化学气相沉积法中SnO2一维纳米结构的控制生长

以Sn和SnO为源材料,化学气相沉积法中通过控制反应物配比及载气中的氧含量等宏观实验条件,实现了SnO2一维纳米结构的控制生长,成功获得各种不同横向尺度的SnO2纳米线、纳米带以及直径连续变化的针状纳米结构. 通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪对不同实验条件下所制备的样品进行形貌和晶格结构表征,认为高温生长点附近锡与氧的相对含量是控制SnO2一维纳米结构生长的关键因素;并在此基础上对SnO2一维纳米结构的生长机理进行了深入的讨论.     

醇体系中合成CuGaS2纳米晶及其形貌演变

以CuCl2·2H2O,自制的GaCl3和(NH2)2CS为原料,在乙二醇体系中合成了花状结构的CuGaS2纳米晶．产物分别用X射线粉末衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、场发射扫描电子显微镜、高分辩透射电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪进行了表征．实验结果表明,220℃反应24 h得到均匀的花状纳米结构CuGaS2,它是由厚度80-100 nm的片晶组成．同时,通过反应时间的控制,可以清楚的看到由纳米颗粒到纳米球以及花状纳米结构的演变过程．另外,研究了反应温度、反应时间、溶剂等对产物和形貌的影响．此外,对花状结构纳米晶的生长机理进行了初步的探讨．室温荧光光谱表明,随粒径的降低,发光位发生了部分蓝移．     

化学气相沉积法中SnO2一维纳米结构的控制生长

以Sn和SnO为源材料，化学气相沉积法中通过控制反应物配比及载气中的氧含量等宏观实验条件，实现了SnO₂一维纳米结构的控制生长，成功获得各种不同横向尺度的SnO₂纳米线、纳米带以及直径连续变化的针状纳米结构. 通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪对不同实验条件下所制备的样品进行形貌和晶格结构表征，认为高温生长点附近锡与氧的相对含量是控制SnO₂一维纳米结构生长的关键因素；并在此基础上对SnO₂一维纳米结构的生长机理进行了深入的讨论.     

纳米ZnO颗粒在阳极Al2O3模板中的强光致发光研究

用金属醇盐水解法在阳极Al2O3模板的有序孔洞中生长了纳米量级的ZnO颗粒,并用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和高分辨电子显微镜（HRTEM）对其形貌进行观察。对纳米ZnO/多孔阳极Al2O3模板组装体的光致发光谱进行测量,将组装体中ZnO颗粒的发光强度与常规方法制备的纳米ZnO颗粒发光强度做了比较,就发光强度提高的原因进行了讨论。     

SnO2微纳米材料的合成及其生长机理研究

利用简单的化学气相沉积法,以Sn粉为源材料合成不同形貌的一维SnO2纳米棒、纳米线和纳米花等纳米结构,并通过减小载气中的氧含量获得新颖的SnO2亚微米环状结构.通过调节Sn粉的量和载气中的氧含量、升温速率等试验条件,有效实现SnO2一维纳米结构的控制生长.采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪表征产物形貌、成分和物相结构,并探讨了SnO2微纳米材料的生长机理.     

射频等离子体辅助化学气相沉积方法生长碳纳米洋葱

用射频等离子体辅助化学气相沉积方法生长碳纳米洋葱.电子显微镜观察表明,产物中无碳纳米管等伴随生成,因而制得了较高产率、较高纯度的纳米洋葱.尤其是Co-SiO₂催化剂生长的碳纳米洋葱,实心、光滑,且内无催化剂颗粒,其外层由未闭合的、呈波浪状的石墨片构成,显示出与众不同的微观结构和性能.提出了该方法中碳纳米洋葱的生长机理为碳笼由里向外嵌套形成球形粒子.对波浪状、非闭合结构的形成过程进行了讨论. 关键词： 射频等离子体 化学气相沉积 碳纳米洋葱     

在双热舟化学气相沉积系统中通过掺In技术生长GaN纳米线和纳米锥

在现有的一台蒸发镀膜机基础上，设计加工了一个双热舟化学气相沉积系统.该系统具有真空度高、升温速度快、源和衬底温度可分别控制等优点，有利于化合物半导体纳米材料的生长.利用该生长系统，通过在生长过程中掺入等电子杂质In作为表面活性剂，分别在Si衬底和3C-SiC/Si衬底上生长出高质量的具有纤锌矿结构的单晶GaN纳米线和纳米尖三棱锥.所得产物通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜、能量色散x射线谱仪、x射线衍射仪，和荧光谱仪进行表征.这里所用的生长方法新颖，生长出的GaN纳米尖三棱锥在场发射和激光方面有潜在的应用价值. 关键词： GaN 纳米结构 透射电子显微镜 光致荧光谱     

He+ 辐照剂量对钨纳米丝生长的影响

采用低能(50eV)大流强的He+ 辐照多晶钨材料,辐照温度1420±50K,辐照剂量从1.0×1024ions/m2逐渐增加到1.0×1027ions/m2,用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、称重等手段分析辐照后钨样品表面微观结构的形貌改变及质量损失的情况,系统的研究了He+ 辐照剂量对钨纳米丝生长的影响.结果表明,随着He+ 辐照剂量的增加,钨纳米丝的厚度最终达到饱和,由于辐照后钨表面存在致密的钨纳米丝层,进而导致到达钨纳米丝层底部的He+ 数量和能量降低,从而导致钨纳米丝生长速率显著降低,且当钨纳米丝生长速率和和钨纳米丝的侵蚀速率相等时,钨纳米丝生长将会达到平衡.     

