HF/DF激光传输的大气衰减特性

 大气中的水汽对DF激光主要强线的吸收相对较小，而HF激光的大多数谱线受水汽和CO₂分子等的吸收较大。利用较新的HITRAN96数据库和我国不同地区的气象资料，采用逐线积分法计算了HF/DF 激光的大气衰减情况。所选的谱线中，在合肥地区（年平均）， HF的水汽吸收系数最大值可达到10km^-1的数量级，二氧化碳吸收系数最大可达10^-4~10^-3km^-1量级，P2(8)线吸收最弱；DF激光水汽吸收系数最大值可达到10^-1km^-1,比HF低2个量级，且随高度衰减很快，10km处就到10^-5~10^-4km^-1量级，P2(8)线吸收最弱。在我国，由南向北，由夏季到冬季，水汽浓度减少，大气对HF/DF激光的吸收率也相应地递减。     

182Hf实验室参考标准的研制与加速器质谱测量

介绍了用于HI-13串列加速器质谱(AMS)测量的¹⁸²Hf实验室参考标准的研制. 通过¹⁸⁰Hf的连续热中子俘获产生¹⁸²Hf, 用热电离质谱对初始参考标准的同位素比进行了精确测量. 取一定量的初始参考标准, 加入已知量的稳定同位素(¹⁸⁰Hf)作为稀释剂, 通过逐级稀释的方法, 最终得到同位素比从10^－6—10^－10的一系列参考标准. 并对该系列参考标准进行了AMS测量, 结果显示¹⁸²Hf/¹⁸⁰Hf的测量值与标称值呈良好的线性关系, 说明该AMS系统可以准确测量同位素比在10^－6—10^－10范围内的样品.     

宽带腔增强吸收光谱技术应用于痕量气体探测及气溶胶消光系数测量

基于氙灯的非相干宽带腔增强吸收光谱系统, 并将其应用于痕量气体及气溶胶消光系数的测量. 该系统的探测灵敏度通过测量NO₂在520—560 nm波长范围内的吸收得到验证, 最小可探测灵敏度为1.8× 10^-7cm^-1 (1σ, 0.12 s积分时间, 50次平均), 对应的NO₂探测极限～33 nmol/mol. 结合标准气溶胶粒子发生系统, 测量了不同浓度的单分散硫酸铵气溶胶粒子在532 nm波长处的消光系数, 得到粒径为600 nm的硫酸铵气溶胶的消光截面为1.12× 10^-8cm², 与文献报道值1.167× 10^-8cm²相一致, 验证了气溶胶测量的可行性和准确性.     

1.517 μm附近水汽分子谱线加宽系数的腔衰荡光谱测量

 以超低膨胀系数微晶玻璃为腔体,以分布反馈式激光器为光源,建立了一套等噪声测量灵敏度为3.2×10^-9 cm^-1的调腔式连续波腔衰荡光谱系统。应用该系统对1.517 μm附近(6 586.5~6 596.5 cm^-1范围内)的7条水汽吸收谱线进行了实验研究,测得了这些谱线在氮气、空气环境下的谱线加宽系数。根据测得的结果,得到了此波段水汽的空气加宽系数与氮气加宽系数之比为0.896 9±0.068 7(3倍标准误差范围内),并就测得水汽的谱线加宽系数与HITRAN2004数据库数据进行了比较。     

克里奇中间体CH2OO与CF3CF=CF2反应的动力学研究

本文使用OH激光诱导荧光方法研究了结构最简单的克里奇中间体CH₂OO和CF₃CF=CF₂的反应动力学. 在压强为10 Torr条件下，测量了温度在283，298，308和318 K的反应速率常数，分别为(1.45±0.14)×10^-13，(1.18±0.11)×10^-13，(1.11±0.08)×10^-13和(1.04±0.08)×10^-13 cm³·molecule^-1·s^-1. 根据阿伦尼乌斯方程，获得该反应的活化能为(-1.66±0.21) kcal/mol. 在6.3∽70 torr压力范围内，未观察到该反应的速率常数存在压力相关.     

