(2’-羟基苯基)苯并噻唑(HBT)在不同极性溶剂中的吸收光谱和荧光光谱,详细研究了溶剂极性对HBT发生激发态分子内质子转移(ESIPT)影响的机制。吸收光谱表明在常态条件下,HBT在各种溶剂中都以烯醇式构型和酮式构型共同存在,但以烯醇式构型占绝大多数。荧光光谱表明在纯环己烷溶剂中,HBT被紫外光激发时,绝大多数烯醇式构型发生ESIPT转变为酮式构型,分子的ESIPT效率最大。在含有乙醇的极性溶剂中,HBT烯醇式会形成溶剂化的烯醇式构型,阻碍分子发生ESIPT反应。溶剂中乙醇含量愈多极性愈强,溶剂化烯醇式的成份就愈多,HBT的ESIPT效率就愈低。以400 nm光激发HBT溶液时,在510 nm处发现酮式构型荧光,从而确认了400 nm处的弱吸收是酮式构型的吸收;且在436和456nm处还有新的荧光峰,分析其可能来源于酮式构型去质子化阴离子的发射。     

激发态质子转移分子2-（2′-羟基苯基）苯并噻唑在不同溶剂中的光谱特性

观测了2-（2′-羟基苯基）苯并噻唑（HBT）在不同极性溶剂中的吸收光谱和荧光光谱,详细研究了溶剂极性对HBT发生激发态分子内质子转移（ESWT）影响的机制。吸收光谱表明在常态条件下,HBT在各种溶剂中都以烯醇式构型和酮式构型共同存在,但以烯醇式构型占绝大多数。荧光光谱表明在纯环己烷溶剂中,HBT被紫外光激发时,绝大多数烯醇式构型发生ESIPPT转变为酮式构型,分子的ESIPT效率最大。在含有乙醇的极性溶剂中,HBT烯醇式会形成溶剂化的烯醇式构型,阻碍分子发生ESIPT反应。溶剂中乙醇含量愈多极性愈强,溶剂化烯醇式的成份就愈多,HBT的ESIPT效率就愈低。以400nm光激发HBT溶液时,在510nm处发现酮式构型荧光,从而确认了400nm处的弱吸收是酮式构型的吸收;且在436和456nm处还有新的荧光峰,分析其可能来源于酮式构型去质子化阴离子的发射。     

2-(2’-羟基苯基)苯并咪唑的光谱特性

2-(2’-羟基苯基)苯并咪唑(简称HBI)是一类具有激发态质子转移效应的有机分子。观测了HBI分子在甲苯、甲苯与乙醇混合及乙醇三种溶液的吸收光谱,发现其吸收光谱相类似。用317 nm光激发,观测其荧光光谱,在甲苯溶液中只观测到一个荧光带,其峰值位于470 nm;在甲苯与乙醇的混合溶液及乙醇溶液的荧光光谱中,都观测到两个荧光带,其峰值分别位于370和450 nm。根据激发态质子转移理论可知,470 nm的荧光带是由激发态质子转移生成的互变异构体,即HBI酮式构型分子的发射,峰值位于370 nm的荧光带是HBI稀醇式构型分子的发射。由于乙醇具有较大的极性,可与HBI分子相互作用形成分子间氢键,即生成溶剂化物。当溶剂化物被激发,在激发态发生激发态质子转移生成两性离子,两性离子发射荧光回到基态。因此,在极性溶剂中HBI发射峰值位于450 nm的荧光带应归于两性离子的发射。当用532 nm强光激发HBI溶液时,发现HBI分子在非极性溶剂中无双光子效应,而在极性溶剂中却存在双光子效应,表明HBI的溶剂化物具有双光子效应。     