PLD方法制备的ZnO纳米柱结构及光学特性

采用无催化脉冲激光沉积(PLD)方法,在InP(100)衬底上生长纳米ZnO柱状结构。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)以及光致发光(PL)谱等表征手段对ZnO纳米柱的形貌、晶体结构和光学特性进行了观察。SEM图像观察到ZnO纳米柱状结构具有一定的取向性;XRD测试在2θ=34.10°处观测到强的ZnO(002)衍射峰,证实ZnO纳米柱具有较好的c轴择优取向;室温PL谱在379nm处观察到了强的自由激子发射峰(半峰全宽为19nm),未探测到深能级跃迁发射峰,表明生长的纳米ZnO结构具有很高的光学质量。     

SnO2微纳米材料的合成及其生长机理研究

利用简单的化学气相沉积法,以Sn粉为源材料合成不同形貌的一维SnO₂纳米棒、纳米线和纳米花等纳米结构,并通过减小载气中的氧含量获得新颖的SnO₂亚微米环状结构.通过调节Sn粉的量和载气中的氧含量、升温速率等试验条件,有效实现SnO₂一维纳米结构的控制生长.采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪表征产物形貌、成分和物相结构,并探讨了SnO₂微纳米材料的生长机理. 关键词： 2')" href="#">SnO₂ 纳米结构 亚微米环 生长机理     

MgO和Si上NbN超薄薄膜的生长研究

我们在单晶MgO(100)、Si(100)和SiOx/Si基片上成功生长了纳米厚度的超薄NbN薄膜,利用现代分析手段:X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)等技术分析研究了所制备的超薄NbN薄膜的微观结构、厚度、表面界面情况等物理特性。研究表明,在MgO(100)基片上获得了外延生长的单晶NbN超薄薄膜,在Si(100)和SiOx/Si基片上获得的是多晶NbN超薄薄膜。厚度均约6nm左右。这些超薄薄膜的超导转变温度分别为:MgO上薄膜是14.46K,Si和SiOx上薄膜分别是8.74K和9.01K.     

Canted antiferromagnetic and optical properties of nanostructures of Mn2O3 prepared by hydrothermal synthesis

We have reported new magnetic and optical properties of Mn2O3 nanostructures.The nanostructures have been synthesized by the hydrothermal method combined with the adjustment of pH values in the reaction system.The particular characteristics of the nanostructures have been analyzed by employing X-Ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray(EDX) analysis,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),Raman spectroscopy(RS),UV-visible spectroscopy,and the vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).Structural investigation manifests that the synthesized Mn2O3 nanostructures are orthorhombic crystal.Magnetic investigation indicates that the Mn2O3 nanostructures are antiferromagnetic and the antiferromagnetic transition temperature is at TN=83 K.Furthermore,the Mn2O3 nanostructures possess canted antiferromagnetic order below the Neel temperature due to spin frustration,resulting in hysteresis with large coercivity(1580 Oe) and remnant magnetization(1.52 emu/g).The UV-visible spectrophotometry was used to determine the transmittance behaviour of Mn2O3 nanostructures.A direct optical band gap of 1.2 eV was acquired by using the Davis-Mott model.The UV-visible spectrum indicates that the absorption is prominent in the visible region,and transparency is more than 80% in the UV region.     

Growth mechanism and photoluminescence of the SnO2 nanotwists on thin film and the SnO2 short nanowires on nanorods

SnO2 nanotwists on thin film and SnO2 short nanowires on nanorods have been grown on single silicon substrates by using Au-Ag alloying catalyst assisted carbothermal evaporation of SnO2 and active carbon powders.The morphology and the structure of the prepared nanostructures are determined on the basis of field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),selected area electronic diffraction(SAED),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),x-ray diffraction(XRD),Raman and photoluminescence(PL) spectra analysis.The new peaks at 356,450,and 489 nm in the measured PL spectra of two kinds of SnO2 nanostructures are observed,implying that more luminescence centres exist in these SnO2 nanostructures due to nanocrystals and defects.The growth mechanism of these nanostructures belongs to the vapour-liquid-solid(VLS) mechanism.     

