143Nd中高自旋同质异能态的识别与研究

利用能量为80MeV的18O束流,通过¹³⁰Te(¹⁸O,5n)反应研究了¹⁴³Nd的高自旋态能级结构.基于γγ延迟符合、γ射线的角分布及线性极化测量,首次发现了¹⁴³Nd的一个半寿命为(35±8)ns,自旋和宇称为49/2⁺的同质异能态.用形变独立粒子模型探讨了此同质异能态的形成机制.     

缺中子核197Bi的能级结构研究

用100MeV¹⁶O束流轰击厚的天然Re靶和¹⁸⁷Re同位素靶,布居了¹⁹⁷Bi的高自旋激发态.用y-y-t符合测量,发现并修正了已有的¹⁹⁷Bi能级纲图中的错误,确定了¹⁹⁷Bi的三个新的高自旋同质异能态,识别出了11条新γ跃迁.并从奇A Bi核能级结构的系统性,对本工作确定的半寿命t_1/2=19.3±4.9ns的同质异能态的组态和衰变性质进行了探讨.本工作还测量了γ跃迁的角分布,建议了¹⁹⁷Bi的新的能级纲图.     

209Fr的能级结构研究

利用能量为90—105MeV的¹⁶O束流,通过¹⁹⁷Au(¹⁶O,4n)反应研究了²⁰⁹Fr的高自旋态能级结构.进行了γ射线的激发函数、γ-γ延迟符合及γ射线的角分布测量.首次建立了由21条γ射线构成的²⁰⁹Fr的能级纲图,其中包括一个半寿命为(52±20)ns的同质异能态.基于²⁰⁹Fr与²⁰⁸Rn低位能级结构的相似性,用一个h_9/2价质子与²⁰⁸Rn激发态的弱耦合解释了²⁰⁹Fr的低位能级结构.     

奇—奇核114Pm高自旋同质异能态及其衰变纲图的研究

用高自旋同质异能态次级束流线实验装置,对¹⁴⁴Pm的高自旋同质异能态进行了快速分离,并做了γ射线的符合测量.结合γ射线激发函数和各向异性的测量结果,首次建立了奇—奇核¹⁴⁴Pm的高自旋同质异能态的衰变纲图,其中19条高自旋能级和29条γ射线是由本工作指定的.离子γ射线关联测量确定了¹⁴⁴Pm的高自旋同质异能态的半衰期大于2μs.通过系统性比较以及变形的独立粒子模型理论计算,指定了高自旋同质异能态的粒子组态可能为π(1h²_11/2d_5/2)v(1i_13/21h_9/22f_7/2),自旋宇称为J^π=27⁺,并具有形变参数为β=－0.18的扁椭球形状.     

134Ba核的高激发态能级结构研究

在中国原子能科学研究院H-13串列加速器上, 通过重离子核反应¹³⁰Te(⁹Be,5n)与在束γ谱的实验技术, 对A=130缺中子核区的¹³⁴Ba核的高自旋态进行了研究, 建立了¹³⁴Ba核的新的能级纲图, 最高自旋态扩展到20h. 除验证了以前报道的大部分能级与跃迁外, 将基带的能级扩展到10⁺, 同时发现了基于10⁺同质异能态以上的众多的能级与跃迁. 对实验结果的系统学分析表明, 10⁺同质异能态为yrast陷阱, 起源于两中子组态, 可能具有γ≈－120°的长椭形状, 在其以上的能级表现出很强的单粒子性，具有复杂的结构. 基带中观测到明显的集体回弯现象, 推转壳模型的计算表明, 此集体回弯是由一对中子的顺排所致, TRS计算表明, 随着转动频率的增加, 核的形状发生明显的变化, 基带中在中子顺排后核具有γ≈－60°的扁椭形状.     

198Bi的高自旋态结构研究

利用能量为85—105MeV的¹⁶O束流,通过¹⁸⁷Re(¹⁶O,5n)反应研究了¹⁹⁸Bi的高自旋态能级结构.用6台BGO(AC)HPGe探测器和一台用于探测低能γ跃迁的平面探测器进行了γ射线的激发函数、γ-γ—t符合及γ射线的角分布测量.基于这些测量,首次建立了包括26条γ跃迁的¹⁹⁸Bi的高自旋能级纲图,确定了一个半寿命为(8.0±3.6)ns,自旋和宇称为15+的同质异能态.基于较重的双奇铋核^200—206Bi能级结构的系统性,定性地对¹⁹⁸Bi的能级结构进行了解释.     

首次测定短寿命缺中子同位素153Er和157Yb的EC/β+衰变纲图

利用¹⁶O重离子束轰击¹⁴²Nd和¹⁴⁷Sm同位素靶分别生成¹⁵³Er和¹⁵⁷Yb.借助氦喷嘴带传输系统和X-γ、γ-γ符合测量方法分离鉴别核素并测量其衰变性质.首次建立了¹⁵³Er和¹⁵⁷Yb的EC/β⁺衰变纲图.从中指认出¹⁵³Ho的一个新三(准)粒子态和两个新单粒子态,指认出¹⁵⁷Tm的一个新的同质异能态和一条新转动带.低位能级系统分析表明:在Ho和Tm这两条奇A核的同位素链中基态形状的转变区都在中子数86和88之间.     

