应用红外光谱研究电场对超氧化物歧化酶二级结构的影响

超氧化物歧化酶经不同强度的电场处理,利用红外光谱法研究电场对超氧化物歧化酶二级结构的影响。结果表明,经不同电场强度处理的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),其二级结构单元百分含量有不同程度的变化。α-螺旋和β-折叠结构单元在电场处理后,均为减少;β-转角结构单元均为增加;无规卷曲结构单元除4.0 kV·cm-1电场处理条件减少外,其余电场处理条件均为增加。电场处理具有使超氧化物歧化酶的α-螺旋、β-折叠向β-转角和无轨卷曲结构转化的作用,且不同电场条件下其转化情况不同。研究结果还表明,电场的作用使SOD活性发生改变,SOD活性变化与β-折叠含量变化相关。     

头孢噻肟与人血清白蛋白的相互作用机制

用光谱技术研究人血清蛋白(HSA)与头孢噻肟(CTX)分子间结合作用机制, 头孢噻肟与β-内酰胺酶的亲和力。由Lineweave-Burk双倒数作图法确定了该反应的解离常数K_d=1.22×10-4,用同步荧光技术考察头孢噻肟对人血清蛋白构象的影响。依据Frster非辐射能量转移机制,得到给体-受体间的结合距离和能量转移效率,确定了头孢噻肟与人血清白蛋白以疏水作用为主。认为头孢噻肟对β-内酰胺酶稳定性与药物结构有关;抗菌活性和抗生素效力与能量转移效率和解离常数有关。同步荧光技术考察头孢噻肟对人血清蛋白构象的影响。     

羟基磷灰石结晶对牛血清白蛋白二级结构影响的光谱研究

通过圆二色谱(CD)及傅里叶变换红外光谱及退卷积、曲线拟合等技术研究了羟基磷灰石结晶对牛血清白蛋白二级结构的影响。CD谱结果表明,在纯的牛血清白蛋白中,α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角及无规则卷曲等4种结构的含量分别为56.8%, 5.8%, 14.1%, 23.9%;而在羟基磷灰石/牛血清白蛋白溶液中,4种结构的含量分别为25.4%, 25.0%, 20.0%和29.7%, 红外光谱结果与其一致。由此可以看出, 晶体的形成使牛血清白蛋白的α-螺旋结构含量减少,β-折叠结构含量增多,且随着反应时间的进行α-螺旋结构减少越来越明显,β-折叠结构增加越来越多,表明在溶液中部分α-螺旋结构转变为β-折叠结构。文章对这种变化的本质进行了初步探讨。     

应用圆二色光谱研究电场对辣根过氧化物酶二级结构的影响

辣根过氧化物酶(ＨＲＰ)经不同强度的电场处理,用圆二色光谱研究了电场对辣根过氧化物酶二级结构的影响。结果表明：在1.0～6.0 kV·cm-1范围, 不同强度的电场对辣根过氧化物酶的α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角及无规卷曲相对含量的影响程度不同。与对照组相比,处理组的α-螺旋、β-转角和无规卷曲含量降低,降幅范围分别为0.3%～11.4%,1.7%～15.3%和0.9%～20.4%;β-折叠含量增加,增幅范围为0.9%～82.7%。电场作用具有使辣根过氧化物酶的二级结构中α-螺旋、β-转角和无规卷曲向β-折叠转化的趋势。研究结果对解释电场处理种子生物效应具有重要意义。     

头孢哌酮与人血清白蛋白相互作用机制

用光谱方法研究人血清白蛋白(HSA)与头孢哌酮 (CPZ)分子间结合作用机制,头孢哌酮与β-内酰胺酶的亲和力。由Lineweave-Burk双倒数作图法确定了该反应的解离常数(15 ℃)K_d=1.10×10-4,(37 ℃)K_d=0.85×10-4。依据Frster非辐射能量转移机制,得到给体-受体间的结合距离和能量转移效率;确定了头孢哌酮与人血清白蛋白以静电作用为主。认为头孢哌酮对β-内酰胺酶稳定性与药物结构有关;抗菌活性和抗生素效力与能量转移效率和解离常数有关。同步荧光技术考察头孢哌酮对人血清蛋白构象的影响。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱对阴离子表面活性剂SDS与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的研究

