负载Cu的镁铝复合金属氧化物催化合成碳酸丙烯酯

通过浸渍法制备了负载Cu的镁铝水滑石类化合物Cu/HT,经过450℃焙烧得到负载Cu的镁铝复合金属氧化物Cu/LDO,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)分析等技术对催化剂的结构进行了表征。研究了其对尿素与1,2-丙二醇合成碳酸丙烯酯的催化性能。考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量等工艺条件对反应性能的影响。结果表明,以水滑石为前躯体的负载Cu的镁铝复合金属氧化物cu/LDO对尿素与1,2-丙二醇合成碳酸丙烯酯具有比较好的催化活性。当反应温度为170℃、1,2-丙二醇与尿素的摩尔比为4:1、催化剂用量为原料总质量的1.0%、反应时间为3h时,碳酸丙烯酯的收率达到95.2%。     

Cu对Zn1－xFexO稀磁半导体磁性的影响

采用水热法，在温度430 ℃，填充度35%，矿化剂为3 mol·L^-1KOH，前驱物为添加适量的FeCl₂·6H₂O的Zn(OH)₂，反应时间24h，合成了Zn_1-xFe_xO和Zn_1-xFe_xO：Cu稀磁半导体晶体.当在Zn(OH)₂中添加一定量的FeCl₂·6H₂O为前驱物，水热反应产物为掺杂Fe的Zn_1-xFe_xO多种形态晶体混合物，其个体较大的晶体中的Fe原子百分比含量为0.49%—0.52%.采用超导量子干涉磁强计测量了材料的磁性，晶体的磁化强度随温度下降而减小.在前驱物中同时加入适量比例的Cu化合物，合成了共掺杂Cu的Zn_1-xFe_xO：Cu，和Zn_1-xFe_xO相比，其室温下的磁化强度有明显的提高，且在室温下具有铁磁性. 关键词： 氧化锌 水热 稀磁半导体 晶体     

In2O3/CuO纳米异质结的制备和光催化性质研究

通过溶胶-凝胶结合静电纺丝过程制备了In₂O₃/CuO纳米异质结。XRD和Raman光谱的研究表明,随着前驱物中Cu/In比例的增加,CuO相的含量逐渐增加。吸收光谱研究表明,随着CuO含量的增加,复合纳米结构的可见光吸收明显增强。光催化实验研究结果表明,In₂O₃/CuO纳米异质结具有比单一相的In₂O₃和CuO更强的光催化性能,其主要来源于异质结所导致的增强的光生电子和空穴的分离效率。     

基于约束非平衡溶剂化理论的对硝基苯胺π-π*光谱移动 (cited: 1)

采用共沉淀法制备不同组分类水滑石前驱体Co-M-Al和Co-M-Ce-Al (M=Zn, Ni, Cu)复合氧化物催化剂催化分解N₂O. 结果表明,Co-M-Al系列氧化物催化剂的催化活性Co-Ni-Al系列>Co-Zn-Al系列>Co-Cu-Al系列;CeO₂添加使得催化剂催化活性进一步提高,N₂O分解温度T₅₀和T₉₀均下降80 oC;继续负载碱金属K也使氧化物催化剂催化活性提高,N₂O分解温度T₅₀和T₉₀下降约50 oC.     

单晶硅上化学气相沉积铜薄膜的机理研究

在自行设计、建立的MOCVD系统上,以Cu(hfac)2为反应前驱物在单晶硅上进行铜薄膜的化学气相沉积,并用AFM、SEM对铜核的成长机理进行了研究．结果表明,反应初期,单晶硅上铜核的成长为岛状,反应后期为先层状后岛状．利用XPS对铜薄膜成长的反应机理进行了探讨,由薄膜的Cu2p、Ols、Fls、Si2p谱可推论出,XPS谱中所出现的C=O、OH及CF3／CF2可能为Cu(hfac),当Cu(hfac)2在高温下分解成Cu(hfac)及hfac后,H2还原表面的hfac生成OH基,反应进行一段时间,OH基浓度大到一定的程度后,与Cu(hfac)2热裂解产生的hfac作用生成HO-hfac并脱附,使表面的铜的氧化物被还原以及发生Cu(hfac)2与H2的氧化还原反应．     

