基于快速轮廓转动力矩特征的激光主动成像目标识别

针对激光主动成像的图像特性,提出一种基于快速轮廓转动力矩的目标识别方法。将转动力矩的概念引入目标识别中,提出的快速轮廓转动力矩特征(FCTF)不仅包含了轮廓的尺寸、位置、规则度以及目标的亮暗等信息,同时对于旋转、尺度缩放等变换具有不变性。采用转动力矩的快速计算方法,提高了识别算法的计算效率。识别算法首先使用最大稳定极值区域(MSER)算法检测出目标特征区域,并将其变换为圆形区域,然后结合快速转动力矩特征算法提取出目标区域的局部不变特征,最后输入训练好的支持向量机分类器进行识别。实验结果表明相比于已有的激光主动成像目标识别方法,所提算法对于旋转、仿射变换均具有更高的识别率,同时单帧平均运算时间为9.68 ms,满足激光主动成像目标识别系统实时性的要求。     

基于模糊快速Hough变换的盘孔边界识别方法

为了快速准确地识别出某型航空发动机篦齿盘均压孔的边界,提出一种新的模糊快速Hough变换.利用局部梯度信息将检测圆所需的3D Hough变换转化为一个2D Hough变换检测圆心位置和一个1D Hough变换检测圆的半径.在检测圆心位置时,对2D参量空间进行多分辨率分级,通过迭代计算由粗到精逐步细化参量空间.采用模糊投票的方法来处理边缘像素位置和梯度方向的不确定性.通过实验对比了模糊快速Hough变换与标准Hough变换、随机Hough变换进行盘孔边界识别的效果,结果表明模糊快速Hough变换可以快速准确地识别出盘孔的边界,性能优于另外两种算法.     

基于投影寻踪的高光谱典型目标识别算法

针对典型目标识别问题,提出了一种基于投影寻踪的高光谱目标识别算法。先对高光谱图像进行最小噪声分离变换,计算出本征维度,同时对图像去噪,然后采用信息散度作为投影指标,对投影指标值自适应分割,得到所要提取的波谱曲线,最后用光谱角匹配识别出目标及其位置。高光谱图像验证结果表明,该方法有效地去除了图像噪声,而且能够快速、可靠地提取端元并识别出目标。     

基于局部不变特征的目标自动识别

为快速、准确地识别图像中的目标,提出一种结合图像熵和加速鲁棒特征算法的目标自动识别方法.首先,分块计算图像的信息熵,根据阈值筛选出纹理丰富区域.然后,结合Hessian矩阵和Harris算法提取纹理丰富区域的局部特征点.接着,计算特征向量并用主成分分析降低向量维数.最后,采用双向最近距离比例匹配算法进行分类,并用随机抽样一致算法剔除误匹配点.实验结果表明:对仿真数据库中带有视角、光照和尺度变化的图像,识别率分别为87.12%、75.31%和84.98%,平均识别时间分别为70.35ms、71.27ms、220.63ms;对含8956×6708像素的航空大面阵图像,正确匹配率为78.13%,识别时间为68.09s.本方法识别率和时间性能均优于加速鲁棒特征算法.     

复杂星空背景下的空间目标快速捕获算法

针对现有方法在大视场、高灵敏度条件下星空背景复杂导致的空间目标捕获速度慢的问题,利用大视场星图识别的优势,提出了复杂星空背景下的空间目标快速捕获算法.采用分级曝光策略,基于短曝光获取有限数量的恒星以大幅度提高星图识别速度;利用二维最大背景估计方法,实现星图预处理,获得质心数据信息;最后基于星图目标序列剔除自然天体.通过星图目标排序横向剔除,保证剔除准确性的前提下有效提高了剔除效率,实现了空间目标快速捕获.仿真试验结果表明,本文方法快速性好、准确率高,与已有算法中较快算法相比,目标捕获所用时间减少41.92%.     

快速边界识别算法用于达曼光栅掩模数据生成的研究

针对达曼光栅的数据写入问题,提出了一种快速边界识别算法（FBIA）用于复杂二元光学图形掩模的CIF格式数据的生成。该算法首先识别出达曼光栅图形的边界点,然后按照左手原则对边界点进行排序并构成闭合曲线。针对闭合曲线中可能出现的“孤岛”,该算法可自动识别并依据其数量对图形重新分割取点。结果表明FBIA算法具有搜索快、效率高等优点,可广泛应用于各种二元位相型元件CIF格式掩模板数据的生成。     

一种高效的基于平行边缘的道路识别算法

为了提高智能车辆道路识别的准确性和效率,设计了一种基于平行边缘特征的道路检测算法。提出了基于边缘连接的道路区域快速粗分割方法;对边缘点局部直线的检测和方向进行编码,利用竖直线实现了极大可能道路区域的估计;基于方向一致性判别准则,实现了极大可能道路区域内平行边缘的识别算法;提出了三个道路识别准则,综合运用平行边缘、道路的区域位置信息,实现了道路特征的准确识别。实验结果表明,本文算法能够快速并准确的提取典型的直线和弯曲道路模型中的道路区域,比以往算法在速度和准确性上都有较大的提升。     

基于支持向量机的图像飞机目标自动识别算法研究

为了能够快速、准确地识别飞机目标,文章给出了一种基于支持向量机的飞机目标自动识别方法;采用Touzi边缘提取,得到目标形状参数的几何特征,Hu不变矩等16个特征矢量作为SVM的训练样本,通过SVM训练得到飞机目标识别模型,从而完成飞机目标的自动识别;试验结果显示,该算法对不同尺度和模糊程度的飞机目标的识别度可达99%; 该算法减少了样本训练时间,在提高识别准确率的同时降低了算法的复杂度,具有识别度高、识别速度快的特点,可用于飞机目标的快速识别。     

非等间隔计时数据的X射线脉冲星周期快速搜索算法

利用X射线脉冲星信号的计时信息实现航天器深空导航具有重要意义,精确的时间模型(周期及周期导数)是获得高精度自主导航的基础.针对X射线光子并非等间隔地到达探测器的特点,在对比分析两种非等间隔数据处理方法(x2量评估方法和Lomb算法)的基础上,提出了用Lomb算法估计脉冲星周期初值,进一步使用x2量评估方法精化周期值的方法.同时运用快速傅里叶变换算法的思想对Lomb算法进行改进,较大地提高了程序的运算效率.最后利用X射线源仿真系统的计时数据对算法进行试验分析,搜索出准确的脉冲星周期和折叠出正确的脉冲轮廓.     

缺陷关联参数红外检测Levenberg-Marquardt改进识别算法研究

对Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)算法在缺陷参数估计修正过程中无法确保参数几何关联性的局限性进行改进,并保留原算法快速收敛的特性.以二维试件内部矩形缺陷红外检测为例,采用数值实验方法比较改进前后的LM算法,分析初始假设、红外测温误差对缺陷定量识别结果的影响.数值实验表明:改进后的LM算法参数修正过程中确保了关联性的一致性;不同初始假设对缺陷识别结果的影响不大;受红外测温误差的影响,各缺陷参数之间表现出不同的识别精度.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.