对牛血清白蛋白BSA与阴离子表面活性剂SDS在水溶液中不同浓度和不同相互作用时间的红外光谱进行了研究。研究表明,短时间和低浓度时SDS使BSA的α-螺旋结构增加,无规结构降低,没有破坏蛋白质的二级结构;当SDS浓度很大或者SDS与BSA的作用时间长时,蛋白质的二级结构遭到破坏,BSA的α-螺旋结构降低,无规结构增加。     

高压脉冲电场对脂肪氧化酶二级和三级构象的影响效果

应用圆二色谱和荧光光谱研究了高压脉冲电场(PEF)对脂肪氧化酶(LOX)的二级和三级构象的影响效果。研究结果表明PEF破坏了LOX二级和三级结构。PEF处理后,LOX的CD光谱中两个特征负峰值显著降低,二级结构中α-螺旋含量显著降低(p<0.05),并且LOX中α-螺旋含量和电场强度之间存在良好线性关系。PEF处理后LOX发射光谱中特征峰(337和583 nm)的荧光强度显著增大(p<0.05),特征峰相对荧光强度和电场强度之间存在良好线性关系。结果表明PEF酶活钝化跟酶二级和三级结构的破坏有关,为PEF钝酶机理研究提供理论基础。     

蜂王浆不同贮存条件下蛋白质二级结构的Fourier变换红外光谱研究

蜂王浆的质量与贮存时间和温度相关。测定了在不同温度下经过不同时间贮存后的蜂王浆Fourier变换红外光谱,应用去卷积和曲线拟合方法对蜂王浆的酰胺Ⅰ带进行分析,以期得到其蛋白质二级结构的组成。结果表明：这些蜂王浆之间存在明显而有规律的光谱差异,蛋白质二级结构的组成之间也存在显著差异。随着贮存时间增加和温度升高,蜂王浆蛋白质二级结构的α-螺旋和β-折叠分别显著减少和增加,β-转角也有增加的趋势,其变化幅度为28 ℃＞16 ℃＞4 ℃＞-18 ℃。这些结果与蜂王浆应该低温保存的理论相符。FTIR红外光谱结合去卷积、二阶导数和曲线拟合方法是评价蜂王浆品质和新鲜度的一种有效方法。     

动态超高压微射流对卵清蛋白微观结构的影响

采用圆二色谱(CD)、X射线衍射(XRD)、ANS荧光探针和紫外(UV)光谱研究了动态超高压微射流对卵清蛋白微观结构的影响。结果表明：卵清蛋白的微观结构的变化与处理压力有关,CD显示不同压力处理的卵清蛋白二级结构中的α-螺旋,β-折叠,β-转角和无规卷曲之间发生相互转化,二级结构的有序性提高;X射线衍射图谱直观显示不同压力处理的卵清蛋白晶体结构增加,160 MPa处理下结晶区最大,说明蛋白结构的有序性提高,与CD分析结果相似;ANS荧光探针光谱显示卵清蛋白的表面疏水性随着处理压力的增大而提高,120 MPa处理下达到最大;紫外光谱显示随着处理压力的增大,卵清蛋白最大紫外吸光值下降,卵清蛋白分子表面的具有紫外吸收的芳香氨基酸残基被包埋于分子内部,卵清蛋白的三维结构发生改变。     

γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷在铁电极表面吸附的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

对在铁电极表面制备得到的γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(γ-APS)膜进行了研究。实验中对硅烷膜用现场表面增强拉曼散射光谱(SERS)进行了表征,发现现场表面增强拉曼散射光谱(SERS)是研究金属基底上γ-APS结构非常有效的手段,SERS结果表明硅醇羟基和氨基发生了竞争吸附,且在外加电位、激光照射等条件的影响下吸附状态会发生一定变化,氨基的不同存在方式之间在过程中也会发生转变。     

