三维可穿透目标远场声波反演的一种指示器样本方法

提出了用时谐声散射场的远场信息来可视化三维可穿透目标的一种指示器样本方法,它是通过析取一个指示器函数在包含可穿透目标的某个样本区域中的支集来实现这种可视化的,其中,这个指示器函数在可穿透目标的内部和外部有显著不同的取值.这个算法的一个特别吸引人的性质是不需要关于障碍物的任何几何和物理的先验信息,并且只需要散射场在某个有限孔径中若干个入射和测量方向上的远场信息,即可得到可穿透目标的一个很理想的可视化.数值算例保证了这个可视化算法是有效和实用的 关键词： 声散射 反问题 物形反演     

用近场声学测量信息可视化多个三维障碍物的一种快速算法

提出了用点声源散射场的近场信息来可视化多个三维障碍物的一种简单快速算法,它是通过利用一个线性方程组的解的三维等值线图来实现这种可视化的.这个算法的一个特别吸引人的性质是,它避开了迭代技术的应用,而且不需要关于障碍物的任何几何和物理的先验信息.此外,它只需要散射场在测量表面的某个有限范围中若干个观测点处的近场测量信息,就能得到障碍物的一个很理想的可视化.数值算例保证了这个可视化算法是有效和实用的 关键词： 声散射 反问题 物形反演     

浅海波导中目标散射的边界元方法

提出了一种计算三维散射体在声速剖面随深度变化、距离无关浅海波导中散射声场的数值方法波导边界元方法。当散射体不十分靠近波导界面因而边界多次散射可以忽略时,在边界元计算中可以用自由场格林函数近似波导格林函数。应用镜像法和球波函数加法定理推导了理想波导中球体散射声场的解析解,用来验证波导边界元方法的计算精度,证明该数值方法是准确的。对浅海波导中水下潜器散射声场数值模拟的结果表明,浅海波导海面、海底界面反射、声速剖面等对目标散射声场的幅值和方向性都有很大的影响。      

高对比度目标的电磁逆散射超分辨成像

提出了一种适用于高对比度目标的超分辨成像方法,通过结合对比度源反演方法与基于轨道角动量的超分辨技术,实现对高对比度目标的超分辨成像.首先采用基于轨道角动量的成像方法求解出对比度函数,将其作为对比度源反演方法的迭代初值,虽然初值结果与实际目标相差较大,但是由于初值中已经包含了关于目标的倏逝波信息,再利用这个初值开始迭代便可以得到超分辨重建结果,这种方法具有一定的抗噪声能力.本文研究表明,为了实现超分辨成像,一方面需要将目标对应的倏逝波信息转化到测量数据中,另一方面还要保证成像算法能够充分利用这些信息.本文所引申出的关于超分辨信息的概念对于逆散射超分辨成像的研究具有一定的借鉴意义.     

半空间三维目标的快速声学成像

研究了从声散射场的远场分布的信息来再现半空间三维目标几何特征信息的反问题,提出了求解这种非线性不适定问题的一种简单快速算法。该方法的一个特别的性质是只需要通过一个不适定的线性方程组求解,即可简单快速地得到半空间中三维目标几何特征信息的一个清晰的像,而且目标的个数和边界条件的类型等几何与物理的先验信息在本算法中都是不需要的。数值算例保证了本算法的有效性。     

基于Mueller矩阵成像椭偏仪的纳米结构几何参数大面积测量

为了实现有效的工艺监控, 在批量化纳米制造中对纳米结构的关键尺寸等几何参数进行快速、低成本、非破坏性的精确测量具有十分重要的意义. 光学散射仪目前已经发展成为批量化纳米制造中纳米结构几何参数在线测量的一种重要手段. 传统光学散射测量技术只能获得光斑照射区内待测参数的平均值, 而对小于光斑照射区内样品的微小变化难以准确分析. 此外, 由于其只能进行单点测试, 必须要移动样品台进行扫描才能获得大面积区域内待测参数的分布信息, 从而严重影响测试效率. 为此, 本文将传统光学散射测量技术与显微成像技术相结合, 提出利用Mueller矩阵成像椭偏仪实现纳米结构几何参数的大面积快速准确测量. Mueller矩阵成像椭偏仪具有传统Mueller矩阵椭偏仪测量信息全、光谱灵敏度高的优势, 同时又有显微成像技术高空间分辨率的优点, 有望为批量化纳米制造中纳米结构几何参数提供一种大面积、快速、低成本、非破坏性的精确测量新途径.     

