Properties of the β-delayed proton decay of ~(146)Ho

The proton-rich isotope 146Ho was produced via the fusion-evaporation reaction 92Mo (58Ni, 3p1n). The β-delayed proton decay of 146Ho was studied by proton-γ coincidence measurements using a He-jet tape transport system. The γ-transitions in 145Tb following the proton emissions were observed, and the β-delayed proton branching ratios to the final states in the grand-daughter nucleus 145Tb were determined. According to the relative branching ratios, the ground-state spin of 146Ho has been proposed and the possible configuration discussed.     

β-delayed proton decay of the proton drip-line nucleus 142Ho in the rare-earth region

New β-delayed proton precursor 142Ho was produced via heavy ion induced reaction 106Cd(40Ca, p3n), and identified for the first time by using a He-jet fast tape transport system in combination with "p-γ" coincidence measurements. The β-delayed proton decay of 142Ho was observed and its half life was determined to be (0.4±0.1) s. By fitting the experimental relative branching ratios to final states in the proton daughter nucleus 141Tb and the energy spectrum of β-delayed protons with a statistical model calculation, the ground-state spin of 142Ho was assigned as 5, 6 or 7. Nuclear energy-potential-surface (EPS) calculations were performed using the Woods-Saxon Strutinsky method. The calculated results favored the assignments of 7- to 142Ho. AS the by-products, some γ-transitions in the proton daughter nuclei following the β-delayed proton decays of precursors 139Gd, 140Tb, 142Tb, and 143Dy were reported here for the first time.     

Shell-Model Calculations of β Decays in 18N

We investigate β decays of the neutron-rich nucleus ^18 N and the structure of the daughter nucleus ^18 O using the shell model. The reduced transition strengths B（GT） and branching ratios of the/3 decays in ^18 N are calculated in the psd and spsdpf shell spaces with the WBT interaction. The calculations in the two different spaces are compared. The psd calculations obtain a better agreement with the observation of the β-delayed neutron emission, which seems to show that the observed properties of ^18 N and ^18 O are mainly produced by one particle being excited from the p-shell to the sd-shell.     

An Implantation and Detection System for Spectroscopy of 22,24Si

A new decay detection system with high detection efficiency and low detection threshold has been developed for charged-particle decay studies, including -delayed proton, decay or direct proton emission from proton-rich nuclei. The detection system was tested by using the -delayed proton emitter 24Si and was commissioned in the decay study of 22Si produced by projectile fragmentation at the First Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou. Under a continuous-beam mode, the isotopes of interest were implanted into two double-sided silicon strip detectors, where the subsequent decays were measured and correlated to the preceding implantations by using position and time information. The system allows to measure protons with energies down to about 200 keV without obvious background in the proton spectrum. Further application of the detection system can be extended to the measurements of -delayed proton decay and the direct proton emission of other exotic proton-rich nuclei.     

Properties of the β-Delayed Proton Decay of 147Er

The β-delayed proton decay of 147Er is studied experimentally using the 58 Ni＋92Mo reaction at a beam energy of 383 MeV. Based on a He-jet apparatus coupled with a tape transport system, the β-delayed proton radioactivities both from the vδl/2 ground state and the vh11/2 isomer in 147 Er are identified by proton-7 coincidence measurements. By analyzing the time distribution of the 4＋ → 2＋-γ transition in the grand-daughter nucleus 146Dy, a half-life of 1.6 ± 0.2s is determined for the Vh11/2 isomer in 147 Er. The half-life for the ground state of 147Er is estimated to be 3.2±1.2 s.     

β-delayed Multi-particle Emission From 31Ar

The β+ decay of 31Ar was investigated in an experiment at the GSI-FRS spectrometer.The ions of interest have been produced in the fragmentation of a 36Ar beam at 880 MeV/nucleon and implanted in a time projection chamber with optical readout. In addition to β -delayed one and two proton emission, for the first time the emission of -delayed 3 protons has been observed. The branching ratio for this decay mode is found to be (0.07 ± 0.02)%.     