4′-(对-胺苯基)-2,2′:6′,2′′-三联吡啶光物理性质

用稳态吸收和荧光光谱技术研究4′-(对-胺苯基)取代的三联吡啶配体(APT)分子在不同极性溶剂中的光谱和光物理性质. 在极性溶剂中APT分子存在着双荧光现象,它分别对应于局域激发态和分子内电荷转移态. APT分子的胺基N原子与醇类溶剂之间的氢键作用使该分子在质子性与非质子性溶剂中具有不同的线性关系. 此外,APT分子的三联吡啶部分与锌离子络合以及三联吡啶N4—N8—N14与甲醇分子形成氢键后,在低能区域出现新的吸收光谱带与荧光光谱带,表明在基态和激发态均形成了新的络合物. 时间分辨单光子计数技术测量的APT分子的荧光衰减过程,证明了APT分子的分子内电荷转移机制符合〝两态〞模型.     

5-(2-芳氧甲基苯并咪唑-1-亚甲基)-1,3,4噁二唑-2-硫酮的结构,光谱与热力学性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法对标题化合物分子进行几何构型优化和频率计算,得到红外光谱和拉曼光谱及不同温度下的热力学性质.计算模拟分子在气相和不同溶剂下的电子吸收光谱.结果显示,分子内氢键的形成有利于分子稳定,并与实验晶体结构一致.气相中最大吸收峰出现在236nm处,属于近紫外区,溶剂作用使其蓝移(减小)20nm左右,且与溶剂极性无关.     

2-羟基-1-萘甲醛半碳酰腙激发态分子内质子转移阴离子荧光识别

利用荧光光谱分析法,考察了2-羟基-1-萘甲醛半碳酰腙(L)作为受体分子与F~-、Cl~-、Br~-、I~-、SO_3~(2-)、NO_3~-、ClO_4~-、H_2PO_4~-、SO_4~(2-)、CH_3COO~-、CO_3~(2-)等阴离子的作用。研究结果表明,在乙腈溶液中该受体分子其酚羟基OH与—C=N—基N之间的分子内氢键强度较弱,引入CH_3COO-和CO_3~(2-)增强了分子内氢键强度,在波长495nm处出现激发态分子内质子转移(ESIPT)荧光,荧光滴定实验表明该受体分子与CH_3COO~-和CO_3~(2-)均形成1:1型结合物,提出了可能的配合物结合模式。     

3-羟基黄酮在不同极性和酸碱度溶剂中的光谱研究

实验观测了3-羟基黄酮(3-HF)在不同极性溶剂中的吸收光谱和荧光光谱,发现在吸收光谱中有3个吸收带,峰值位于300和345 nm的两个吸收带较强,位于415 nm处的吸收带较弱。用345 nm作为激发光,观测到两个荧光带,其中峰值位于400 nm的荧光带为3-HF稀醇式构型的发射,随着溶剂极性的增大其强度增强,峰值位于526 nm的荧光带为3-HF互变异构体的发射,随着溶剂极性的增大其强度减弱,这表明溶剂极性阻碍质子转移的发生。用415 nm的光激发样品,在荧光光谱中发现了3个新荧光谱带,峰值分别位于440,471和515 nm,这3个荧光谱带归属至今未见报道。为了指认这3个荧光谱带,分别观测了3-HF在不同酸碱度溶液的荧光光谱及其吸收光谱,通过对这些光谱的分析研究,指认出荧光峰位于440和471 nm的荧光谱带为3-HF的两种阳离子的发射,峰值位于515 nm的荧光谱带为3-HF的阴离子的发射。     

