双波长分光光度法测定玉米微孔淀粉的直链淀粉、支链淀粉含量

采用双波长分光光度法同时测定玉米和玉米微孔淀粉中直链和支链淀粉的含量。由直链淀粉-碘、支链淀粉-碘复合物的吸收光谱,确定直链和支链淀粉的最大波长分别为607、534nm,选取参比波长分别为433、729nm,将样品的吸光度差值代入回归方程,可求出样品中直链和支链淀粉的含量。通过测定玉米淀粉的直链、支链含量,以期为微孔淀粉的致孔机理研究提供理论参考。     

双波长分光光度法测定银杏果仁中直链淀粉和支链淀粉

本文研究了以碘为显色剂,应用双波长分光光度法测定银果仁中直链淀粉和支链淀粉的含量。对显色反应和光度测定的最佳条件进行了详细的考察。根据碘－直链淀粉和碘－支链淀粉复合物的吸收光谱,选择直链淀粉的测定波长为５６８ｎｍ和４２０ｎｍ,支链淀粉的测定波长为１５２ｎｍ和６４８ｎｍ,依据回归方程可求出直链淀粉和支链淀粉的含量,直链淀粉的浓度在０－３６μｇ／ｍＬ,支链淀粉在０－１１０μｇ／ｍＬ范围内符合比耳定律,     

大黄种子中蛋白质、多糖和淀粉含量的测定

采用凯氏定氮法、苯酚-硫酸比色法和双波长比色法测定唐古特大黄种子、掌叶大黄种子和药用大黄种子的蛋白质、多糖和淀粉的含量.采用凯氏定氮法测定蛋白质含量,苯酚-硫酸比色法测定多糖含量,双波长比色法测定淀粉含量.唐古特大黄种子的蛋白质和多糖在三种大黄种子中含量最高,分别为21.81％、6.58％,掌叶大黄种子淀粉含量在三种大黄种子中最高,含量为32.95％.三种大黄种子中,蛋白质含量为：唐古特大黄种子＞掌叶大黄种子＞药用大黄种子;多糖含量为：唐古特大黄种子＞掌叶大黄种子＞药用大黄种子;淀粉含量为：掌叶大黄种子＞唐古特大黄种子＞药用大黄种子.大黄种子的蛋白质、多糖、淀粉含量丰富.测定方法精密度、准确度、稳定性均符合生物样品测定要求,可用于大黄种子蛋白质、多糖和淀粉含量的测定.     

高氯酸萃取-连续流动法测定烟草中的淀粉含量

淀粉是烟草中较难测定的成分之一.为了快速准确地测定烟草中的淀粉含量,研究了高氯酸萃取-连续流动法测定烟样中淀粉含量的方法,即每0.1g烟草样品用1.0mL 50%的乙醇和1.2mL 72%高氯酸萃取烟草样品中的淀粉,通过自动化学分析仪(滤光片波长660nm)测定淀粉含量.采用本法测定了云南烤烟烟叶、杀青烟叶、白肋烟和香料烟的淀粉含量,平均回收率为96.71%,相对标准偏差在1.79%-5.58%之间.与传统的酸解法和酶解法比较,本法操作步骤简单、检测成本低、快速准确.     

高静压对淀粉结构及糊化性质的影响

综述了高静压对淀粉的影响。阐述了高静压的定义及其原理,与高静压的作用直接相关的淀粉结构及其性质。根据文献资料报道对25种以上淀粉的研究表明,高静压不仅对淀粉结构影响明显,包括微观结构、宏观颗粒形态,而且对淀粉糊化过程及性质也有较大的影响。施加的压力、淀粉的种类、处理温度、溶液浓度不同,对淀粉的结构和糊化影响也显著不同。大量的研究表明,高静压对淀粉的处理是有潜力的非热物理变性的手段,通过利用不同的高静压处理手段,得到不同品质的高静压淀粉产品,使淀粉在不同的领域中发挥更大的作用。     