楔形理想波导中球体散射的镜像方法

应用镜像原理和球波函数加法公式,把楔形理想波导中球体的散射声场等效为无界空间中多球体散射声场,镜像解析解与边界元数值结果相同,可以作为边界随水平距离变化波导中目标散射数值方法的标准解。比较无界空间和楔形理想波导中球体散射声场空间分布特征,结果表明:楔形理想波导中球体的散射声场在水平和倾斜边界反射;散射声场沿楔形理想波导下坡方向的衰减在相同的水平距离下小于无界空间的情况,散射声场在楔形理想波导上坡的空间分布受到限制。     

二维海面上舰船目标电磁散射及合成孔径雷达成像技术研究

研究了二维海面上三维金属目标的电磁散射计算以及合成 孔径雷达(SAR)成像技术. 基于物理光学法、几何光学法和射线弹跳法计算了海 面与目标镜面反射及相互耦合作用; 并用等效电流法计算了目标的棱边绕射作用, 该方法考虑了阴影效应,同时为了消除人为截断引起的边缘衍射, 采用锥形入射波入射. 应用蒙特卡罗法生成的Pierson-Moskowitz谱粗糙面模拟实际海洋面, 计算海面上立方体及舰船的双站雷达散射截面, 通过与数值算法的结果相比较, 验证了该算法的正确性. 运用该解析法快速获取不同频率、 不同角度入射波照射下海面与目标的复合后向散射场数组, 结合SAR成像技术, 得到海面上立方体以及不同姿态舰船目标的SAR成像结果. 该研究成果在实际海洋遥感、海面上军事目标的探测与识别 等领域中具有重要的应用价值.     

针对散射激光的全向激光告警系统激光威胁源定位技术研究

针对目前散射激光告警中只能定位到散射激光光斑,而不能追溯到敌方来袭激光源的现状,构建了战场环境下包括敌方威胁激光源、照射于某平台上的散射激光光斑以及全向激光告警系统在内的空间三维几何模型,推导了平台上散射激光光斑轮廓解析表达式,以及轮廓上任意一点相对鱼眼镜头的物方半视场角表达式。将成像于探测器上的光斑进行鱼眼成像畸变校正并取光斑边缘点,计算得到三维几何模型诸参数。再将模型参数与传感器阵列信息相结合,可最终获取敌方威胁激光源相对系统的方位和距离信息。最后对以上方法进行了实验验证并对产生误差的原因进行了分析。     

利用多途时延的被动目标定位方法

本文研究了在海洋波导环境中利用多途时延信息进行水下目标被动定位的方法。理论分析了在等声速理想海洋波导环境中,多途时延信息随时间变化的规律及其与目标运动状态之间的联系。分析结果表明,不需要已知声线类型而仅利用多途时延信息即可实现浅海波导环境中水下目标的被动定位。利用多途时延信息,当有两条声线到达时可以估计运动目标的归一化径向速度;当有三条声线到达时,可实现水下运动目标距离、径向速度的估计。最后利用仿真和实验数据对上述结论进行了验证。     

Enhanced scattering of acoustic waves at interfaces

We propose a general method to realize a total scattering of an incident acoustic wave at interfaces between different media while allowing the flow of air, fluids and/or particles. This originates from the enlargement of the equivalent acoustic scattering cross section of an embedded object coated with acoustic metamaterials, which causes the coated object to behave as a scatterer bigger than its physical size. We theoretically design a model circular cylindrical object coated with such metamaterials whose properties are determined according to two different, but identical, methods. The desired function is confirmed for both far-field and near-field cases with full wave simulations based on the finite element method. This work reveals a promising way to achieve noise shielding and naval camouflage.     

Reconstruction of the characteristics and determination of the parameters of a statistical surface roughness from light scattering data in an integrated waveguide in the presence of noise

A computer simulation is used to obtain the solution to the direct and inverse problems of the waveguide scattering of laser radiation by a stationary statistical surface roughness of the substrate of an integrated optical waveguide in the presence of additive or multiplicative white noise. It is shown that the procedure developed for processing far-field scattering data is capable of providing the necessary information on the statistical properties of the surface roughness even when the signal-to-noise ratio is very low (SNR≈1). For a given additive or multiplicative noise with SNR≥1, the proposed method allows one, in the model calculations, to reconstruct the autocorrelation function with an error within 50–80% when the roughness correlation interval varies from λ/50 to 10λ (correspondingly). In this case, the correlation interval can be determined with an error no greater than 10–30%, and an rms height of the order of 1–500 Å, with an error less than 5–15%.     

