超声波清洗设备的目前发展方向

超声波清洗设备的发展方向目前有二个：一个是从单缸机到多缸机或自动化的超声清洗生产线;另一个是,从低频超声清洗机到高频超声清洗机。     

CQQ-1型超声汽相清洗机

上海超声波仪器厂最新研制成功的CQQ-1型超声汽相清洗机是一台新颖的清洗设备,它在超声清洗基本功能上采用了目前最理想而又广泛使用的三氟三氯乙烷及其共沸物作为清洗液,该清洗设备既具有汽相清洗特性,又有超声清洗优点,是目前世界上较流行而又普遍使用的清洗设备。它具有快捷和有效清除人工或机械难以去掉污垢的能力,因此,CQQ-1型超声汽相清洗机的问世,将成为电子元器件、精密机械、光学、     

超声波清洗技术及应用

 超声波是频率在人耳听觉范围上限(16kHz～20kHz)以上的声波,超声波因其频率高、方向性强、穿透本领大,尤其是在液体中能产生空化现象等特点,已被广泛应用到许多领域。超声波应用技术甚多,主要分为检测超声、医学超声、声表面波、功率超声及高频超声等,超声波清洗技术(以下简称“超声清洗”)是功率超声应用最广泛的一种。超声清洗有时被称“无刷清洗”,把工件放入超声清洗机中,无需任何刷、搓、滚动等清洗动作,污物“自动”从工件表面脱落,一会儿就干净如新,看起来非常神奇,那么,它究竟是怎样清洗的呢?     

功率超声与清洗技术

 超声波是物理学的一个分支,它是指频率在２０ｋＨｚ以上的声波．由于它具有良好的束射性、很高的强度和很强的穿透能力等特点,所以应用十分广泛．超声波的应用可以分为两大类：一类是检测超声;另一类是功率超声．检测超声是利用超声波的性质来对物质进行各种检验和测量,如Ｂ超、流量和液位测量等;而功率超声则是利用超声波振动形式的能量使物质的一些物理、化学和生物性质或状态发生改变。利用超声波进行清洗,是功率超声一种最广泛的应用,它起始于五十年代初,其特点是清洗速度快、质量高、易于实现自动化．特别适用于清洗表面形状复杂的工件,如对于精密工件上空穴、狭缝、凹槽、微孔及暗洞处,通常的洗刷方法难以奏效.     

超声驱动的超声波振动减摩作用研究

借助于动力学原理,对超声驱动中的垂直超声波振动的减摩作用进行了理论研究。将超声电机定子和转子接触区定子表面一点的超声波振动分解成水平振动和垂直振动,并分析了两个方向振动对超声电机驱动作用的影响。提出水平振动产生摩擦驱动力,垂直振动影响水平驱动的效果,将垂直方向超声波振动的作用等效为普通滑动试验中垂直于滑动方向超声波振动的作用,揭示了垂直方向超声波振动是导致超声驱动动摩擦系数降低的原因。试验结果与理论分析定性地一致。     

超声振动珩磨作用下空化泡动力学及影响参数

为了合理利用超声振动珩磨作用下的空化效应,以磨削区单个空化泡为研究对象,考虑珩磨头合成扰动速度和珩磨压力的作用建立了磨削区空化泡的动力学模型。数值模拟了空化泡初始半径,珩磨压力,液体静压力和超声声压幅值对磨削区空化效应的影响。研究表明考虑超声振动珩磨作用时,空化泡膨胀的幅值会受到抑制,其溃灭时间也会缩短,而且较容易出现稳态空化。珩磨压力和液体静压力对磨削区空化主要起抑制作用,超声波声压幅值在一定范围内能够促进磨削区空化效果的提升。本文的研究为进一步理解超声振动珩磨的空化机理提供了理论支持。     

VMOS大功率器件超声波清洗机系列产品试制成功

北京市新技术产业试验区的金星超声波应用技术研究所最近完成了VMOS大功率管超声波发生器及VMOS超声波清洗机。。其超声波功率从150W至1000W,频率为35KC和28KC,构成了新型的超声波清洗机系列。VMOS功率器件与晶体管比具有高开关速度、低开关损耗,低拖尾电流、对温度不敏感、无二次击穿,栅极电压激励所需信号功率小等优点,这使得VMOS超声波清洗机发生器可靠性高、效率高、体积小、重量轻。采用大功率VMOS器件制做超声波清洗     

超声换能器表面的振动状态

从超声波在波密介质和波疏介质之间的传播以及诱发共振发射超声波的角度,讨论了空气中超声声速测量实验所用超声换能器的表面振动状态.理论分析及实验测量结果表明:超声换能器表面振动状态与其结构有关,超声接收器表面位移振幅一般不为零.     