水分对高静压处理不同类型淀粉微观结构的影响

利用高静压(HHP)作为物理变性方法处理糯玉米淀粉和木薯淀粉,考察水分含量对不同类型淀粉的糊化及重结晶的影响。用偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜观测HHP处理后淀粉颗粒的形态变化,利用激光粒度分析仪记录淀粉颗粒的粒度分布及变化规律,结合X射线衍射曲线及低场核磁共振图谱,分析淀粉颗粒内水分的结合方式及程度。结果表明:当粉水比(淀粉质量和水质量之比)为3/10~5/10时,在HHP处理下,两种淀粉均发生结晶解体和溶胀现象。糯玉米淀粉的重结晶程度顺序为4/10粉水比3/10粉水比5/10粉水比;木薯淀粉颗粒结晶结构完全消失,结晶破坏的程度是3/10粉水比4/10粉水比5/10粉水比。随着水分含量增大,糯玉米淀粉及木薯淀粉的粒度逐渐增大。干燥后淀粉中的水分主要以结合水的形式存在,且水分参与结晶结构的形成。     

动态超高压微射流对糯米淀粉结构的影响

以6%的糯米淀粉溶液为原料,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),紫外-可见(UV/Vis),偏光显微(PLM),X射线衍射(XRD)分析动态超高压微射流处理对糯米淀粉微观结构的影响。结果表明：动态超高压微射流处理后,扫描电镜显示不同压力处理下的糯米淀粉颗粒结构受到不同程度的破坏,经过160 MPa处理后,淀粉颗粒被冲击成片状; 紫外-可见分析中碘兰值变小,支链淀粉含量减小,表明超高压处理过程中支链淀粉的结构被破坏; 偏光显微显示糯米淀粉颗粒的偏光十字随着处理压力的增加逐渐模糊,经160 MPa处理后,多数淀粉颗粒偏光十字消失; X射线衍射分析表明在120 MPa处理后,相对结晶度开始降低,但降低幅度较小。     

分光光度法测定饲料用灌木中的淀粉含量

饲料用灌木中的淀粉用酶水解 ,水解产生的葡萄糖用蒽酮显色后分光光度法测定 ,由葡萄糖含量换算为淀粉含量。方法检出限为 2 μg/ m L,相对标准偏差为 1.4 %— 2 .2 % ,标准回收率在 97%— 10 3%之间。本方法用于几种灌木样品中淀粉含量的测定 ,结果令人满意。     

近红外光谱的水稻抗性淀粉含量测定研究

用化学法测定水稻抗性淀粉含量耗时长、成本高,为此,探索了基于近红外光谱技术(NIRS)的水稻抗性淀粉含量测定新途径。首先,采集了62份抗性淀粉含量差异较大的水稻的光谱数据,将光谱数据和已测定的化学值数据导入化学计量学软件,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立了抗性淀粉含量的近红外定标模型,对不同预处理得到的预测模型进行了内部验证和外部验证。结果如下：内部交叉验证方面,未处理、MSC+1thD预处理、1thD +SNV预处理的决定系数(R2)分别为0.920 2,0.967 0,0.976 7,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为1.533 7,1.011 2,0.837 1。外部验证方面,未处理、MSC+1thD预处理和1thD +SNV预处理的决定系数(R2)分别为0.805,0.976,0.992,绝对误差平均值分别为1.456,0.818,0.515,预测值和化学值之间没有显著差异(Turkey法多重比较),说明以近红外光谱分析法代替化学测定法是有可能的。在不同预处理方法之中,1thD+SNV的预处理方法无论内部验证还是外部验证都具有较高的决定系数和较低的误差值,定标模型精度更高,误差更小。     