溶剂极性对1，5-二羟基蒽醌分子双质子转移过程的影响

具有激发态分子内双质子转移特性的分子在荧光传感器、激光材料、生物分子探针等领域具有广泛的应用. 羟基蒽醌作为蒽醌类化合物是自然界中广泛存在且具有质子转移特性的次级代谢物,其衍生物已被广泛研究并成功应用于染料、免疫增强和抗癌药物. 近年来,1,5-二羟基蒽醌(1,5-DHAQ)作为一种具有两个分子内氢键的羟基蒽醌衍生物受到了广泛的关注. 本文采用飞秒瞬态吸收光谱结合含时密度泛函理论方法研究了溶剂极性对1,5-DHAQ分子激发态分子内双质子转移过程的影响. 1,5-DHAQ分子在甲苯、四氢呋喃和乙腈溶剂中的稳态荧光光谱表明,溶剂极性的改变对1,5-DHAQ的荧光峰位置产生了影响. 瞬态吸收光谱表明,溶剂极性的增大加快了质子转移的速率. 超快动力学拟合结果表明,溶剂极性的增大有助于加快1,5-DHAQ分子中的激发态分子内双质子转移过程. 此外,通过理论计算得到的势能曲线分析表明质子转移的能垒随着溶剂极性的增加而逐渐减小,从而促进1,5-DHAQ分子激发态分子内双质子转移过程的发生,这进一步验证和解释了实验结果. 本工作有助于开发和合成更稳定、高效的羟基蒽醌衍生物.     

脱氢枞酸基D-A型分子的合成、空间构型及光谱性能

对三苯胺进行溴代和C-N偶联反应合成4-萘基三苯胺(a),对脱氢枞酸进行酯化、溴代、硝化、还原和C-N偶联反应合成13-[N,N-(4-萘基苯基)-苯基]胺基-脱异丙基脱氢枞酸甲酯(b)及13-[N,N-双(4-萘基苯基)]胺基-脱异丙基脱氢枞酸甲酯(c)两个化合物,通过1H MNR,13C MNR及MS对化合物的结构进行表征。为了研究化合物结构与光谱性能之间的关系,首先利用Gaussian 09程序采用密度泛函DFT/B3LYP方法,对三个化合物的空间构型进行全优化,得到它们的键长、键角和二面角,对比发现脱氢枞酸骨架和萘环的引入会影响化合物的共平面性,而萘环的引入会增大化合物的共轭程度。光谱性能方面,研究了三种化合物在甲醇、二氧六环、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷和环己烷这5种极性逐渐减小的溶剂中的荧光发射光谱和紫外吸收光谱。结果表明,在荧光光谱中,化合物a,b和c在不同极性溶剂中最大荧光发射波长均有不同程度位移,在甲醇中最大,在环己烷中最小,但是位移并非随着极性的增大而只发生红移,在二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃和二氧六环3种极性依次增大的溶剂中,a,b,c的荧光发射波长均随着溶剂极性的增大而发生较大程度的蓝移;在同一溶剂中,化合物b和c相对于a的荧光发射波长依次发生红移,c的红移程度与b差距不大。紫外吸收光谱中,三个化合物在不同极性溶剂中的最大吸收波长也有差异,在200～250 nm区间,三个化合物均在二氯甲烷中有较大位移,在300～350 nm区间,在甲醇中位移较大,而在250～300 nm区间,最大吸收波长差别不大;在同一溶剂中,它们在300～350 nm区间的最大吸收波长差别较大,化合物c较a红移26 nm。结合结构优化所得数据可以证明,化合物的共轭程度对荧光发射光谱和紫外吸收光谱均有影响,而共平面性对荧光发射光谱影响较大。化合物a,b和c在不同极性溶剂中荧光发射光谱和紫外吸收光谱的较大变化,表明它们有明显的溶致变色行为,具有作为分子探针探测外部环境极性大小的潜能。     

溶剂对香豆素343染料光谱性质和最低激发态偶极矩的影响

通过对香豆素343(C343)在不同溶剂中的稳态吸收光谱、稳态荧光光谱和时间分辨荧光光谱的分析,研究了溶剂对C343的光谱性质的影响,并获得了光谱特性与溶剂极性之间的依赖关系. 吸收光谱峰值的红移随着溶剂极性的增加而发生较小的变化. 然而,荧光光谱的峰值对溶剂的极性却很敏感,并随着溶剂极性参数f(ε,n)的增加呈线性增长. 这是由于C343激发态电荷分布的变化导致了它在极性溶剂中第一激发单重态能级的变化. 用溶剂效应测量法和量子化学计算方法确定了C343最低激发态的偶极矩,这两方法所得的结果一致. C343在不同溶剂中的时间分辨荧光光谱研究表明荧光寿命随着溶剂极性的增加而增加,即从甲苯溶液的3.09 ns线性地增加到水溶液中4.45 ns;荧光寿命延长的根源可归因于C343与氢键给体溶剂之间的分子间氢键相互作用.     