超声波清洗工艺实践

<正> 我厂使用的是一台CX-1型六槽超声波清洗机,它用了四台频率为22±2千赫兹,功率250瓦的超声波发生器,超声波发生器在工作中产生超音频电能,经换能器把电磁振荡转换成机械振动,从而在清洗液中产生超声场达到超声清洗的目的。目前,国内同行在研究超声波清洗的工艺规范和通用夹具方面已经积累了丰富的经验,但这一新技术距稳定应用于生产并完全达到理想的清洗效果还有一定的距离。工艺流程和合     

磁纳米粒子介导的磁致振动超声成像研究现状及展望*

超声成像作为临床上常用的影像检测方法,在疾病诊断、术中导航和术后评估等方面发挥重要作用。随着纳米技术的快速发展,不同的微纳米材料或成像探针的构建,为超声成像提供新的发展动力。其中,磁纳米粒子介导的磁致振动超声成像是近年来发展的一种新兴的成像技术。其主要原理是基于磁纳米粒子在变化磁场作用下产生磁致振动,利用超声波探测粒子的振动信息即可获得该粒子的空间分布信息。由于磁纳米粒子作为构建分子成像探针的重要组成部分,该成像方法有望为超声分子成像提供新的思路,具有较大的研究价值和应用前景。基于此,该文将围绕磁纳米粒子介导的磁致振动超声成像技术的原理和研究现状展开介绍,并对该技术的发展趋势进行展望。     

干式变压器有限元仿真模型的电磁和振动分析

随着电力需求的逐年增长,干式变压器的数量也在不断增加。干式变压器在运行时存在着振动和噪声的问题,为了对干式变压器振动的规律与特点进行研究,本文建立了干式变压器本体振动的有限元仿真模型,通过电磁分析获得相应的磁场分布,然后利用结构动力学分析得到其本体振动的相关规律。通过对处于运行状态的变压器振动数据进行实测分析,得到变压器振动的特征频率,然后对仿真结果进行对比分析,可以发现振动幅度与频率之间存在的关系。本文的研究结果可对干式变压器的减振降噪研究提供参考。     

Optimization design of high power ultrasonic circular ring radiator in coupled vibration

This paper presents a new high power ultrasonic (HPU) radiator, which consists of a transducer, an ultrasonic horn, and a metal circular ring. Both the transducer and horn in longitudinal vibrations are used to drive a metal circular ring in a radial-axial coupled vibration. This coupled vibration cannot only generate ultrasound in both the radial and axial directions, but also focus the ultrasound inside the circular ring. Except for the radial-axial coupled vibration mode, the third longitudinal harmonic vibration mode with relative large vibration amplitude is also detected, which can be used as another operation mode. Overall, the HPU with these two vibration modes should have good potential to be applied in liquid processing, such as sonochemistry, ultrasonic cleaning, and Chinese herbal medicine extraction.     

Study on rectangular ultrasonic radiator of flexural resonant vibration in high modes

Based on the theory of coupling vibration and flexural vibration of thin rod of rectangular cross section, the fiexural vibration of rectangular thin plate was studied. The frequency equation was derived under the condition of freeboundaries. The normal modes and the relation between the normal modes and the resonant frequency were obtained. Experiments showed that the calculated resonant frequencies agree well with the measured results, and the rectangular thin plate in flexural vibration has abundant resonant frequencies. The radiator of flexural vibration used in ultrasonic cleaning and other techniques has the advantages of large acoustic radiating area, uniform acoustic field and easy adjustment of resonant frequencies, proving that it is a promising ultrasonic source.     

Ultrasonic washing of textiles

We present the results of experimental investigation of ultrasonic washing of textiles. The results demonstrate that cavitation bubbles oscillating in acoustic fields are capable of removing soils from textiles. Since the washing performance is mitigated in a large washing bath when using an ultrasonic transducer, we propose a novel washing scheme by combining the ultrasonic vibration with a conventional washing method utilizing kinetic energy of textiles. It is shown that the hybrid washing scheme achieves a markedly enhanced performance up to 15% in comparison with the conventional washing machine. This work can contribute to developing a novel laundry machine with reduced washing time and waste water.     

Surface cleaning of metals by pulsed-laser irradiation in air

The surface-cleaning effect of metals was investigated using KrF-excimer-laser irradiation of metal surfaces in air. The laser-induced cleaning of copper, stainless steel and aluminum surfaces was studied. It is found that laser cleaning is an effective cleaning process for metals even if the metal surfaces are heavily contaminated. It is also found that short wavelength and pulse duration are necessary for laser surface-cleaning. The energy density of the laser pulse is an important parameter in the cleaning process. Low energy density results in a cleaner surface but a larger pulse number is required, whereas high energy density can achieve higher cleaning efficiency but the temperature rise can cause surface oxidation and secondary contamination. In contrast to the KrF-excimer-laser, the pulsed CO₂ laser is not effective in surface-cleaning. The mechanisms of laser cleaning may include laser photodecomposition, laser ablation and surface vibration due to the impact of the laser pulse. Laser cleaning provides a new dry process to clean different substrate surfaces and can replace the conventional wet cleaning processes such as ultrasonic cleaning with CFC and other organic solvents.     