β-delayed fission of 228Ac

The basic process of an exotic decay mode namely β-delayed fission is simply introduced. The progress status of the study in the world is essentialized. The observation of β-delayed fission of ²²⁸Ac is reported. The radium was radiochemically separated from natural thorium. Thin Ra sources in which ²²⁸Ac was got through ²²⁸Ra →β^－228Ac were prepared for observing fission fragments from β-delayed fission of ²²⁸Ac. They exposed to the mica fission track detectors, and measured by an HPGe γ-ray detector. The β-delayed fission events of ²²⁸Ac were observed and its β-delayed fission probability was found to be (5±2)×10^－12.     

β-delayed neutron decay of 21N

The β-delayed neutron and γ spectra of neutron-rich nucleus ²¹N using β-γ and β-n coincidence measurements were presented in this paper. Thirteen new neutron groups ranging from 0.28 MeV to 4.98 MeV and with a total branching ratio 88.7±4.2% were observed. One γ transition among the excited states of ²¹O, and four γ transitions among the excited states of ²⁰O were identified in the β decay chain of ²¹N. The ungated half-life of 83.8±2.1 ms was also determined for ²¹N.     

Multi-quasiparticle excitations in ~(145)Tb

Nuclei with N and Z near magic number can be well described by the nuclear shell model. The 145Tb nucleus has a valence proton and a pair of neutron holes with respect to the doubly closed 146Gd nucleus. Therefore, it is expected that the excitations in 145Tb be dominated by single-particle configurations. A detailed measurement of the excitation scheme in 145Tb would give us an opportunity to examine the behavior of multi-particle excitations involving high angular momentum orbits and provi…     

β-decay studies of the neutron-rich ~(18,21)N isotopes

The β-decay studies of neutron-rich 18,21N isotopes have been performed using β-n, β-γ, and β-n-γ coincidence methods. The 18,21N ions were produced by the fragmentation of the 22Ne and 26Mg beams, respectively, on a thick beryllium target. The time of flight of the emitted neutrons following the β-decay of 18,21N was measured by a neutron detector system with wide energy detection range and low-energy detection threshold. In addition, several clover germanium detectors were used to detect the β-delayed γ-r...     

The β Decay of 21N

The β-delayed neutron and γ energy spectra taken from the decay of neutron-rich nucleus ²¹N were measured by using the β-γ and β-n coincidence detection method. Thirteen new neutron groups ranging from 0.28MeV to 4.98MeV and with a total branching ratio of 88.7±4.2% were observed andpresented. One γ transition with an energy of 1222keV emitted from the excited state of ²¹O, and four γ transitions with energies of 1674, 2397, 2780, and 3175keV emitted from the excited states of ²⁰O were identified in the β decay chain of ²¹N. The β decay half-life for ²¹N is determined to be 82.9±1.9ms. The uncertainty of half-life is much smaller than the previous result.     

Cabibbo-Suppressed Non-leptonic Decays of ∧c and Final State Interaction

With the diquark structure of ∧c, we investigate the branching ratio of ∧c→nπ^ and pπ^0. The results show that without considering the finM state interaction (FSI), the branching ratio of ∧c→pπ^0 is only of order 10^-6 whereas this ratio could reach 10^-4 and is at the same order as ∧c→nπ^ if taking into account the FSI effects. Concrete values depend on phenomenologicM parameters adopted in the calculations. These branching ratios can be measured in the experiments to come.     

Shell model calculations for the allowed Gamow-Teller β-decays of light nuclei

The allowed Gamow-Teller β-decay information of Li,Be,B,C,and N isotopes under the frame work of nuclear shell model is calculated herein.Theoretical results of Q values,half-lives,excitation energies,log ft values,branching fractions,and β-delayed proton/neutron emission probabilities are tabulated and compared with experimental data.The deviations from the observations are also analyzed.The 11Be nucleus is well known for its anomaly ground state Jπ=1/2+.Thus,we compared the theoretical energy levels with the experimental data and the agreements for low excitation states are consistent.The quenching factor is also evaluated and discussed.     

Observation of a Possible New Isomer in 175Ir

The neutron deficient nuclide 175Ir was produced by irradiation of 146Nd with 210 MeV 35Cl via a fusion-evaporation reaction channel. The reaction products were transported to a low-background location using a helium-jet recoil fast-moving tape-transport system for measurement. The experimental devices and data analysis method are introduced. Based on the decay-curve fitting of the β-delayed γ ray from 175Ir, realized by the least-square method, a new long-lived isomeric state of 175Ir is proposed and briefly discussed.     