Excited state intramolecular proton transfer in amino 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzazole derivatives: Effects of the solvent and the amino group position

The excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism in six amino 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzazole derivatives were investigated in different solvents by means of UV-vis absorption and steady-state fluorescence. The amino benzazoles are fluorescent in the blue-orange region under UV radiation. Changes in the absorption, emission and excitation spectra were analyzed and correlated to the position of the amino group and the solvent polarity. The equilibrium between the conformers in solution in the ground state, confirmed by the solvatochromic effect, reflects the dual fluorescence emission presented by these dyes.     

番茄红素的紫外可见光谱和荧光光谱分析

研究了番茄红素在不同溶剂中的紫外可见光谱图,对结果进行分析后发现番茄红素在正己烷、石油醚、丙酮、乙酸乙酯具有较低折光率的溶剂中的特征吸收带波长非常接近,但在较高折光率的溶剂苯、二硫化碳中的特征吸收带与以丙酮作为溶剂相比有不同程度的红移。番茄红素溶于丙酮与水的混合溶剂,当丙酮与水的体积比达到3∶2时,吸收光谱在紫外区出现一新的吸收峰,在可见区吸收光谱的精细结构消失。用荧光光度计采集不同溶液的番茄红素的荧光光谱,番茄红素的荧光峰位于580—590nm,在极性溶剂中荧光发射增强。     

Dynamics of Solvent Controlled ESIPT of π-Expanded Imidazole Derivatives - pH Effect

A set of π-expanded imidazole derivatives employing excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) was designed and synthesized. The relationship between the structure and photophysical properties were thoroughly elucidated by comparing with the analogue blocked with ESIPT functionality. The compound possessing an acidic NH function as part of an intramolecular hydrogen bond system has much higher fluorescence quantum yield and Stokes shift and the π-expansion strongly influences the optical properties. The occurrence of ESIPT for imidazole tosylamide derivatives were less affected by the hydrogen-bonding ability of the solvents compared to the unprotected amine. The low pKa values for the monocation ? neutral equilibrium indicate the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the amino proton and tertiary nitrogen atom.     

A TDDFT study on the hydrogen-bonding effect on ESIPT mechanism for [2,2′-bipyridyl]-3,3′-diol-(H2O) n (n = 0, 1, 2) clusters: single or double?

The excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanisms of [2,2′-bipyridyl]-3,3′-diol (BP(OH)₂) in gas are studied by using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods. The intramolecular hydrogen bond (H-bond) is strengthened in the first excited-state in view of the structural parameters and infrared (IR) vibrational frequencies. The enhanced intramolecular H-bond is favourable for ESIPT process. The effect of the extra intermolecular H-bond between BP(OH)₂ and water on ESIPT is considered. The potential energy surfaces, molecular electrostatic potential, topological analysis, frontier molecular orbitals, absorption and fluorescence spectra are investigated. Our calculated results show that the intermolecular H-bond enhances the intramolecular H-bond, changes the mechanism and decreases the barrier height of ESIPT process.     

All-optical switchings of 3-hydroxyflavone in different solvents

3-hydroxyflavone （3-HF） is an organic molecule with an excited-stated intramolecular proton transfer （ESIPT） effect. All-optical switchings and beam deflections of 3-HF in three kinds of solvents （cyclohexane, ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide） have been investigated by using the third-harmonic generation （355 nm） of a mode-locked Nd：YAG laser as a pump beam and a continuous-wave （cw） He-Ne laser （632.8 nm） as a probe beam. The nonlinear refractive indices of 3-HF in the three different solvents are determined by using the Z-scan technique under an ultraviolet （UV） pump beam at a wavelength of 355 nm. It has been found that the optical switching and beam deflection effects result from the change in refractive index of 3-HF under the irradiation of the pump beam. On the basis of the analyses of absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra, we conclude that the change in refractive index of 3-HF is due to not the thermal effect but the ESIPT effect of 3-HF under the pump beam. As the ESIPT is exceedingly fast, 3-HF might be an excellent candidate for high-speed optical switching.     

