用于飞行时间测量的大面积闪烁计数器时间性能

我们研制了用于飞行时间测量的大面积闪烁计数器(100×20×1cm³), 并对其时间性能进行了测量. 在使用了一种新型的时间平均器后, 大面积闪烁计数器飞行时间测量系统的时间分辨率达到347%.     

海平面宇宙线μ子垂直绝对强度及积分动量谱测量

利用两个大面积塑料闪烁计数器和两个液体闪烁计数器组成的望远镜系统与铅吸收体组成射程谱仪, 并用一个灵敏体积为70×50×30cm³的流光室作为剔除簇射装置, 1981年冬季, 对北京地区海平面宇宙线μ子垂直通量及其积分动量谱进行了测量. 动量测量范围为0.2 GeV/c至1.3 GeV/c μ子的垂直通量为9.2×10^－3sr^－1cm^－2s^－1. 在3.5×10⁴张照片进行了扫描判别, 可得簇射比例约占30%. 文中并对若干修正进行了讨论.     

高精度多探头磁场测量系统

兰州重离子研究装置的磁场测量系统已于1983年10月建立. 多探头长臂上装有94个霍尔片. 测磁支架采用长臂、动环和定环组成的以加速器几何中心为原点的极坐系结构. 由小型计算机承担自动控制和数据的获取与处理工作. 对16KG磁场, 本系统的测量重复性好于±5×10^－5, 测量精确度估计为±1×10^－4. 测量速度约为每分钟188个数据.     

1015eV附近初级宇宙线能谱指数的测量

本文介绍一个通过测量高能宇宙线初级粒子在广延大气簇射中发射的切伦柯夫光脉冲来确定初级宇宙线能谱的方法和装置. 给出了在能量范围2.9×10¹⁴－4.0×10¹⁵eV内,初级宇宙线积分能谱幂指数γ=1.80±0.11.     

能量为6×1014~5×1016eV的宇宙线能谱研究

1982年, 作者在悉尼大学对能量为6×10¹⁴~5×10¹⁶eV的高能宇宙线的能谱进行了实验研究. 实验采用了快速、高效率的电子仪器, 并用电子计算机进行控制, 实现了高度自动化. 研究结果表明, 初级宇宙线的积分能谱可表示为I=K.(E/E₀)^－γ, 式中γ的数值在能量E为3×10¹⁵eV附近由1.15±0.04改变为1.19±0.08.     

质心系能量40GeV e+e－反应中, 利用时间扩展室测定τ粒子寿命可达到精度的蒙特卡洛计算

到目前为止, 利用e⁺e^－→τ⁺τ^－反应测量τ粒子寿命的最精确测定值是MARKⅡ实验组报道的(3.20±0.41±0.35)×10^－13秒, 其中第二、三两项分别为统计误差和系统误差. 我们的计算表明, 在与上述实验相同的束流管道壁厚、束流空间分散和积分亮度(40pb^－1)条件下, 利用r-φ平面上位置分辨40μ的时间扩展室作为顶点探测器, 当质心系能量为√s=40GeV时, τ寿命的统计误差可降低到0.13×10^－13秒, 估计系统误差的大小与统计误差相近.     

61.8MeV12C在27Al上的深部非弹性碰撞研究

用ΔE-E望远镜技术和飞行时间技术对61.8MeV的¹²C离子轰击²⁷Al靶的反应测量了从⁶Li到¹⁶O的诸同位素能谱. 得到了质心系微分截面等高图及出射碎片角分布. 从而得到轻系统深部非弹性碰撞过程的能量全弛豫值, 并在耗散模型框架中, 通过实验的能量全弛豫值与理论值的比较, 得到了出射道的库仑能、核势能与转动能各自的贡献. 通过理论拟合角分布, 得出双核系统平均相互作用时间在1×10^－21—1.4×10^－22秒之间, 得到了出射碎片分离时的最接近距离的参数值. 通过势能面的计算, 说明了出射产物产额的变化趋势. 并从总产物角分布分解出准弹性截面及深部非弹性截面数值.     

A study of radiation effects of 9 and 12 MeV protons on Chinese CMOS image sensor degradation

The 9 and 12MeV proton irradiations of the Chinese CMOS Image Sensor in the fluence range from 1×10⁹ to 4×10×10cm^－2 and 1×10⁹ to 2×1012cm^－2 have been carried out respectively. The color pictures and dark output images are captured, and the average brightness of dark output images is calculated. The anti-irradiation fluence thresholds for 9 and 12~MeV protons are about 4×10¹⁰ and 2×10¹² cm^－2, respectively. These can be explained by the change of the concentrations of irradiation-induced electron-hole pairs and vacancies in the various layers of CMOS image sensor calculated by the TRIM simulation program.     