Analysis of the sandwich piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer in coupled vibration

The coupled vibration of the sandwich piezoelectric transducer with a large cross-section is analyzed using an approximate analytic method. The resonance frequency equations of the transducer are derived and the effect of the geometrical dimensions on the resonance frequency is studied. It is illustrated that when the radial vibration in the transducer is considered, the vibration of the sandwich transducer becomes more complex. Apart from the longitudinal resonance frequency, the radial resonance frequency can also be obtained. For comparison, numerical methods are also used to simulate the coupled vibration; the resonance frequency and the vibrational displacement distribution are computed. Compared with one-dimensional longitudinal theory, the radial dimensions of the transducer are no longer limited because the coupled vibration is considered. Compared with numerical methods, the physical meaning of the analytic method is concise. It is illustrated that the resonance frequencies obtained from the coupled resonance frequency equations are in good agreement with those from numerical methods, and they are in better agreement with the measured results than those from one-dimensional theory. Since the radial and the coupled vibration are considered in the analysis, more resonance frequencies can be obtained. Therefore, using the coupled resonance frequency equations, the sandwich transducer with multifrequency or wide frequency bandwidth can be designed and used in ultrasonic cleaning, ultrasonic sonochemistry and other applications.     

Effects of ultrasonic energy on dyeing of polyamide (microfibre)/Lycra blends

Although ultrasonic energy is widely used cleaning and degreasing of parts and assemblies in automotive and other industries, the use of ultrasonic energy in an industrial scale for textile washing is very new. This is due to the complexity of controlling the combination of chemical and mechanical effects, whereas with degreasing of machine parts only the mechanical effects is applied. The use of ultrasonic energy in dyeing PA/Lycra fabrics with reactive dyes has been studied spectrophotometrically in this work. PA/Lycra (85/15) blends have been dyed using conventional and ultrasonic dyeing techniques with three reactive dyes containing different chromophore and reactive groups. The dyeing carried out conventionally and by the use of ultrasonic techniques. The results were compared in terms of percentage exhaustion; total dye transferred to the washing bath after dyeing and the fastness properties.     

流体动力式超声与槽式超声提取黄芩的比较

目的:比较两种超声发生器对化学反应的促进作用。方法:首先用碘释放测量法进行实验,分别用气哨式流体动力式超声发生器和槽式超声清洗仪处理碘化钾溶液,采用分光光度法测定碘化钾溶液的吸光度。随后分别用流体动力式超声与槽式超声提取黄芩,采用高效液相色谱法测定黄芩苷含量。结果:经流体动力式超声发生器和槽式超声清洗仪处理的碘化钾溶液的吸光度分别为0.990和0.498。以水为溶剂用流体动力式超声提取黄芩,黄芩苷含量显著高于槽式超声。结论:流体动力式发生器(每升能耗0.0156kwh)的空化效应高于槽式超声清洗仪(每升能耗0.0148kwh)。     

高功率超声脉冲激励下金属板的非线性振动现象研究

对高功率超声脉冲作用下金属板中的超谐波、次谐波、准次谐波以及混沌等非线性振动现象进行了实验和理论研究.在实验中,高功率超声换能器产生脉冲调制的高频振动激励金属板产生非线性振动,利用激光测振技术测量不同尺寸和不同固定方式下金属板复杂的非线性振动情况,并对其进行了时序分析、频谱分析以及相空间分析.根据实验条件,提出包含非线性接触阻尼的振动-碰撞动力学模型,用以研究强超声振动-碰撞作用下的板非线性振动机制,并进行了相应的理论计算.计算结果表明,超声换能器的变幅杆与金属板之间的间歇性高频碰撞作用是金属板强非线性振 关键词： 非线性板振动 强超声脉冲激发 振动-碰撞动力学     

超声清洗装置空化噪声谱分析法空化噪声级测量

空化强度是用以衡量液体介质中空化活动的剧烈程度,同时空化效应在超声清洗中起关键作用,因此,测量超声清洗槽中的空化强度便可了解其中空化活动的情况.当发生空化时,液体介质中会产生成分复杂空化噪声,对空化噪声谱进行分析和计算得到空化噪声级,据此可判断空化强度.实验测得结果表明:超声清洗装置内稳态空化分布广泛、均匀,瞬态空化分...