高纯Tb_4O_7中稀土杂质的ICP－MS法测定

本文报导了高纯氧化铽中Ｌａ、Ｃｅ、Ｐｒ、Ｎｄ、Ｓｍ、Ｅｕ、Ｇｄ、Ｄｙ、Ｈｏ、Ｅｒ、Ｔｍ、Ｙｂ、Ｙ等１３种稀土杂质的电感耦合等离子体质谱测定方法。选择了仪器最佳操作参数，考察了质谱干扰和基体效应，选用Ⅰ作内标可基本克服基体效应，方法检出限为０．０１３－０．１１ｎｇ／ｍＬ，加标回收率为８７％－１０３％，重复精度（ｎ＝７）为２．２％－５．５％。方法快速、灵敏、准确。     

高纯Tb4O7中稀土杂质的ICP—MS法测定

本文报导了高纯氧化铽中Ｌａ、Ｃｅ、Ｐｒ、Ｎｄ、Ｓｍ、Ｅｕ、Ｇｄ、Ｄｙ、Ｈｏ、Ｅｒ、Ｔｍ、Ｙｂ、Ｙ等１３种稀土杂质的电感耦合等离子体质谱测定方法。选择了仪器最佳操作参数，考察了质谱干扰和基体效应，选用Ｉ作内标可基本克服基体效应。方法检出限为０．０１３－０１１ｎｇ／ｍＬ，加标回收率为８７％－１０３％，重复精度（ｎ＝７）为２．２％－５．５％。方法快速、灵敏、准确。     

微波溶样—ICP／MS法测定稻中15种痕量稀土元素

本文报道采用ＨＮＯ３＋Ｈ２Ｏ２微波溶样，ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ直接测定稻中１５种稀土元素，对微波溶样和等离子体质谱测定条件进行了优化选择。选用Ｒｅ作内标可补偿基体效应。方法检出限为７．０－２５．８ｐｇ／ｍＬ，稻壳加标回收率为９５－１０５％，ＲＳＤ为２．３－４．２％，方法快速、灵敏、准确。     

ICP-AES法同时测定氯化锂和氢氧化锂中七种杂质元素

本文报导了用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法同时测定ＬｉＣｌ和ＬｉＯＨ·Ｈ２Ｏ中７种杂质元素Ａｌ、Ｂａ、Ｃａ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ、Ｓｉ、Ｚｎ的分析方法。研究了基体元素锂对被测元素的基体效应，采用基体匹配法与背景扣除法进行校正。被测元素的检出限为０．１－９．４ｎｇ／ｍＬ，加标试验回收率为９２％－１０９％，当杂质元素含量为０．０００１％－０．０２８％时，相对标准偏差小于７％。方法简便、快速、准确，用于样品分析，取得了满意的结果。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定鲨鱼软骨中的微量元素

用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ）对鲨鱼有进行全元素的半定量分析。用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）对其进行微量元素测定，选用钇作内标元素，可较好地克服基体效应，所研究元素的回民率在８１．６－１００．７％之间，铁、锌、硒、铜、锰、钼，钛和锶等元素的测定下限分别是：０．６０、０．５５，０．２１，０．３９，０．０４２，０．２７，０．０３８，０．４８μｇ．ｇ＾－１，实验表明鲨鱼软骨含有     

ICP—AES法测定高纯二氧化锆中痕量杂质

介绍了高纯二氧化锆中痕量杂质元素Ｆｅ，Ｎａ，Ｓｉ，Ｔｉ的ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ测定方法。样品以浓Ｈ２ＳＯ４及（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４溶解，采用空白背景校正法消除基体Ｚｒ的光谱干扰，以基体匹配法补偿基体效应。各元素平均回收率为９５％－１０６％，相对标准偏差为１．３％－３．０％。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯氧化铈中11个稀土杂质的研究

报道了用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ）测定高纯氧化铈１１个痕量稀土杂质的方法。分析讨论了氧化铈对测定元素所产生的谱干扰和基体效应，考察了Ｔｌ，Ｇａ，Ｃｓ，Ｉｎ等内标补偿基本抑制效应的作用，用此方法测定１１个稀土杂质的检出限为０．０１７－０．４０ｎｇ／ｍＬ，精密度（ＲＳＤ）为２．６％－８．２％，加标回收率为９６．７％－１０７．９％，分析时，不需要预分离和富集，酸溶后可以直接测定。     

