颗粒膜厚度对表面传导电子发射的影响

制备了不同厚度下的C-Ti颗粒膜用作表面传导电子发射的阴极发射薄膜,研究了不同颗粒膜厚度对电子发射特性的影响。将所制备阴极器件加载不同电压幅值下的等幅三角波,对器件进行电形成,结果表明:颗粒膜厚度为69 nm的器件开启电压为32 V,在33 V时具有最大发射效率;颗粒膜厚度为855 nm的器件开启电压为15 V, 在23 V时发射效率最高;颗粒膜厚度为69 nm的器件所形成的电压范围和电子发射效率都明显高于颗粒膜厚度为855 nm的器件。     

Ag/Fe/Ag 纳米颗粒膜磁特性和微结构

"利用对靶磁控溅射法制备了一系列Ag/Fe/Ag纳米薄膜,沉积态样品Fe层厚度固定为35 nm,Ag层厚度为1、2、3、4、5 nm．随后对沉积态样品进行了退火处理,退火温度分别为200、300、400、500、600 ℃ , 退火30 min． 利用VSM测量了样品的磁特性, 利用SPM观察样品表面形貌和磁畴结构,并且利用XRD分析了样品的晶体结构．研究结果表明,沉积态样品随Ag层厚度的变化,垂直和平行膜面矫顽力均先增加后减小．当Ag层厚度为3 nm时,垂直膜面矫顽力最大约为260 Oe,样品颗粒分布均     

AuSi_x(x=1/2,1/7)纳米颗粒的制备及光致发光性能研究

采用射频磁控溅射法在n型单晶Si(100)衬底上制备Au/Si/Au多层薄膜,并在300℃真空原位退火30min。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察发现,退火前样品表面是一层平整的薄膜,而退火后样品表面形成均匀分布的岛状纳米颗粒,颗粒直径为10～20nm,面密度约1×1011cm-2。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及TEM分析表明,退火后样品表面形成单晶结构的AuSix(x=1/2,1/7)纳米颗粒。室温下对退火后样品的光致发光(PL)特性进行测试,样品在580,628和700nm处出现三个发光峰,经过分析这些发光峰与样品表面的SiO2结构,AuSix纳米颗粒周围的悬挂键等缺陷以及样品表面SiO2纳米结构中的无桥联氧等因素有关。     

Au-BaTiO3复合薄膜的脉冲激光沉积制备及其非线性光学效应

利用脉冲激光沉积技术制备了掺杂金纳米颗粒的钛酸钡复合薄膜Au-BaTiO3,用高分辨透射电镜和X射线光电子能谱对薄膜进行了表征。从透射电镜照片可以看出,制备的样品中金颗粒大小约为2~3 nm,呈球形,均匀分布在载体介质中。X射线光电子能谱给出了Ba3d、Ti2p和Au4f电子芯能级结合能,结果表明载体介质是以BaTiO3的形式存在,而Au以金属的状态掺杂其中。330~800 nm范围的线性吸收谱表明样品中Au颗粒的共振吸收峰在500 nm附近。用单光束纵向扫描方法测量了样品的三阶非线性光学效应,使用的光源为调Q的YAG激光器,波长为532 nm,脉宽为10 ns,得到的非线性折射率和非线性吸收系数分别为-2.42×10-6esu和2.22×10-6m/W,表明了Au-BaTiO3复合薄膜有较大的非线性光学响应。     

原子层沉积AlO_x薄膜对单晶硅太阳能电池钝化机制的影响

采用原子层沉积设备在p型单晶制绒硅上制备了不同厚度的AlO_x薄膜。通过研究AlO_x薄膜厚度对样品的反射率、少数载流子寿命以及电容-电压特性的影响,发现沉积32 nm的AlO_x薄膜样品具有最好的钝化效果。另外,通过计算Si/AlO_x界面处的固定电荷密度和缺陷态密度,发现32 nm厚的AlO_x薄膜样品具有最低的缺陷态密度。系统研究了单晶硅材料的表面钝化机制,给出了影响样品载流子寿命的根本来源。     