红薯淀粉中添加剂明矾的定性和定量太赫兹时域光谱技术检测

应用太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)技术对红薯淀粉中的添加剂明矾进行了实验研究,获得了红薯淀粉和明矾的太赫兹时域光谱和频域光谱,通过计算得到二者的吸收系数谱和折射率谱,吸收系数谱显示明矾在太赫兹波段有明显的特征吸收峰,可以用THz-TDS技术对淀粉中的明矾进行特征识别。实验获得了红薯淀粉中掺杂不同百分比(质量分数)明矾的太赫兹时域光谱,计算得到吸收系数谱和折射率谱,发现随着明矾含量的增加吸收峰的幅度下降,折射率逐渐下降,说明THz-TDS技术可以用于淀粉中明矾的定性识别和定量检测。     

Polarity of the Medium and Quenching of Fluorescence of Caratenoids and Phthalimides

The relation for the dependence of the rate of radiationless energy conversion of the S ₁ state k _q on the polarity of the medium, obtained previously by the author, has been used to interpret the known literature data on the lifetime of the S ₁ state of solutions of some caratenoids and phthalimides. It has been shown that in alcohols and water (normal and deuterated ones) the fluorescence quenching of 4-amino-, 4-methylamino-, and 4-dimethylamino-N-methylphthalimides (4AMP, 4MAMP, and 4DMAMP) as well as of peridinine in alcohols is due to H-bond formation. It has been established that a twofold increase in the number of amine atoms of hydrogen on passing from 4MAMP to 4AMP, as well as deuteration of solvents in the case of 4DMAMP, is followed by a decrease in k _q by a factor of 1.6 and 1.75, respectively. The mechanism of quenching in complexes formed with solvent molecules by means of the H-bond is discussed. It has been concluded that the quenching of fluorescence of phthalimides in such complexes is mainly due to the intersystem crossing initiated by the oscillations of the protons or deuterons of the H-bonds.     

酸碱染料离子的缔合及等色化

本文阐述了等色染料离子对形成的实验方法,等色染料离子对的缔全机理及其形式,用吸收光谱的能级图,从电子理论角度论述了等色染料离子对的缔合效应等色化,溶剂效应等以化机理。列表示出等色染料离子对的高灵敏度,从而证明了等色染料离子对的萃取光度,浮选光度及萃取荧光光度法是高灵敏度和超灵敏度的新体系,为金属痕量和超痕量分析开辟了更为宽广的前景。     

Geometry and Elasticity of Strips and Flowers

We solve several problems that involve imposing metrics on surfaces. The problem of a strip with a linear metric gradient is formulated in terms of a Lagrangian similar to those used for spin systems. We are able to show that the low energy state of long strips is a twisted helical state like a telephone cord. We then extend the techniques used in this solution to two–dimensional sheets with more general metrics. We find evolution equations and show that when they are not singular, a surface is determined by knowledge of its metric, and the shape of the surface along one line. Finally, we provide numerical evidence by minimizing a suitable energy functional that once these evolution equations become singular, either the surface is not differentiable, or else the metric deviates from the target metric.     

黑克、布劳、及伯曼-温采尔代数的诱导及分导系数和量子经典李代数的耦合与重新耦合系数

本文总结了计算黑克、布劳、及伯曼 温采尔代数在各种工数链下诱导及分导系数的线性方程方法(LEM)。特别强调了关于A,B,C,D型李代数及其量子情形与其中心代数之间的舒尔 魏尔 布劳双关性关系。这一关系使我们能够利用相应中心代数的诱导及分导系数计算出经典李代数及其量子情形的耦合与重新耦合系数。讨论了从该方法得到B,C,D型李代数不可约表示克罗内克积分解的应用。基于LEM还得到了处理对应于置换群CG系列问题的黑克代数张量积的方法。     

Coherent Raman and hyper-Raman spectroscopy of excited and autoionizing states of atoms and ions in laser-produced and electric-discharge plasma

Summary The experimental results on four-wave Raman and hyper-Raman scattering in a laser-produced and electric-discharge plasma are presented. It has been shown that in spectra of four-wave mixing processes resonances appear due to the Raman and hyper-Raman scattering on atomic and ionic excited states. The temporal behaviour of the scattered-signal intensity has been found to be connected with the population relaxation of atomic and ionic excited states. We have observed for the first time the resonance in the spectrum of coherent hyper-Raman scattering in electric-discharge plasma associated with the electron transition between the excited and autoionizing state of a copper atom. Paper presented at the ?XI European CARS Workshop?, Florence, Italy, 23–25 March, 1992.     