微波辐照对胶原蛋白三股螺旋结构的影响

胶原蛋白的三股螺旋结构是其不同于其他蛋白质的特殊结构，也是其具有特殊功能的基础，然而，胶原的三股螺旋结构易在外界条件的影响下被破坏。目前微波已被越来越多的应用于胶原蛋白的提取和改性过程，但是关于微波辐照对胶原蛋白结构影响的研究还相对较少。首先从牛跟腱中提取胶原蛋白，然后采用0.5 mg·mL-1的胶原蛋白溶液在30 ℃下以微波辐照保温为实验样，水浴加热和未经加热处理为对比样，最后采用紫外-可见光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、圆二色谱以及荧光发射光谱等方法，对不同加热方法中胶原蛋白的三股螺旋结构和超分子结构进行表征，研究了微波辐照对胶原蛋白结构的影响。实验结果表明，在低于胶原变性温度的条件下，无论是微波辐照还是水浴加热都不会破坏胶原蛋白的三股螺旋结构，也不会使胶原蛋白变性。但是，与水浴加热相比，微波辐照会对胶原蛋白的聚集行为产生抑制作用。微波辐照对胶原蛋白的作用既有与常规加热相同的热效应，又有常规加热过程中不存在的非热效应，非热效应表现为抑制胶原蛋白的聚集行为。研究结果可为微波场中胶原蛋白结构和性质的变化提供科学依据。     

用傅里叶变换红外光谱研究增强UV-B辐射对PSⅡ蛋白结构的影响

运用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术研究了增强紫外线-B(UV-B)辐射对植物光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)中膜蛋白结构的影响.结果显示在增强的UV-B辐射条件下,PSⅡ中蛋白的α-螺旋、β-折叠强度增加,而β-转角的强度下降了近一倍,并且这些结构与周围的耦合减弱.此外,UV-B辐射使酪氨酸残基苯酚环的结构发生改变,并使其微极性降低.UV-...     

傅里叶变换显微红外光谱法研究羟自由基与红细胞膜脂和膜蛋 …

利用傅里叶变换显微红外光谱法和计算机辅助解析法研究了羟自由基作用于红细胞后膜蛋白二级结构的变化规律及羟自由基对红细胞膜脂质损伤的作用机理。结果表明，由于羟自由基的攻击，导致表征蛋白质二级结构的α－螺旋的含量发生变化；自由基损伤３０分钟后，放置３小时其蛋白结构仍不能恢复；     

Real-time Thermal Imaging of Microwave Accelerated Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence (MAMEF) Based Assays on Sapphire Plates

In this paper, we describe an optical geometry that facilitates our further characterization of the temperature changes above silver island films (SiFs) on sapphire plates, when exposed to microwave radiation. Since sapphire transmits IR, we designed an optical scheme to capture real-time temperature images of a thin water film on sapphire plates with and without SiFs during the application of a short microwave pulse. Using this optical scheme, we can accurately determine the temperature profile of solvents in proximity to metal structures when exposed to microwave irradiation. We believe that this optical scheme will provide us with a basis for further studies in designing metal structures to further improve plasmonic-fluorescence clinical sensing applications, such as those used in microwave accelerated metal-enhanced fluorescence (MAMEF).     

High-field DNP and ENDOR with a novel multiple-frequency resonance structure.

We describe a new triply tuned (e(-), (1)H, and (13)C) resonance structure operating at an electron Larmor frequency of 139.5 GHz for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and electron nuclear double-resonance (ENDOR) experiments. In contrast to conventional double-resonance structures, the body of the microwave cavity simultaneously acts as a NMR coil, allowing for increased efficiency of radiofrequency irradiation while maintaining a high quality factor for microwave irradiation. The resonator design is ideal for low-gamma-nuclei ENDOR, where sensitivity is limited by the fact that electron spin relaxation times are on the order of the RF pulse lengths. The performance is demonstrated with (2)H ENDOR on a standard perdeuterated bis-diphenylene-phenyl-allyl stable radical. In DNP experiments, we show that the use of this resonator, combined with a low microwave power setup (17 mW), leads to significantly higher (1)H signal enhancement (epsilon approximately 400 +/- 50) than previously achieved at 5-T fields. The results emphasize the importance of optimizing the microwave B(1) field by improving either the quality factor of the microwave resonator or the microwave power level.     