Experimental study on scintillation efficiency of ZnO:In to proton response

Film ZnO:In crystal is a good candidate for a scintillation recoil proton neutron detection system and the response of ZnO:In to protons is a crucial point. The energy response of ZnO:In to mono-energetic protons in the range of 10 keV-8 MeV was measured. The experiment was carried out in current mode, and Au foil scattering was employed, where the forward scattering protons were used for exciting the sample, and the backward scattering protons were used for monitoring the beam intensity. According to the result, the yield of light non-linearly depends on proton energy, and drops significantly when proton energy is low. The scintillation efficiency as a function of proton energy was obtained, which is very useful for researching the scintillation recoil proton neutron detection system.     

Branching Ratios of α Decay for Nuclei near Deformed Shell Closures

The generalized liquid drop model （GLDM） is extended to the region around deformed shell closure ^270Hs by taking into account the excitation energy EI＋ of the residual daughter nucleus and the centrifugal potential energy Vcen（r）. The branching ratios of a decays from the ground state of a parent nucleus to the ground state 0^＋ of its deformed daughter nucleus and to the first excited state 2^＋ are calculated in the framework of the GLDM. The results support the proposal that a measurement of a spectroscopy is a feasible method to extract information on nuclear deformation of superheavy nuclei around the deformed nucleus ^270Hs.     

What do we learn from the ρ-π puzzle

The experimental observation indicates that the branching ratio of ψ＇→ρπ is very small while the ρ-π channel is a main one in J/ψ decays. To understand the puzzle, various interpretations have been proposed. Meanwhile according to the hadronic helicity selection rule, this decay mode should be suppressed. Numerical calculations are needed to determine how it is suppressed. We calculate the branching ratios of J/ψ→ρπ and ππ in the framework of QCD. The results show that the branching ratios are proportional to （mu＋md/MJ/ψ）^2 for the ρπ mode and （mu-md/MJ/ψ）^2 for the ππ mode which is isospin violated. The theoretical prediction of the ratio of J/ ψ→ρπ is smaller than data, but not too small to invoke a completely new mechanism. Thus the puzzle is still standing even though we learn much knowledge towards the puzzle and this will help to finally interpret the puzzle and then gain a deeper insight to the heavy quarkonia.     

Alpha-decay branching ratios to high-lying excited-states of the ^242Cm → ^238Pu → ^234U → ^230Th → ^226Rn decay chain

We present a systematic calculation on the α-decay branching ratios to excited-states of an even-even α-decay chain ^242Cm → ^238Pu → ^234U → ^230Th → ^226Rn by the improved barrier penetration approach. The changes of the parities between the parent nuclei and the daughter nuclei are properly taken into account. The theoretical values are compared with the available experimental data and the deviation between them is within a factor of 5 in most cases.     

Production and Identification of New Isotope ^265Bh（Z=107）

New Isotope ^265Bh was produced in bombardment of a ^243Am target with 168 MeV 26Mg ions. The experiment was carried out at the Sector Focus Cyclotron of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou in 2003. The reaction products were transported and collected by using helium-jet technique and a set of rotating wheel system. Identification was made by observation of correlated a-particles between the new isotope ^265Bh and its ^261Db and ^257Lr daughter nuclei. A parent-daughter searching mode was used to facilitate detection of α-α correlations. A total of four pairs of PIPS detector (200mm^2 active area) were used to measure the kinetic energy of a particles. The a particle energy resolution was about 40 keV for the top detectors and 100 keV for the bottom detectors because of energy degradation in the polypropylene foil.     

Beta Decay of Neutron—Rich Nucleus ^208Hg

The β- decaying γ scheme of the neutron-rich nuclide 208Hg has been determined for the first time.The 208 Hg was produced in multi-nucleon transfer reaction taking place in the bombardment of 18O-beam on natural lead target,and the Hg-element products were sepaated with a gas-thermochromatography technique.The γ-ray single and γ-γ coincident spectra were measured.A partial 208 Hg γ scheme was proposed.Twenty-six γ rays were assigned to follow the β- decay of 208Hg.At the same time,a new level structure of the daughter nucleus 208 T1 was constructed,in which three new levels at 1.725MeV.1.652MeV,and 1.362MeV were affirmed.The experimental 208Tl level structure was compared with a shell-model calculation.