178Hf同质异能态的γ自由度

采用三轴投影壳模型(TPSM)对¹⁷⁸Hf已发现的6条转动带进行了计算. 在γ=22°时, 很好再现了γ带. 在相同γ形变下预言了^178m2Hf(16⁺)态的γ态(I^π=14⁺)的存在, 其带头位置在^178m2Hf(16⁺)态之上大约900keV处. 该14⁺态与16⁺同质异能态具有相同的内禀组态, 因此, 应较容易从16⁺态激发上去. 我们希望, 该14⁺态有可能比^178m2Hf(16⁺)态有更多的机会跃迁到基带, 从而实现^178m2Hf(16⁺)的退激.     

146Sm核高自旋态的实验观测

用能量为95MeV的¹³C束流,轰击天然厚Ba靶,对¹⁴⁶Sm的高自旋态进行了实验研究,观测到17条γ射线和11条新能级,能级纲图延伸到了激发能为103MeV处,在此高激发能区,能级结构仍呈现粒子组态的特性,没有发现长寿命的同质异能态.     

Ir β+/EC衰变及其系统性分析

在在束实验条件下用γ-γ符合方法研究了具有β⁺/EC衰变性质的核素^176,178Ir的衰变γ射线. 另外借助氦喷嘴快速带传输系统在排除在束干扰的条件下, 进一步对¹⁷⁶Ir的β⁺/EC衰变进行了研究, 在确认在束测量新γ射线的同时建议了¹⁷⁶Ir的一个低自旋同核异能态. 从衰变系统性方面对^176,178Ir核中存在同核异能态的合理性和可能性进行了分析.     

用于符合测量的多通道符合计数器

符合测量在量子光学实验中有着重要的应用,它可以用于测量纠缠光子对和单光子干涉等实验。在使用过程中,经常用到三通道或更多通道的符合测量,这种情况下简单的门电路无法满足使用要求,而现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)为实现低成本、小体积的多通道符合计数系统提供了解决方案。同时,基于FPGA的多通道符合计数系统还可以提供ns精度的符合分辨时间,避免本底光噪声对探测器的影响,从而有效抑制偶然符合,进一步提高了多通道符合计数系统的性能。本文介绍了基于FPGA的多通道符合计数器,并实验测量了单光子探测器信号的符合计数。     

Calculation of entropy from data of motion

We discuss the question of determining the entropy given the phase space trajectory which describes the detailed history of a many-body system over a period of observation. Our viewpoint is that the determination of entropy, as well as all other thermodynamic properties, should require no concepts or information other than those given and defined by the trajectory. The counting of coincidence (or repetition) of states along the trajectory is presented as a way to determine entropy given the trajectory. An illustrative program based on the kinetic Ising model is described in detail.     

Scattering and absorption differential cross sections for double photon Compton scattering

The scattering and absorption differential cross sections for nonlinear QED process such as double photon Compton scattering have been measured as a function of independent final photon energy. The incident gamma photons are of 0.662 MeV in energy as produced by an 8 Ci¹³⁷Cs radioactive source and thin aluminum foils are used as scatterer. The two simultaneously emitted photons in this process are detected in coincidence using two Nal(T1) scintillation detectors and a slow-fast coincidence set-up of 30 nsec resolving time. The measured values of scattering and absorption differential cross sections agree with theory within experimental estimated error.     

New levels and transitions in ^72Ge following thedecay of ^72Ga

The decay of ^72Ga has been investigated by means of γ-ray spectroscopy. The 72Ga nuclei were produced through the ^71Ga(n, γ)^72Ga reaction. The Compton-suppressed spectrometer and high-purity Ge detectors have been used singly and in coincidence, separately, to study γ-rays in the β-decay of ^72Ga to ^72Ge. Ninety-three events of γ-rays were reported, of which 7 were observed for the first time. A decay scheme of ^72Ga including 4 new levels is proposed which accommodates 87 of these transitions. Spins and parities for new levels are proposed from calculated logft values, modes on the observed decay, and some nuclear reaction experimental results.     

Transfer measurements for the Ti+Ni systems at near barrier energies

Large enhancements have been observed in the sub-barrier fusion cross sections for Ti+Ni systems in our previous studies. Coupled channel calculations incorporating couplings to 2⁺ and 3⁻ states failed to explain these enhancements completely. A possibilty of transfer channels contributing to the residual enhancements had been suggested. In order to investigate the role of relevant transfer channels, measurements of one- and two-nucleon transfer were carried out for ^46,48Ti+⁶¹Ni systems. The present paper gives the results of these studies.     