The effect of benzo‐annelation on intermolecular hydrogen bond and proton transfer of 2‐methyl‐3‐hydroxy‐4(1H)‐quinolone in methanol: A TD‐DFT study

Excited‐state intermolecular or intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction has important potential applications in biological probes. In this paper, the effect of benzo‐annelation on intermolecular hydrogen bond and proton transfer reaction of the 2‐methyl‐3‐hydroxy‐4(1H)‐quinolone (MQ) dye in methanol solvent is investigated by the density functional theory and time‐dependent density functional theory approaches. Both the primary structure parameters and infrared vibrational spectra analysis of MQ and its benzo‐analogue 2‐methyl‐3‐hydroxy‐4(1H)‐benzo‐quinolone (MBQ) show that the intermolecular hydrogen bond O₁―H₂?O₃ significantly strengthens in the excited state, whereas another intermolecular hydrogen bond O₃―H₄?O₅ weakens slightly. Simulated electron absorption and fluorescence spectra are agreement with the experimental data. The noncovalent interaction analysis displays that the intermolecular hydrogen bonds of MQ are obviously stronger than that of MBQ. Additionally, the energy profile analysis via the proton transfer reaction pathway illustrates that the ESIPT reaction of MBQ is relatively harder than that of MQ. Therefore, the effect of benzo‐annelation of the MQ dye weakens the intermolecular hydrogen bond and relatively inhibits the proton transfer reaction.     

Intramolecular energy and charge transfer in 5-(9-anthryl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-phenyl-2-pyrazoline

The absorption and photoluminescence of the newly synthesized 5-(9-anthryl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-phenyl-2-pyrazoline (AN PP) were investigated. The absorption is the absorption of anthryl moiety at about 325-400 nm, superimposed on the broader absorption of 3-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-phenyl-2-pyrazoline moiety peaked at 420 nm. On excitation at 420 nm, the fluorescence spectrum has only one emission band from the pyrazoline moiety. This emission band exhibits a larger red shift with an increase in the polarity of solvents. But on excitation at 365 nm, the fluorescence spectrum has two emission bands coming from the anthryl and pyrazoline moieties, respectively. The intensity ratio of the two bands is different in solvents of different polarity. It is concluded that photo-induced intramolecular energy transfer from the anthryl to pyrazoline moiety exists simultaneously with the charge transfer from N (1) to C (3) in the pyrazoline moiety in the excited state and both compete with each other.     

Synthesis and Spectroscopic Study of Several Novel Annulated Azulene and Azafluoranthene Based Derivatives

A series of cyclized five-membered annulated azafluoranthene (AAF) and seven-membered annulated azulene (AA) derivatives have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The optical absorption and fluorescence spectra have been recorded in organic solvents of different polarity and analyzed within the semiempirical quantum chemical model PM3. In combination with the molecular dynamics simulations it properly reproduces the overall shape of the measured absorption spectra of both AA and AAF dyes including the strongest band in the region of 250-300 nm and the broad first absorption band above 400 nm. While the solvent polarity rises all the dyes exhibit the hypsochromic shift of the first absorption band and the bathochromic shift of the fluorescence band. Such opposite solvatochromic trends appear to be consistent with the Lippert-Mataga solvatochromic model. Compared to AA compounds, both AAF dyes reveal much stronger solvatochromic shift and broadening of the fluorescence band likewise the relative decrease in quantum yield on rising solvent polarity what may be an evidence for the intramolecular charge transfer mechanism being involved into the fluorescence emission. Depending on solvent polarity AA and AAF dyes emit light in the green-yellow range of the visible spectra what may be of interest for potential luminescent or electroluminescent applications.