电动力学课程思政建设的思考与实践

开展专业课程的思政建设是当今教育领域的一个重要的研究问题,本文结合物理学专业的电动力学课程进行课程思政建设的研究和实践,有机结合课程内容和特点,挖掘课程思政元素和切入点,通过教学实践初步取得教学效果,对理科专业课程思政建设起到积极的借鉴和推动作用,真正做到课程育人,发挥课程应有的作用,并提出总结和展望.     

受控核聚变两大途径的对比与结合

目前人们探索受控核聚变主要是从两个方向着手：磁约束受控核聚变和惯性约束受控核聚变，但目前还无法判定到底哪一种途径更为可取，文章首先对这两种途径进行对比，指出各自的特点和困难，在此基础上提出了一种结构相对简单，成本相对较低的三轴六极磁镜系统设想，希望能将磁约束和惯性约束和惯性约束结合起来，以实现受控核聚变反应。     

Geometry and scaling laws of excursion and iso-sets of enstrophy and dissipation in isotropic turbulence

Motivated by interest in the geometry of high intensity events of turbulent flows, we examine the spatial correlation functions of sets where turbulent events are particularly intense. These sets are defined using indicator functions on excursion and iso-value sets. Their geometric scaling properties are analysed by examining possible power-law decay of their radial correlation function. We apply the analysis to enstrophy, dissipation and velocity gradient invariants Q and R and their joint spatial distributions, using data from a direct numerical simulation of isotropic turbulence at Re_λ ≈ 430. While no fractal scaling is found in the inertial range using box-counting in the finite Reynolds number flow considered here, power-law scaling in the inertial range is found in the radial correlation functions. Thus, a geometric characterisation in terms of these sets’ correlation dimension is possible. Strong dependence on the enstrophy and dissipation threshold is found, consistent with multifractal behaviour. Nevertheless, the lack of scaling of the box-counting analysis precludes direct quantitative comparisons with earlier work based on multifractal formalism. Surprising trends, such as a lower correlation dimension for strong dissipation events compared to strong enstrophy events, are observed and interpreted in terms of spatial coherence of vortices in the flow.     

Control of peaks of terahertz radiation and tuning of its frequency and intensity

We propose to employ dark hollow laser beams (DHBs) for obtaining multifocal terahertz (THz) radiations which are quite useful in medical applications. The number of peaks in the THz field can be suppressed if we apply external magnetic field and use intense lasers so that the relativistic effects are prominent. It means we can achieve strong bifocal THz radiation with this scheme. However, multifocal THz radiation can be reconstituted by increasing the beating frequency of the lasers. The separation of the peaks can be controlled by wisely choosing the orders of the lasers, and also by varying the strength of the magnetic field. The magnetic field is found to enhance the THz field, and also it tunes the frequency of the THz field. The DHBs of higher and equal orders are found to be most significant for efficient THz radiation generation with respect to the role of the magnetic field and density ripples.     

氩和氪气体团簇靶的制备及特性研究

 采用瑞利散射法和Mach-Zehnder（M-Z）干涉法分别测量氩、氪团簇的尺寸和密度，讨论了影响团簇尺寸和密度的因素，并比较氩团簇和氪团簇特性的异同点。通过改变诊断光和喷嘴阀门的相对延迟时间，获得了团簇尺寸和密度随时间的变化情况，发现氩、氪团簇的尺寸和密度均在3~25 ms达到最大值；在气体背景压强1.2~6.0 MPa下，测量了喷嘴轴线上的密度分布，发现离喷嘴喉部越远，气体密度越低，并且气体密度随压强呈线性上升。