多级雪崩室性能研究

我们制作了一个有效探测面积9×9cm²的小型多级雪崩室。利用一个简单的气体混合系统获得该室所需要的氩-丙酮混合气体,混合比可用调节气体流量的方法加以控制。在丙酮浓度2.7％的条件下,利用⁵⁵Fe 5.9 keV X射线研究室的性能,并测量了丙酮浓度对室性能的效应。     

Raman scattering investigation of C-doped a-SiO_2 after high energy heavy ion irradiations

Thermally grown amorphous SiO₂ films were implanted at room temperature with 100 keV C-ions to 5.0×10¹⁷ or 1.2×10¹⁸ ions/cm². These samples were irradiated at room temperature with 853 MeV Pb-ions to 5.0×10¹¹, 1.0×10¹², 5.0×10¹² ions/cm², or with 308 MeV Xe-ions to 1.0×10¹², 1.0×10¹³, 1.0×10¹⁴ ions/cm², respectively. Then the samples were investigated using micro-Raman spectroscopy. From the obtained Raman spectra, we deduced that Si--C bonds and sp² carbon sites were created and nano-inclusions may also be produced in the heavy ion irradiated C-doped SiO₂. Furthermore, some results show that Pb ion irradiations could produce larger size inclusions than Xe ions and the inclusion size decreased with increasing the irradiation fluence. The possible modification process of C-doped a-SiO₂ under swift heavy ion irradiations was briefly discussed.     

超高速摄影用高强度铝合金转镜动态特性的研究

转镜型超高速摄影机的信息容量取决于转镜的材料和横截面形状.本文首次对超高速摄影用高强度铝合金转镜从理论和实验两个方面进行了系统研究.研究表明:高强度铝合金是超高速分幅摄影机转镜的理想材料;当铝转镜截面形状为正三角形、镜面尺寸为(17×32.5)mm²时,转速已达(50×10⁴)rpm,镜面尺寸为(33×24)mm²时,转速已达(40×10⁴)rpm.     

超小型光-X射线微微秒变象管扫描相机的设计

超小型光-X射线微微秒变象管扫描相机,采用了近聚焦微通道板增强的变象管和电子学上达不到的有微微秒上升和下降时间的光电开关。相机有～2微微秒的时间分辨率,扫描速度近3×10¹⁰厘米/秒,能对可见光及激光引发核聚变产生的X射线进行条纹照相,可测量超短激光脉冲,进行微微秒定时,检验微微秒变象管特性。整机微微秒光电脉冲通道全用匹配连接,具有性能好,结构紧凑,元件少,体积小,重量轻的特点。     

Investigation of PL properties of C-doped SiO2/Si samples after high energy Pb ion irradiation

Amorphous SiO₂ thin films with about 400—500 nm in thickness were thermally grown on single crystalline silicon. These SiO₂/Si samples were firstly implanted at room temperature (RT) with 100 keV carbon ions to 2.0×10¹⁷, 5.0×10¹⁷ or 1.2×10¹⁸ ions/cm², then irradiated at RT by 853 MeV Pb ions to 5.0×10¹¹, 1.0×10¹², 2.0×10¹² or 5.0×10¹² ions/cm², respectively. The variation of photoluminescence (PL) properties of these samples was analyzed at RT using a fluorescent spectroscopy. The obtained results showed that Pb-ion irradiations led to significant changes of the PL properties of the carbon ion implanted SiO₂ films. For examples, 5.0×10¹² Pb-ions/cm² irradiation produced huge blue and green light-emitters in 2.0×10¹⁷ C-ions/cm² implanted samples, which resulted in the appearance of two intense PL peaks at about 2.64 and 2.19 eV. For 5.0×10¹⁷ carbon-ions/cm² implanted samples, 2.0×10¹² Pb-ions/cm² irradiation could induce the formation of a strong and wide violet band at about 2.90 eV, whereas 5.0×10¹² Pb-ions/cm² irradiation could create double peaks of light emissions at about 2.23 and 2.83 eV. There is no observable PL peak in the 1.2×10¹⁸ carbon-ions/cm² implanted samples whether it was irradiated with Pb ions or not. All these results implied that special light emitters could be achieved by using proper ion implantation and irradiation conditions, and it will be very useful for the synthesis of new type of SiO₂-based light-emission materials.     