ZnO/SiO2 复合薄膜的光学性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃衬底上制备ZnO/SiO₂复合薄膜,分别用XRD、TEM、SEM对样品的结构和形貌进行表征,并研究了不同ZnO含量对复合薄膜透过率及荧光特性的影响。结果表明,样品经500 ℃退火处理生成了SiO₂和ZnO,其晶粒尺寸为18.7 nm,薄膜具有双层结构。复合薄膜的透过率随着其中ZnO含量的增加而降低,禁带宽度减小,光学吸收边红移。样品在355 nm波长激发下产生了384 nm的紫外发射峰和440 nm的蓝光发射带,并随ZnO含量的增加而增强,它们分别来自ZnO的电子-空穴复合发光和缺陷发光,及ZnO/SiO₂复合薄膜双层结构的缺陷发光。     

金纳米粒子掺杂DNA-CTMA-DPFP薄膜的表面增强拉曼散射特性

采用柠檬酸三钠还原氯金酸和离子交换法制备金纳米粒子掺杂DNA-CTMA材料,利用钯催化反应合成9,9-二乙基-2,7-二-(4-吡啶)芴荧光染料(DPFP),将DPFP与DNA-CTMA混合后,旋凃制备金纳米粒子掺杂的DNA-CTMA-DPFP薄膜样品。通过吸收光谱、荧光光谱和拉曼光谱的测量,研究了薄膜样品的光学特性和表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)特性。实验结果表明,薄膜样品在300～360 nm的吸收主要来自DPFP,在500～700 nm的吸收来自样品中金纳米粒子的局域表面等离子共振;样品在370,386,408 nm处的荧光峰分别对应DPFP的S₁₀-S₀₀、S₁₀-S₀₁和S₁₀-S₀₂能级的电子振动跃迁;在785 nm激光激发下,薄膜样品的拉曼散射主要来自DPFP分子,随着金纳米粒子掺杂比的增大,DPFP分子的拉曼散射峰强度逐渐增强。因此,金纳米粒子掺杂DNA-CTMA薄膜适合作为多种染料分子的SERS基底。     

纳米Ag颗粒复合薄膜的制备及其吸收特性

利用磁控溅射分层制备Ag和SiO₂薄膜,通过快速热处理,使Ag颗粒富集在复合薄膜的表面.研究了Ag膜层厚度、退火时间、退火温度和退火方式对Ag颗粒形貌的影响,以及Ag颗粒致密度对其共振吸收的影响.结果表明:通过控制每层Ag膜的厚度,可有效控制Ag颗粒形貌.当每层金属为2 nm、退火温度为500 ℃时,形成的颗粒粒径大小均匀且致密度较高.通过间断退火可有效降低Ag颗粒的粒径.发现Ag颗粒表面等离子共振吸收并没有随颗粒粒径的减小而明显降低,甚至提高.这和以往的报道不同.通过深入研究金属颗粒表面等离子体产生机理,发现其表面等离子共振吸收增强的原因是致密度较高的颗粒表面能级与费米能级差值较大,Ag颗粒内部的电子向颗粒表面迁移越多,形成新的费米能级E'_F的电子数就越多,表面等离子共振吸收就越强.最终得出了金属颗粒共振吸收不单纯依赖于金属粒径、和颗粒的致密度也有很大关系的结论.     

膜厚对射频磁控溅射法制备的SnS薄膜结构和光学性质的影响

利用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备SnS薄膜,用X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱仪(EDS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计(UV-Vis-NIR)分别对所制备的薄膜晶体结构、组分、表面形貌、厚度、反射率和透过率进行表征分析。研究结果表明:薄膜厚度的增加有利于改善薄膜的结晶质量和组分配比,晶粒尺寸和颗粒尺寸随着厚度的增加而变大。样品的折射率在1 500~2 500 nm波长范围内随着薄膜厚度的增加而增大。样品在可见光区域吸收强烈,吸收系数达10⁵ cm^-1量级。禁带宽度在薄膜厚度增加到1 042 nm时为1.57 eV,接近于太阳电池材料的的最佳光学带隙(1.5 eV)。     

射频溅射法制备3C-SiC和4H-SiC薄膜

利用射频溅射法在Si衬底上制备了SiC薄膜，并利用x射线衍射（XRD）和红外（IR）吸收谱对薄膜的结构、成分及化学键合状态进行了分析.XRD结果表明，低温制备的SiC薄膜为非晶相，而在高温下（＞800℃），薄膜呈现4HSiC和3CSiC结晶相.IR谱显示，溅射制备薄膜的吸收特性主要为Si—C键的吸收.此外，还利用原子力显微镜对薄膜的表面形貌进行了研究，并研究了样品的场发射特性. 关键词： 射频溅射 SiC薄膜 结构 表面形貌 场发射     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.