三维海洋波导中散射目标快速声学远场成像

研究用声传播远场分布信息成像海洋波导环境中三维散射目标的反问题,提出一种指示器样本成像方法,在不需要预先知道散射目标的任何声学和几何特性的情况下,可以快速得到其位置、形状等几何信息的一个理想的像.数值试验表明,该方法对成像海洋波导中三维散射目标是有效的,即使在有限孔径测量方式和具有噪声测量数据时,也能够得到散射目标的一个理想成像,表明海洋波导边界的多重反射效应对成像效果具有一定的正面影响.     

EIKONAL-BORN EXPANSION AND ITS APPLICATION IN LARGE-ANGLE SCATTERING

In this paper, the scattering amplitude is expanded by two eikonal wave functions which propagate along the incoming and outgoing directions respectively to replace the distorted wave functions in DWBA. Then, we obtain a method to calculate the non-relativistic large angle scattering. This method can be easily generalized to relativistically phenomenological dynamical equation.     

Quantitative damage imaging using Lamb wave diffraction tomography

In this paper, we investigate the diffraction tomography for quantitative imaging damages of partly through-thickness holes with various shapes in isotropic plates by using converted and non-converted scattered Lamb waves generated numerically. Finite element simulations are carried out to provide the scattered wave data. The validity of the finite element model is confirmed by the comparison of scattering directivity pattern(SDP) of circle blind hole damage between the finite element simulations and the analytical results. The imaging method is based on a theoretical relation between the one-dimensional(1D) Fourier transform of the scattered projection and two-dimensional(2D) spatial Fourier transform of the scattering object. A quantitative image of the damage is obtained by carrying out the 2D inverse Fourier transform of the scattering object. The proposed approach employs a circle transducer network containing forward and backward projections, which lead to so-called transmission mode(TMDT) and reflection mode diffraction tomography(RMDT),respectively. The reconstructed results of the two projections for a non-converted S0 scattered mode are investigated to illuminate the influence of the scattering field data. The results show that Lamb wave diffraction tomography using the combination of TMDT and RMDT improves the imaging effect compared with by using only the TMDT or RMDT. The scattered data of the converted A0 mode are also used to assess the performance of the diffraction tomography method. It is found that the circle and elliptical shaped damages can still be reasonably identified from the reconstructed images while the reconstructed results of other complex shaped damages like crisscross rectangles and racecourse are relatively poor.     

库仑程函近似下非弹性散射振幅角分布的广义函数分析

在库仑程函近似框架下,引进实参量(时间扫描参数)积分,将能壳上跃迁矩阵元分为靶的结构因子和弹的扭曲因子,导出了非分波扭曲因子的主项表达式和结构因子的解析表达式,利用广义函数方法分析了电子与类氢离子的非弹性散射角分布.     

Reconstruction of in-line digital holograms from two intensity measurements

We propose a new method based on in-line digital holography for the reconstruction of a wave front from only two intensity recordings. The simulation result shows that this method works well when the object wave is weak compared with the reference wave. This technique can be employed for real-time imaging.     

基于赝热光照明的单发光学散斑成像

散射介质对光的散射是当前限制光学成像深度或距离的一个严重的问题.本文首先数值模拟比较了光透过随机散射介质成像研究中常用的基于光学记忆效应(memory effect, ME)和自相关(autocorrelation, AC)方法的HIOER算法和乒乓(Ping-Pang, PP)算法的优缺点.通过对HIOER算法和PP算法的恢复效果和迭代次数进行比较,发现PP算法在保持较高恢复效果的前提下拥有更快的运行速度.实验中,利用连续HeNe激光器和旋转毛玻璃产生赝热光源,通过物镜对随机散射介质后数毫米距离内的不同形状物体进行了单帧成像,并采用PP算法成功地恢复出微米量级物体的实际图像.这一研究结果将进一步促进ME和AC方法在深层生物组织医学成像研究上的应用.最后,实验研究了不同的物镜和散射介质的间距对成像恢复的放大率、分辨率和图像强度的影响特性,并进行了详细研究.     