Controlling the morphology and size of CuO nanostructures with synthesis by solvo/hydrothermal method without any additives

CuO nanostructures at different morphologies were synthesized in controlled manner using a simple low-temperature solvothermal technique. Controlling the pH of content the reaction mixture, nanoparticles, nanorods and nanocloud CuO structures were synthesized at temperature of 100-150 °C with excellent reproducibility. High-resolution electron microscopy revealed the well crystalline nature of all the nanostructures with preferential growth along the [0 0 2] direction for linear structures. Photoluminescence spectrum of the as-grown nanostructures revealed oxygen-vacancy-related defects in them. The average sizes of NP-CuO (nanoparticles of CuO) at different morphologies were between 40 and 100 nm. The structure, morphology and size of NP-CuO were determined by X-ray diffraction powder (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solid state Photo Luminescent (PL) and EDAX analysis.     

Structural properties of GaAs nanostructures formed by a supply of intense As4 flux in droplet epitaxy

We investigated detailed structural properties of GaAs nanostructures formed by a supply of intense As₄ flux to Ga droplets. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that whisker-like nanostructures had formed on the truncated cone-shaped bases after crystallization. Moreover, electron energy loss spectroscopy in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM-EELS) revealed that elemental Ga atoms remained inside the nanostructures while outside, some had crystallized into GaAs. These findings suggest that crystallization started at the edges of the droplets and the GaAs grew upward along the periphery of the droplets until the droplets were completely covered with crystallized GaAs.     

花状硫化铜级次纳米结构的制备及可见光催化活性研究

本实验以氯化铜 (CuCl₂·2H₂O) 和二硫化碳(CS₂)为原料, 以乙二醇(C₂H₆O₂) 为溶剂, 通过溶剂热法成功制备了具有可见光活性的花状硫化铜(CuS) 级次纳米结构. 并利用X射线粉末衍射技术(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM) 等技术对其进行了表征, 利用紫外可见吸收光谱(Uv-vis)分析了其光学性能, 并以甲基橙为目标降解物对其可见光催化活性进行了研究. 结果表明: 花状CuS级次纳米结构具有很高的可见光催化活性, 与体相CuS粉末相比有很大的提高, 在自然光照射下对甲基橙的降解率可以达到100%. 同时本文对花状级次纳米结构的形成机理进行了分析. 关键词： 硫化铜 溶剂热 级次纳米结构 光催化     

Photoluminescence and Raman analysis of novel ZnO tetrapod and multipod nanostructures

Novel ZnO tetrapod and multipod nanostructures were successfully synthesized in bulk quantity through thermal evaporation method. The morphologies and structures of the ZnO nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that the ZnO nanostructures consisted of tetrapods and multipods with tower-like legs. The ZnO nanostructures were of high purity and were well crystallized with wurtzite structure. The preferred growth direction of legs was found to be the [0 0 0 1] direction. Possible growth mechanisms were proposed for the formation of the ZnO nanostructures. Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed that the as-synthesized ZnO nanostructures had a strong green emission centered at 495 nm and a weak ultraviolet emission at 383 nm. Raman spectroscopy was also adopted to explore the structural quality of the ZnO nanostructures.     

苝四甲酸二酐有机单晶纳米结构的制备及形成机理的研究

在分子束外延(MBE)系统中, 利用物理气相沉积(PVD)的方法在阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板上制备了有机 染料分子苝四甲酸二酐(PTCDA)的不同纳米结构; 并使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)以及选区电子衍射(SAED)技术进行了系统的研究. 结果发现, 当衬底温度(T_s)为330 ℃时得到的是纳米丝、针、带以及棒; T_s为280 ℃, 230 ℃, 180 ℃时得到的主要是纳米棒, 并且纳米棒的长度随T_s的降低而变短; T_s为50 ℃时只能得到连续的PTCDA薄膜. HRTEM以及SAED结果证实了纳米针与棒为单晶. 依据SEM结果, 提出纳米结构的生成主要受T_s以及衬底表面曲率的影响.     

Simple sonochemical synthesis and characterization of HgSe nanoparticles

Mercury selenide (HgSe) nanostructures were synthesized via a sonochemical method based on the reaction between HgCl(2), SeCl(4) and hydrazine hydrate (N(2)H(4)·H(2)O) in water, in presence of various capping agents. The effects of preparation parameters such as: the kind of capping agent and its amount, ultrasonic power, reaction time and temperature were investigated. It was found that morphology, particle size and phase of the products could be greatly affected by these parameters. HgSe nanostructures were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).     

Synthesis, characterization and mechanism of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide bilayer-encapsulated gold nanosheets and nanocrystals

Single-crystal Au nanosheets and fcc gold nanocrystals of uniform size were synthesized by a novel and simple route. The results of field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated the formation of the single-crystal structure of gold nanosheets and fcc nanocrystals. Energy-dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX) showed absorbance of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) molecules onto the surface of gold nanostructures. Moreover, zeta potential measurements showed that CTAB-coated nanostructures were positively charged and the zeta potential remained almost the same upon centrifugation and redispersion of the resulting nanostructures in methanol, confirming the high stability of the surfactant-protected nanocomposites. Evolution of the nanostructures during the reaction was monitored by TEM observations. The results indicated that the formation of the gold nanostructures followed a two-step mechanism with a bilayer CTAB structure on the surface of the gold nanostructures.