诱发性耳声发射阈同行为反应阈及听觉脑干反应阈间的相关性

本工作以疏波短声作为刺激声在３５位受试者（５８耳）分别测出诱发性耳声发射（ＥＯＡＥ）、行为反应（ＢＲ）及听觉脑干反应（ＡＢＲ）的阈值．闭值的主要分布范围：ＥＯＡＥ为１０－４５ｄＢ（ｎＨＬ），占总数的８６％；为１０－２５ｄＢ，占８８％；ＡＢＲ为１０－３５ｄＢ，亦占８８％．所有受试耳的三种阈值的相关系数ｒ：ＥＯＡＥ－ＢＲ为０．４１５（ｐ＜０．００２）．ＥＯＡＥ－ＡＢＲ为０．５０１（ｐ＜０．００１），ＡＢＲ－ＢＲ为０．７０２（ｐ＜０．００１），均呈显著相关．若仅取ＢＲ、ＡＢＲ或ＥＯＡＥ阈值≥２５ｄＢ的耳作统计，则ＥＯＡＥ－ＢＲ间的ｒ只有０．１７６及０．２９２；ＥＯＡＥ－ＡＢＲ的ｒ只有０．３１０及０．３００，无相关（ｐ＞０．０５），而ＡＢＲ－ＢＲ间的ｒ仍有０．５３３及０．７２０，（ｐ＜０．０５），这些结果表明ＥＯＡＥ与听阈之间只有在后者正常或稍升高时才有一定的相关，当听阈上升较多时相关即不存在．ＥＯＡＥ可以作为听力学检查的一种辅助方法，但不能用它推算听阈．     

波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定黄金饰品含金量

本文提出应用波长色散Ｘ射线荧光光谱仪测定黄金饰品含金量的方法，本法对原有样品盒进行了改造，增设特制窗口和采取样品固定等措施，以系列参考标样建立校准曲线，用经验系数法校正基体效应。比例模拟法校正含量。９个参考标样和１６个金标牌的测定结果表明，在含金量为３７．５０％－９９．９９％的范围内，方法的准确度好：含金量在９９．９９％－９８．９８％范围时，误差为０．０３％－０．１２％，在９８．９８％－３７．５０％范围时，误差为０．０１％－０．５２％，选用含金量不同的５个参考标样为代表，以０．７和１．４的模拟比例，经不同时间多次测定进行统计，相对标准偏差为０．０５％－０．５０％，说明方法的精密度好，本法操作方便，时样品无破坏     

测定癌胚抗原的化学发光免疫分析新方法

使用自制的双吖啶发光示标识别１０,１０′－二甲基－３,３′－二磺酸基－９,９′－双吖啶（简称ＤＭＤＳＢＡ）标识抗癌胚抗原（ＣＥＡ）抗体,标识率达１．１５－１．３２。研究了标识反应、双抗夹心免疫反应和化学发光反应的条件,建立了一种测定ＣＥＡ的双抗夹心免疫分析新方法,测定ＣＥＡ的线性范围为１．０－１５０．０ｎｇ．ｍＬ＾－１,最小检测浓度为０．５３ｎｇ．ｍＬ＾－１。应用于人血清中ＣＥＡ含量的测定,结果与放射免疫法相关性良好。     

原位能量色散X射线荧光分析中岩样基体效应及其修正研究

原位能量色散X射线荧光现场分析岩样矿物成分时,岩样基体效应会对测量结果产生影响。本文以Cu元素作为待测元素,研究了17种不同岩样基体对原位能量色散X射线荧光分析Cu元素特征X射线强度的影响及其修正方法。采用蒙特卡罗方法模拟获得了Cu元素含量相同的17种不同岩样测量谱线,综合各类岩石元素构成的相似性,并依据模拟谱线Cu元素Kα射线强度与谱线参数之间的相关性,反映了原位能量色散X射线荧光分析岩样Cu元素的基体效应并不完全受岩体元素构成或岩石分类的控制,需要依据岩石样分析谱线参数的相关性进行归类讨论。针对基体影响Cu元素特征射线强度相似的15种岩样进一步研究,并对Cu元素特征X射线与谱线主要参数的主成分进行分析,发现散射本底、X光管靶材料特征X射线及其非相干散射峰强度能够很好的描述Cu元素特征X射线强度受岩样基体影响的变化,据此可以对基体效应影响相似的岩体进行Cu元素测量结果修正。采用本文方法同样也能为不同岩性岩体其他待测元素基体效应的修正提供参考。     

Observation of Hydration--Drying Effect on Clotrimazole--Carbopol System

The possibility to use the polyacrylic acid （carbopol） as polymeric matrix for the clotrimazole is analysed. The hydration-drying effect on the polymeric matrix is observed by Raman spectroscopy. Similar observations are obtained on the clotrimazole included in the polymeric matrix. No modifications of the properties of the clotrimazole and of the polymeric matrix are observed under the repeated action of water.     

直流等离子体－中阶梯光栅直读光谱仪测定地质样品中微量锂

本文应用ＤＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法测定地质样品中微量锂。讨论了基体效应和阴离子效应、基体（Ｆｅ、Ａｌ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｋ和Ｎａ）对Ｌｉ元素谱线产生不同程度的增强效应。在待测溶液中加入一定量的基体元素，能有效地降低或消除这种影响。基体元素产生的增强效应主要是阳离子的作用。还讨论了分析线的线性状况。方法简便可靠，Ｌｉ的测定范围为１～１５００μｇ／ｇ，相对标准偏差为３．１～６．３％。     