Imaging skins: an imaging modality with ultra-thin form factor

Reduction of the volume and mass of an imaging system would be advantageous in a variety of applications. However, the far-field resolution of any such system is fundamentally limited by aperture size. We present a new imaging modality based on waveguide coupling that is completely confined to a two-dimensional surface. One such imaging skin was shown to have the same resolution as a 0.5 cm diameter lens while maintaining an imaging system depth of a few micrometers.     

Study on the imaging characteristics of far-field superlens

The optical transfer function of the far-field superlens imaging system is established in this thesis to make it easy to describe the corresponding relation between the far-field angular spectrum and the near-field object superresolution information. We utilized the established optical transfer function to make detailed research on the imaging characteristics of the far-field superresolution, also reconstruct the near-field nano-information through the far-field angular spectrum, which proves that the resolution of the far-field superlens with structure coupled with metal grating can reach 50 nm, and provides a helpful reference for the study of the new optical microscope imaging of superresolution.     

散射介质超衍射极限技术研究进展

综述了已有散射介质超衍射极限聚焦和成像技术的研究现状及进展。首先介绍了这一领域的研究背景及意义,以及已有超衍射极限成像技术的发展现状;然后给出了应用于超衍射极限成像的散射介质定义;其次分析了时间反演技术在声学、微波领域聚焦上的应用,介绍了时间反演法在光学领域超衍射极限聚焦应用中的实现方法,总结了散射介质加入到光学系统中的作用,分析了利用反馈控制调节和光学相位共轭方法进行散射介质超衍射极限聚焦方法的特点;讨论了基于空域和空频域传输矩阵测量的散射介质宽场成像方法及在该目的下的散射介质制备方法;最后给出了散射介质光学超衍射极限成像技术研究前景及展望。     

Method for radar cross section measurements in millimeter and submillimeter wave regions

We present a new method for electromagnetic modeling radar scattering processes. In this method we use a quasi-optical waveguide of the type of "hollow dielectric waveguide" as a fundamental component of radar cross section (RCS) instrumentation systems. Such waveguide structure produces required target-illuminating quasiplane wave and suppresses unwanted waves as well as transmits the legitimate signal from test object, mounted inside this waveguide, to the reception zone. Presented method is especially effective one in millimeter and submillimeter wave regions, in particular, for investigation RCS of targets with small reflectivity.     

Far-field approximation in electromagnetic scattering

The volume integral equation formalism is used to derive and analyze specific criteria of applicability of the far-field approximation in electromagnetic scattering by a finite three-dimensional object. In the case of wavelength-sized and larger objects, this analysis leads to a natural subdivision of the entire external space into a near-field zone, a transition zone, and a far-field zone. It is demonstrated that the general criteria of far-field scattering are consistent with the theory and practice of T-matrix computations.     

Modification to first-order Born approximation for improved prediction of scattered sound from weakly scattering objects

When deriving the Fourier diffraction theorem based on the first-order Born approximation,the difference between wave number of the scattering object and that of the surrounding medium is ignored,causing substantial errors in sound scattering prediction.This paper modifies the Born approximation by taking into account the amplitude and phase changes between the scattering object and the water due to the wave number difference.By changing the radius and center position of the sampling circle in the Fourier domain,accuracy of the predicted sound scattering is improved.With the modified Born approximation,the computed far-field directional pattern of the scattered sound from a circular cylinder is in good agreement with the rigorous solution.Numerical calculations for several objects with different shapes are used to show applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Round-trip imaging through scattering media based on optical transmission matrix

Traditional one-way imaging methods become invalid when a target object is completely hidden behind scattering media. In this case, it has been much more challenging, since the light wave is distorted twice.To solve this problem, we propose an imaging method, so-called round-trip imaging, based on the optical transmission matrix of the scattering medium. We show that the object can be recovered directly from the distorted output wave, where no scanning is required during the imaging process. We predict that this method might improve the imaging speed and have potential application for real-time imaging.     

修正一阶Born近似改进水中弱散射目标的散射声场预报

在推导Fourier衍射定理中运用一阶Born近似时忽略了弱散射体内外的波数差异,使散射声场方向特性的预报产生较大误差,针对这一问题,对一阶Born近似进行修正。考虑散射体内外波数差异引起的幅度和相位误差,通过调整频域采样圆弧半径并移动圆心位置得到了修正的一阶Born近似解。由于更准确地反映了目标与周围水介质的声学性质,有效提高了散射声场的预报精度。根据修正的Born近似计算了弱散射条件下无限长圆柱目标的散射远场指向性,结果与严格解相吻合,对其它形状截面的柱状目标也得到了合理的计算结果。