任意形状凸粗糙物体高斯光束相干散射研究

研究了任意形状凸粗糙物体对高斯光束的相干散射特性。由平面波谱展开法推导出粗糙面高斯波束散射场表达式．并根据物理光学近似和稳相法原理得到相干散射截面的理论公式。与平面波解不同的是,在公式中引入了波束因子这一表征波束作用的重要参量,该参量与束腰半径、束腰中心与物体中心距离和物体照射面积以及入射、散射方向有关。最后数值计算了1．06μm激光波束对粗糙球的散射,分析了波束因子．介电常量和极化状态对红外激光相干散射截面的影响,重点讨论了波束因子的变化规律。分析表明．当波束半径远大于物体尺寸时,波束入射的结果可退化到平面波情况。     

Temporal ghost imaging of a time object,dispersion cancelation,and nonlocal time lens with bi-photon state

We present a theory of temporal diffraction, temporal imaging of a bi-photon state, and temporal ghost imaging of a time object. By applying factional Fourier transform to the bi-photon wave packet propagating in space, we could obtain a theory that shows the physical origin of dispersion cancelation, temporal imaging, nonlocal effects of time lenses, and temporal ghost imaging. We introduce the temporal diffraction distance for bi-photon wave packet and show that the bi-photon wave packet behaves like a single wave packet whose temporal diffraction distance is determined by the coherent sum of the temporal diffraction distances for the signal and the idler beams. This property yields the well known dispersion cancelation, the recovery of original bi-photon wave packet in temporal imaging, and the nonlocal combination of two time lenses placed in different arms. We also propose a method for ghost imaging of an arbitrary time object.     

Enhanced scattering of acoustic waves at interfaces

We propose a general method to realize a total scattering of an incident acoustic wave at interfaces between different media while allowing the flow of air, fluids and/or particles. This originates from the enlargement of the equivalent acoustic scattering cross section of an embedded object coated with acoustic metamaterials, which causes the coated object to behave as a scatterer bigger than its physical size. We theoretically design a model circular cylindrical object coated with such metamaterials whose properties are determined according to two different, but identical, methods. The desired function is confirmed for both far-field and near-field cases with full wave simulations based on the finite element method. This work reveals a promising way to achieve noise shielding and naval camouflage.     

Crystal optics as guard apertures for coherent x-ray diffraction imaging

A crucial issue in coherent x-ray diffraction imaging experiments is how to increase the signal-to-noise ratio when measuring relatively weak diffraction intensities from a nonperiodic object. A novel crystal guard aperture is described that makes use of a pair of multiple-bounce crystal optics to eliminate unwanted parasitic scattering background. This background is often produced by upstream optical elements such as a coherent-beam defining aperture. Recent experimental observation and theoretical analysis confirm the effectiveness of the crystal guard aperture method with coherence-preserved wave propagation through the crystal guard aperture and dramatically reduced scattering background in coherent x-ray diffraction images.     

Homodyne and heterodyne imaging through a scattering medium

We introduce a novel two-dimensional (2D) homodyne and heterodyne technique for imaging objects through or embedded in a scattering medium. Our imaging approach is based on heterodyning of light with different Doppler broadenings that is scattered from objects of two different textures or from an opaque object and a textured scattering medium. We report on the initial demonstration of pulling signals out of noise for an object hidden behind a scattering medium. Enhancements of signal-to-noise ratio of the order of 50 have been achieved by use of a 2D holographic phase-sensitive detector. We also discuss the experimental feasibility of this approach for objects embedded in a scattering medium.     

In vivo biomicroscopy with ultrasound 2

In the first article of this series it was shown that the use of inverse scattering theory to analyse ultrasound reflections could provide high resolution images of the acoustic impedance profile of the retina. Unlike the retina, most tissue structures of interest, like small tumours and arterial plaque deposits, are shielded from view by intervening layers of tissue of appreciable acoustic impedance and attenuation. By analysing a one-dimensional model for a plaque deposit on the wall of a carotid artery embedded in a 5 cm thick layer of tissue, we demonstrate that a relatively high quality image can be recovered when compensation for the attenuation of the intervening tissue is made. We observe that because of the dearth of low frequency power in the recovered signal of ultrasound transducers, it is important that the field of view imaged is not taken to be too large. We compare the exact iterative distorted wave Born approximation inverse scattering method with the approximate but computationally faster plane wave Born approximation method and find that they give images of comparable quality for this model.     