Gene delivery process in a single animal cell after femtosecond laser microinjection

Microinjection of extracellular molecules into a single animal cell was performed by an amplified femtosecond laser irradiation. When a single-shot laser pulse was focused on the plasma membrane of a single fibroblast from the mouse cell line NIH3T3 with a high-numerical aperture objective lens, a transient hole with a diameter of 1 μm was formed. The delivery process of extracellular molecules immediately after the hole formation was monitored by a fluorescence staining with fluoresceinisothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran). Then the gene expression was confirmed using a DNA plasmid of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The gene expression was observed when the laser pulse was focused first on the cellular membrane and then on the nuclear membrane, while the gene was not expressed when the laser was focused only on the cellular membrane. On the basis of these results, the efficiency of gene delivery by the femtosecond laser microinjection and the subsequent gene expression were clarified.     

Electromagnetic simulation study of dielectric wall accelerator structures

Two types of dielectric wall accelerator (DWA) structures, a bi-polar Blumlein line and zero integral pulse line (ZIP) structures were investigated. The high gradient insulator simulated by the particle in cell code con rms that it has little in uence on the axial electric field. The results of simulations using CST microwave studio indicate how the axial electric field is formed, and the electric eld waveforms agree with the theoretical one very well. The in uence of layer-to-layer coupling in a ZIP structure is much smaller and the electric eld waveform is much better. The axial of the Blumlein structure's electric field has better axial stability. From both of the above, it found that for a shorter pulse width, the axial electric field is much higher and the pulse stability and delity are much better. The CST simulation is very helpful for designing DWA structures.     

FTIR analysis of protein secondary structure in cheddar cheese during ripening

Proteolysis is one of the most important biochemical reactions during cheese ripening. Studies on the secondary structure of proteins during ripening would be helpful for characterizing protein changes for assessing cheese quality. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), with self-deconvolution, second derivative analysis and band curve-fitting, was used to characterize the secondary structure of proteins in Cheddar cheese during ripening. The spectra of the amide I region showed great similarity, while the relative contents of the secondary structures underwent a series of changes. As ripening progressed, the alpha-helix content decreased and the beta-sheet content increased. This structural shift was attributed to the strengthening of hydrogen bonds that resulted from hydrolysis of caseins. In summary, FTIR could provide the basis for rapid characterization of cheese that is undergoing ripening.     

Ultrasound combined with slightly acidic electrolyzed water thawing of mutton: Effects on physicochemical properties,oxidation and structure of myofibrillar protein

The effects of air thawing (AT), water immersion thawing (WT), microwave thawing (MT) and ultrasound combined with slightly acidic electrolyzed water thawing (UST) on the myofibrillar protein (MP) properties (surface hydrophobicity, solubility, turbidity, particle size and zeta potential), protein oxidation (carbonyl content and sulfhydryl content) and structure (primary, secondary and tertiary) of frozen mutton were investigated in comparison with fresh mutton (FM). The solubility and turbidity results showed that the MP properties were significantly improved in the UST treatment. UST treatment could effectively reduce the MP aggregation and enhance the stability, which was similar to the FM. In addition, UST treatment could effectively inhibit protein oxidation during thawing as well. The primary structure of MP was not damaged by the thawing methods. UST treatment could reduce the damage to MP secondary and tertiary structure during the thawing process compared to other thawing methods. Overall, the UST treatment had a positive influence in maintaining the MP properties by inhibiting protein oxidation and protecting protein structure.     

基于二维相关红外光谱的鱼糜品质检测可行性分析

对二维相关光谱在鱼糜品质检测中的可行性进行了分析。利用二维相关技术结合中红外光谱技术对冻融处理后白鲢鱼糜蛋白二级结构变化进行了分析。在冻融次数和温度双重外扰的作用下对样品进行了分析。以冻融次数为外扰的二维相关光谱分析结果揭示了鱼糜蛋白二级结构的变化顺序： α-螺旋结构、分子内聚集的β-折叠结构→反平行的β-折叠结构→羰基结构;基于温度外扰的二维相关光谱分析结果表明： 冻融处理1次和2次后鱼糜蛋白二级结构变化轻微。而冻融处理3次之后鱼糜蛋白二级结构已遭到严重破坏。结果分析还发现： 外扰温度为45℃时,温度对羰基的影响比大大小于冻融循环对鱼糜蛋白二级结构的影响。以上结果说明二维相关光谱技术可以探测并直观的反应出鱼糜蛋白二级结构变化程度。如果能将这种变化程度量化,则可以利用该技术对鱼糜新鲜度等品质进行快速检测。