Influence of thermal and resonance neutron on fast neutron flux measurement by 239Pu fission chamber

The ²³⁹Pu fission chambers are widely used to measure fission spectrum neutron flux due to a flat response to fast neutrons. However, in the meantime the resonance and thermal neutrons can cause a significant influence on the measurement if they are moderated, which could be eliminated by using ¹⁰B and Cd covers. At a column enriched uranium fast neutron critical assembly, the fission reaction rates of ²³⁹Pu are measured as 1.791× 10^-16, 2.350×10^-16 and 1.385× 10^-15 per second for 15 mm thick ¹⁰B cover, 0.5 mm thick Cd cover, and no cover respectively, while the fission reaction rate of ²³⁹Pu is rapidly increased to 2.569× 10^-14 for a 20 mm thick polythene covering fission chamber. The average ²³⁹Pu fission cross-section of thermal and resonance neutrons is calculated to be 500 b and 24.95 b with the assumption of 1/v and 1/E spectra respectively, then thermal, resonance and fast neutron flux are achieved to be 2.30× 10⁶, 2.24× 10⁶ and 1.04× 10⁸ cm^-2·^-1.     

Al、Ti、V、I的快中子激发曲线

在E_n=4.5—18.3 MeV 能区,用活化法测量了²⁷Al（n,α）²⁴Na,⁴⁶Ti（n,p）⁴⁶Sc¹),⁴⁸Ti（n,p）⁴⁸Sc¹),⁵¹V（n,α）⁴⁸Sc 和¹²⁷I（n,2n）¹²⁶I 的激发曲线.在 E_n=14.61±0.20 MeV 处,以伴随粒子法作中子通量测量,得到了²⁷Al（n,α）²⁴Na 反应截面.其他反应以此截面为标准进行绝对测量.产物核放射性用经标定过效率的 NaI（Tl）闪烁谱仪测量.结果分别为117.5±3.0 mb,291.4±14.0 mb,63.7±3.2 mb,16.8±0.9 mb 和1656±68mb.最后对测量结果进行了简单的比较.     

α-锆低压动态力学特性研究

 在3.3×10^-4～1.5×10³ s^-1应变率范围内获得了α-锆的应力-应变曲线，给出了Johnson-Cook本构拟合参数。利用含动态损伤与断裂的一维程序，较好复显了在峰值应力4.3～5.1 GPa范围测量的α-锆自由面速度剖面，验证了确定的α-锆低压动态力学参数的合理性。     

一种层子和轻子的结构模型

提出了一种亚层子模型. 层子和轻子是由rishon T和V组成的. T和V是SU_H(3)×SU_C(3)×SU_G(2)×U(1)群的多重态. 由这些多重态可以自然地得到三代层子和轻子. 在此模型中质子衰变为μ^－e⁺e⁺或e^－μ⁺μ⁺.     

Surface morphology of He-implanted single-crystalline silicon

Single-crystalline Si (100) samples were implanted with 30 keV He²⁺ ions to doses ranging from 2.0×10¹⁶ to 2.0×10¹⁷ions /cm² and subsequently thermally annealed at 800℃ for 30min. The morphological change of the samples with the increase of implantation dose was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that oblate-shaped blisters with an average height around 4.0nm were found on the 2.0×10¹⁶ ions /cm² implanted sample surface; spherical-shaped blisters with an average height around 10.0nm were found on the 5.0×10¹⁶ ions /cm² implanted sample surface; strip-shaped and conical cracks were observed on the sample He-implanted to a dose of 1.0×10¹⁷ ions /cm². Exfoliations occurred on the sample surface to a dose of 2.0×10¹⁷ ions /cm². Mechanisms underlying the surface change were discussed.     

可调电场漂移室的结构和主要性能

本文介绍一种灵敏面积为20×20cm²的可调电场漂移室的基本结构和主要性能。获得空间分辨率120μm,时间分辨率（FWHM）5.3ns,效率99％以上,漂移单元内幅度均匀,空间-时间呈线性关系,对于⁵⁵Fe X射线能量分辨率22.5％。     

在海平面宇宙线中寻找小电荷粒子

用符合计数器望远镜测量电离损失的方法,在海平面宇宙线中寻找相对论性的小电荷粒子。实验中用厚碘化钠（铊）计数器测量粒子的很小电离损失,来确定粒子电荷。用反符合环形计数器排除侧面进入的粒子本底,实验测量了电荷范围从1/12到1/4电子电荷的小电荷区域。测量的初步结果给出:海平面宇宙线中的（非大气簇射中心区的）小电荷粒子通量的上限,在电荷0.08到0.19电子电荷范围内及0.19到0.25电子电荷范围内,分别小于4×10^-5粒子/平方厘米·秒·立体孤度及2×10^-5粒子/平方厘来·秒·立体弧度（置信水平90％）。