C2H2 Overtones Near 12300 cm-1 Revisited with a Very Sensitive Cavity Ring-down Spectrometer

利用单模连续的钛宝石激光器, 构建了一台光腔衰荡光谱仪, 其可探测的最小吸收可达1.8×10^-10/cm. 该光谱仪被用来记录C₂H₂分子在12240～12350 cm^-1的泛频光谱. 与在同一波段测量的已报到的CRDS和激光腔内吸收光谱仪结果比较,本测量同时具有更好的灵敏度和精度. 由此,获得了乙炔分子在12290.12、12311.82和12350.61 cm^-1附近高泛频谱带更准确的振转参数     

高光洁度玻璃基片的表面散射和体散射测量

 提出了一种利用总积分散射（TIS）测量K9玻璃基片表面散射和体散射的实验方法。首先采用磁控溅射技术在基片表面沉积厚度为几十nm的金属Ag薄膜，然后将基片的表面和体区分开考虑，通过TIS测得了基片上下表面的均方根粗糙度， 进而求得基片的总散射和表面散射，最后计算得到了体散射。分别利用TIS和原子力显微镜（AFM）测量了3个样品上表面所镀Ag膜的均方根粗糙度，两种方法所得的均方根粗糙度的数值相差不明显，差值分别为0.08，0.11和0.09 nm, 表明TIS和AFM的测量结果相一致。利用该方法测得3块K9玻璃基片的总散射分别为6.06×10^-4，5.84×10^-4和6.48×10^-4，表面散射介于1.25×10^-4~1.56×10^-4之间，由此计算得到的体散射分别为3.10×10^-4，3.30×10^-4和3.61×10^-4。     

136Ba的10+同质异能态

利用450MeV的⁸²Se束流轰击¹³⁹La靶,通过核子转移反应产生了¹³⁶Ba,用在束γ谱学方法测量了其激发态的γ衰变,观测到了它的10⁺态同质异能态并得到该同质异能态的寿命为94ns.     

光纤Bragg光栅热敏力敏效应研究及应用探讨

本文报道了光纤Bragg光栅热敏力敏效应的实验研究结果,测量所得的光纤Bragg光栅温度系数和应力系数分别为6.84×10^-6/℃和7.27×10^-6/gf,与理论值6.85×10^-6/℃和7.32×10^-6/gf符合得很好.在20～180℃和0～50gf的温度应力测量范围内,光纤Bragg光栅透射谱中心波长移动量同温度应力具有良好的线性关系.基于光纤Bragg光栅的热敏力敏效应,本文还讨论了光纤Bragg光栅温度应变传感器实用化时必须首先考虑的一些关键问题.     

基于CaF2靶样的加速器质谱测量生物样品中41Ca的方法研究

为满足⁴¹Ca生物示踪样品测量的需要, 在北京HI-13串列加速器质谱(Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, AMS)系统上建立了以CaF₂为靶样的⁴¹Ca AMS分析方法.生物样品和⁴¹Ca标准样品经过化学分离和纯化, 制备成CaF₂作为靶物质. AMS测量⁴¹Ca时, 离子源引出CaF₃-负离子, 膜剥离后的电荷态选择为7⁺态, 加速器端电压选定为8.5MV, 用充有140mbar P10气体的多阳极电离室探测⁴¹Ca. 结果显示探测器可实现对⁴¹Ca与同量异位素干扰⁴¹K的分辨, 粒子谱中⁴¹K的计数率很低,对⁴¹Ca不形成干扰. 对制备的4个标准样品(⁴¹Ca/⁴⁰Ca在1.785×10^－8—1.750×10^－10范围)的测量结果显示⁴¹Ca/⁴⁰Ca绝对测量值与标称值之间的线性关系良好(r²=0.997),经⁴¹Ca/⁴⁰Ca为1.785×10^－8的标准样品归一化后, S2, S4两个标样的测量值与标称值吻合较好, 但标样S3的测量值与标称值有较大偏离. 估计生物样品的⁴¹Ca/⁴⁰Ca本底值低于8.2×10^－13.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.