Breakup of light nuclei within the modified distorted wave Born approximation

Reactions of the elastic breakup of loosely bound light nuclei are investigated in the scope of the distorted wave Born approximation, with deuterium breakup reactions used as an example. Some drawbacks of this approximation in calculating the breakup amplitude in the prior form are shown and their causes analyzed. We propose eliminating the drawbacks by employing a modified nucleus-nucleus potential in calculating the distorted wave functions of scattering in the exit reaction channel. The calculations are compared to the experimental data.     

Differential cross sections for elastic and inelastic positron scattering from alkali atoms

We have investigated positron scattering from the alkali atoms lithium, sodium, potassium and rubidium, focusing on the calculation of differential cross sections for elastic scattering and impact excitation. The results obtained with the two-state and five-state close-coupling method as well as the first-order distorted wave Born approximation are compared with each other and with some selected results for electron scattering. Numerical problems due to lack of, or numerically inaccurate, calculation of partial waves with large angular momenta are solved through semi-empirical fitting/extrapolation procedures.     

Three-dimensional ghost imaging based on periodic diffraction correlation imaging

We experimentally demonstrate a three-dimensional （3D） ghost imaging method based on period diffraction correlation imaging. Compared with conventional ghost imaging, our method can easily retrieve the images of different focal planes. Due to the correlation between the disturbed object beam and the reference beams which do not pass through any scattering, the clear images can be periodically obtained in the uncovered zones even through a scattering medium. The analysis of the 3D imaging resolution reveals that the proper resolution for actual demand can be achieved by designing our devices. The implementation of this experiment is quite simple and low-cost. It facilitates the practical applications of ghost imaging.     

反质子与核的电荷交换反应和非弹性散射

在扭曲波冲量近似下,讨论了反质子与核的电荷交换反应A(p,n)B和非弹性散射A(p,p′)*A.并具体地计算能量为E_p=179.7MeV和46.8MeV下¹²C(p,n)¹²B,¹⁸O(p,n)¹⁸N和¹⁸O(p,p′)¹⁸O的微分截面.用严格的分波法处理扭曲波.非弹性散射的微分截面能符合实验.同时预示了在这些能量下,反质子与核发生电荷交换反应可能出现的微分截面理论结果.     

Theory of one-phonon scattering of atoms from metal surfaces: Application to He/Ag(111)

We present explicit expressions for one-phonon scattering of atoms from metal surfaces, within the distorted wave Born approximation by including Van der Waals forces. A comparison is made with the recent high-resolution time of flight spectra for He/Ag(1 1 1). We explain in quantitative terms the position and the intensity of the peaks due to scattering from the Rayleigh wave of silver. Also the bulk phonons contribute to the spectra, but the calculated intensities underestimate the data.     

Antiproton-Nucleus Inelastic Scattering at Intermediate Energies

The distorted wave of antiproton is obtained by an optical potential derived from the multiple scattering theory In the framework of the distorted wave impulseapproximation, we discuss the antiproton-nucleus inelastic scattering at intermediate energies. The inelastic differential cross sections of 2+, 3- states at antiproton energies from 180 MeV to 1800 MeV are calculated. It is shown that DWIA fitted the experimented data quite well, and theoretical results of inelastic cross sections at higher energies are predicted.     

中能区反质子与核的非弹性散射

运用多次散射理论的光学势获得反质子的扭曲波.在扭曲波冲量近似下,讨论了中能区反质子与原子核的非弹性散射.考虑了反质子能量从180MeV到1800MeV这一能区¹²C,的2+,3-态微分截面.在这一能区的低能端,(E=180MeV)DWIA能够很好的符合实验,同时,预示了更高能量可能出现的微分截面的理论结果.     

透过散射介质对直线运动目标的全光成像及追踪技术

光散射是限制光传输以及降低和破坏光学成像性能的主要因素,透过复杂散射介质对运动目标的全光成像是光学领域极具挑战性的技术之一.本文提出一种利用散斑差值自相关透过散射介质对运动目标进行实时追踪的方法.采用赝热光照明,基于光学记忆效应理论,通过对运动目标采集的两帧散斑做差值,然后做自相关运算,计算目标移动的距离,实现对目标的实时追踪,并且利用相位恢复算法进行简单处理就可以重建隐藏目标.对该方法进行了实验验证,成功地对隐藏的运动目标实现了成像与追踪.这种透过散射介质对运动目标的全光成像及实时追踪技术,在生物医学等领域具有重要应用潜力.