Properties of the β-delayed proton decay of ~(146)Ho

The proton-rich isotope 146Ho was produced via the fusion-evaporation reaction 92Mo (58Ni, 3p1n). The β-delayed proton decay of 146Ho was studied by proton-γ coincidence measurements using a He-jet tape transport system. The γ-transitions in 145Tb following the proton emissions were observed, and the β-delayed proton branching ratios to the final states in the grand-daughter nucleus 145Tb were determined. According to the relative branching ratios, the ground-state spin of 146Ho has been proposed and the possible configuration discussed.     

70As(β++EC)衰变到70Ge的低自旋激发态(英文)

通过70As的放射性衰变研究了70Ge的激发态,新发现能量为1 036.99,1 196.66,1 539.29和2 531.7 keV的四条新γ射线,重新确认了2 219.34 keV γ射线的跃迁位置,新确认496.74,1 295.24和1 417.24 keV这三条γ射线首次放入衰变纲图,本工作证实了1 881.67,2 325.42和2 424.41 keV γ射线的跃迁位置,建议了能量为4 243.10和5 265.81 keV的两个新能级,建立了新的衰变纲图,基于比较半衰期和γ跃迁分支比建议了一些能级的自旋-宇称。The excited states of the 70Ge nucleus are investigated in radioactive decay of the 70As. Four new transitions with 1 036.99, 1 196.66, 1 539.29 and 2 531.7 keV are found for the first time. The position of 2 219.34 keV transition are reassigned, the transition positions of 496.74, 1 295.24 and 1 417.24 keV γ-rays are assigned for the first time, and the placements of 1 881.67, 2 325.42 and 2 424.41 keV γ-rays are confirmed in the present work. Two new levels, at 4 243.10 and 5 265.81 keV excitation energy, respectively, are proposed. The decay scheme is established and for a number of levels spin-parity assignments are suggested on the basis of logft values and γ-branching ratios.     

Using simulated Tianqin gravitational wave data and electromagnetic wave data to study the coincidence problem and Hubble tension problem

In this study, we used electromagnetic wave data (H0LiCOW, \begin{document}$ H(z) $\end{document}, SNe) and gravitational wave data (Tianqin) to constrain the interacting dark energy (IDE) model and investigate the Hubble tension and coincidence problems. By combining these four types of data (Tianqin+H0LiCOW+SNe+\begin{document}$ H(z) $\end{document}), we obtained the following parameter values with a confidence interval of \begin{document}$ 1\sigma $\end{document}: \begin{document}$ \Omega_m=0.36\pm0.18 $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ \omega_x=-1.29^{+0.61}_{-0.23} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ \xi=3.15^{+0.36}_{-1.1} $\end{document}, and \begin{document}$H_0=70.04\pm $\end{document}\begin{document}$ 0.42~ {\rm kms}^{-1}{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$\end{document}. According to our results, the best value of \begin{document}$ H_0 $\end{document} shows that the Hubble tension problem can be alleviated to some extent. In addition, the center value of \begin{document}$ \xi+3\omega_x = -0.72^{+2.19}_{-1.19}(1\sigma) $\end{document} indicates that the coincidence problem is slightly alleviated. However, \begin{document}$ \xi+3\omega_x = 0 $\end{document} is still within the \begin{document}$ 1\sigma $\end{document} error range, which indicates that the ΛCDM model is still the model in best agreement with the observational data at present. Finally, we compared the constraint results of the electromagnetic and gravitational waves on the model parameters and found that the constraint effect of electromagnetic wave data on model parameters is better than that of simulated Tianqin gravitational wave data.     

A study on the decay of ^72As

The excited states of the ⁷²Ge nucleus were investigated in radioactive decay of ⁷²As. Three new transitions with 1996.58, 2125.59 and 2255.49keV have been found for the first time. One γ-ray with 912.09keV has been placed in the decay scheme for the first time, and the placement of 1938.88, 2116.79, 2785.59, 2833.03, 2950.69 and 3338.00keV γ-rays are confirmed again in the present work. One new level at 2027.72keV excitation energy is proposed. The level scheme was established and for a number of levels spin-parity assignments are suggested on the basis of logft values and γ-branching ratios.     

^209Fr的能级结构研究

利用能量为 90— 1 0 5MeV的16 O束流 ,通过197Au( 16 O ,4n)反应研究了2 0 9　Fr的高自旋态能级结构 .进行了γ射线的激发函数、γ γ延迟符合及γ射线的角分布测量 .首次建立了由 2 1条γ射线构成的2 0 9Fr的能级纲图 ,其中包括一个半寿命为 ( 52± 2 0 )ns的同质异能态 .基于2 0 9Fr与2 0 8Rn低位能级结构的相似性 ,用一个h9/ 2 价质子与2 0 8Rn激发态的弱耦合解释了2 0 9Fr的低位能级结构 .