Mn-Cu合金成分对去合金化法制备纳米多孔铜的影响

 采用电弧熔炼制备出前驱体Mn-Cu合金,在稀盐酸溶液中自由腐蚀去合金化,制备出具有双连续结构的纳米多孔铜。研究了前驱体合金的成分对纳米多孔铜微观结构及Mn的选择性腐蚀程度的影响。结果表明：前驱体Mn-Cu合金的Cu原子分数为43%时,其去合金化受到抑制,存在明显的未完全去合金化的岛状结构;前驱体Mn-Cu合金的Cu原子分数为32%～23%时,可完全去合金化,形成平均孔径尺寸为20～100 nm,平均系带尺寸为30～80 nm,具有双连续结构的纳米多孔铜;前驱体Mn-Cu合金的Cu原子分数低至20%时,去合金化后存在大量裂纹,形成纳米颗粒聚集体。纳米多孔铜中存在少量的残余Mn,残余Mn的原子分数随着前驱体合金Mn原子分数的增高而降低。实验表明腐蚀液浓度对纳米多孔铜形貌也存在影响。     

在氧-水蒸气存在下单相Sr2(Gd,Ce)2Cu2RuO10的合成及其电学性质

传统固相反应所合成的锶系钌铜氧化物,通常总伴有少量铁磁性SrRuO3杂相.采用氧(或空气)-水蒸气混合气氛下的新型固相反应,既能成功合成锶系钌铜氧化物的前驱物纯相Sr2GdRuO6(211相), 也能进一步在相对低的温度下成功合成锶系钌铜氧1222纯相化合物RuSr2(Gd,Ce)2Cu2O10 (Ru-1222),使其中SrRuO3杂相含量大大减少.详细讨论了新型固相反应下产物的形成及其机理,并涉及SrRuO3杂相的存在对RuSr2(Gd,Ce)2Cu2O10产物电学性质的影响.结果表明,水蒸气的作用能抑制前驱物合成中SrRuO3杂相的形成,进而控制反应产物Ru-1222相中SrRuO3杂相的存在,而后者又有利于Ru-1222相超导电性的获得.     

紫外光固化阳离子复合胶粘剂的制备与表征

 以三芳基六氟磷酸硫鎓盐为引发剂,钛酸四异丙酯(TIP)为无机前驱体,3,4-环氧环己基甲基3,4-环氧环己基甲酸酯为单体,制备了含TiO2纳米结构的紫外光固化阳离子复合胶粘剂。通过原子力显微镜对复合胶粘剂形貌进行表征,研究了TIP含量对胶粘剂折射率和光透过率的影响。结果表明：TiO2无机相均匀地分散在胶粘剂的聚合物基体中,平均粒径约为20 nm;随着体系中TIP质量分数的变化,复合胶粘剂折射率为1.510 3~1.540 9可调;胶粘剂的光透过率随TIP质量分数增加略有减低,但当TIP含量高达40%时,光透过率维持在90%左右。     

异质结型CuO/ZnO复合纳米线的制备及光催化性能

在室温下,通过溶液法在Cu衬底上制备了CuO纳米线,然后采用溶剂热法在CuO纳米线表面生长ZnO纳米颗粒以构建CuO/ZnO复合纳米线异质结构。利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪和X射线光电子能谱分析了样品的形貌、结构和元素组成。结果显示CuO/ZnO复合纳米线由ZnO纳米颗粒和CuO纳米线组成。在模拟太阳光照射下,以亚甲基蓝溶液为模拟污染物研究了样品的光催化性能。结果表明,相比纯CuO纳米线,CuO/ZnO复合纳米线能够使亚甲基蓝溶液的光降解效率达到40%,在相同条件下具有更优异的光催化活性。光催化机理研究表明CuO/ZnO纳米复合材料光催化活性的增强主要是由于CuO与ZnO结合形成的p-n异质结有效促进了光生载流子的分离。     

Mg含量及包套厚度对套管法Nb_3Al前驱线机械性能影响

制备具有优良机械性能Nb3Al前驱线是得到Nb3Al超导长线,继而制备实用化高场磁体的基础.本文选用Mg的含量分别为1.08wt.%和4.48wt.%的两种Al合金棒作为Al芯,不同壁厚的Cu管作为包套,利用套管法分别制备了两组不同芯丝数的Nb3Al前驱线.通过观察和测量两组前驱线芯丝形状和硬度的变化,以及对前驱线拉伸曲线和拉伸后断口形貌的分析,研究了影响前驱线机械性能的因素,提出了改善芯丝加工性能的方案.结果表明:Mg含量和Cu包套的壁厚对前驱线的机械性能有很大的影响,选择合适的Al合金棒以及包套,可以得到芯丝均匀,具备良好机械性能的Nb3Al前驱线,49芯前驱线经过扩散热处理后得到了15.7K的超导转变起始温度.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.