CAIS法校正ICP-MS测定血铅浓度及同位素比值基体效应的研究

通过模拟全血基体,考察了基体效应对于ICP-MS测定铅浓度及铅同位素比值的影响,并应用CAIS法(common analyte internal standardization)对基体效应进行了校正。实验表明CAIS法适用于多元素复杂基体的校正,校正前及经传统内标法和CAIS法校正后铅浓度测量值与真值之间的相对误差分别为20％,8％,2％,而基体效应对铅同位素比值的影响及其校正作用均不明显;Tl和Dy作为内标的校正结果说明内标元素和被测元素在质量数和性质上的相近与否并不影响CAIS法校正效果;此外,CAIS法对于不同稀释倍数的血液基体都能达到好的校正效果;牛全血标准物质中铅的测定结果证明了CAIS法的可靠性和实用性。     

Shielding effect of a nano-circular inclusion acting on semi-infinite wedge cracks

The model of a screw dislocation near a semi-infinite wedge crack tip inside a nano-circular inclusion is proposed to investigate the shielding effect of nano inclusions acting on cracks. Utilizing the complex function method, the closed-form solutions of the stress fields in the matrix and the inclusion region are derived. The stress intensity factor, the image force, as well as the critical loads for dislocation emission are discussed in detail. The results show that the nano inclusion not only enhances the shielding effect exerted by the dislocation, but also provides a shielding effect itself. Moreover, dislocations may be trapped in the nano inclusion even if the matrix is softer than the inclusion. This helps the dislocation shield crack, and reduces the dislocation density within the matrix.     

Fluorescence in a Quantum System with Violated Symmetry

The model of a single multilevel one-electron atom with violated symmetry such that its transition dipole-moment operator has constant diagonal matrix elements, among which not all are pairwise equal to each other, has been studied. It has been shown that the expression for the far electromagnetic field of such an atom does not contain any appreciable contributions from the diagonal matrix elements of the transition dipole moment in an explicit form; thus, these matrix elements have an effect on fluorescence via the time dependence of non-diagonal matrix elements due to quantum non-linear processes of higher orders. It has also been demonstrated that a two-level quantum system, whose transition dipole operator has constant unequal diagonal matrix elements, can continuously fluoresce under excitation with monochromatic laser radiation at a much lower frequency than the frequency of the exciting radiation. The possibility of the experimental detection and practical application of this effect are discussed.     

Scattering matrix for Raman effect in cubic crystals

The scattering matrix for Raman effect in cubic crystals for any general orientation of the crystal and any angle of scattering is given. The averages of the matrix over all possible orientations is also given and checks with the well known value of 6/7 for the depolarisation of degenerate lines for transverse scattering. The scattering matrix for backward scattering in terms of polar angles and for some special cases are also given.     

基于广度优先搜索算法的故障隔离矩阵生成方法

相关性矩阵表示故障与测试之间的逻辑关系。隔离矩阵表示在给定的测试顺序下,故障隔离与测试之间的需求关系。测试顺序对诊断费用影响可以通过隔离矩阵进行计算。所以求解隔离矩阵是诊断费用优化的前提。针对相关性矩阵与隔离矩阵易于混淆的问题,以及传统分析方法求解隔离的不足,详述隔离矩阵的概念和生成原理,设计基于广度优先搜索的隔离矩阵生成算法。示例表明,生成算法是可行的和有效的。     

The effect of matrix on melting and solidification behaviours of embedded Pb-Sn alloy nanoparticles

The present investigation is aimed at understanding the effect of a matrix on the phase transformation of biphasic embedded Pb–Sn alloy nanoparticles. The melting and solidification behaviours of eutectic (Pb_26.1Sn_73.9) nanoparticles embedded in icosahedral (IQC) as well as decagonal quasicrystalline (DQC) matrix have been studied. Electron microscopic observations reveal that the major portion of the alloy nanoparticle consists of body-centred tetragonal β-(Sn) with face-centred cubic (Pb) constituting the cap. (Pb) bears specific orientation relationships (OR) with the surrounding IQC matrix, whereas β-(Sn) does not have any specific OR. For alloy particles embedded in the DQC matrix, both (Pb) and β-(Sn) bear specific OR. In case of IQC matrix, differential scanning calorimetric measurements reveal sharp melting but diffuse solidification peaks for the embedded nanoparticles. On the other hand, sharp melting and solidification peaks are observed for the nanoparticles embedded in the DQC matrix. The IQC and DQC are heat-treated at different temperatures to observe the effect of the matrix on the phase transformation of the alloy nanoparticles. The formation of well- developed facets in the nano-particles and defects in the matrix have been found to play a crucial role in determining the phase transformation of the alloy nanoparticles in the heat-treated samples. The experimental observations are rationalized using available literature.     

Isospin mixing between T=0 and 1 states in the 1p-shell

The effect of using different proton and neutron wave functions to evaluate matrix elements of a charge independent nucleon-nucleon interaction is examined. It is shown that this is predominantly an isovector effect and in the 1p-shell can give rise to large off diagonal matrix elements (? 100 keV). The magnitude of these matrix elements are extremely sensitive to the detailed structure of the single particle wave functions. Until this effect is satisfactorily taken into account it will be difficult to demonstrate the need for a change symmetry breaking nucleon-nucleon interaction from a measurement of isospin mixing between T=0 and 1 states.