原子吸收法测定饮料中总酸度

本文研究了用原子吸收法间接测定饮料中总酸度的方法。用ＭｇｎＨ４ＰＯ４悬浮液同有机酸作用，离心沉降未反应的试剂，用ＡＡＳ测定上清液中的Ｍｇ，可间接测定有机酸的总量，用本法测定了饮料样品中的总酸度。测定结果相对偏差小于５．３％，加经在９１－１０４％之间。本法测定结果与酸碱滴定法的结合符合。     

浊度计快速测定苯乙烯单体中聚合物的研究

建立了用浊度计快速测定苯乙烯单体中聚合物的方法，样品用甲醇溶解后，以样品／正己烷溶液为空白，通过测定其浊度，确定聚合物的含量。消除了GB／T 12688．3-1990用光度法测定聚合物过程中空白基体的影响。在0-50mg／kg范围内线性关系良好，相关系数r=0．9991，检出限达到0．01mg／kg，方法简便、快速，完全能达到实际检测要求。     

海洋沉积物中汞的分析方法研究

本文介绍了冷原子荧光法测定海洋沉积物中汞的分析方法。试样用王水(1 1)在沸水浴上分解，氯化亚锡还原，冷原子荧光法测定。本法大大降低了共存元素对汞的测定干扰，不需加高锰酸钾及草酸，使操作更加简单、快速，方法精密度好、准确度高。经对海洋沉积物国家一级标准物质GBW 07314、GBW 07315、GBW 07316进行测定，其结果准确可靠。并对GBW 07315进行了12次测定，相对标准偏差为2．21％。不同实验室用本法测定海底沉积物样品中Hg，均获得了满意的结果。     

氢化物发生-无色散原子荧光光谱法测定高纯阴极铜中砷、锑、铋、硒和碲

研究了在氨性溶液中，以镧盐为载体，共沉淀富集高纯阴极铜中杂质As、Sb、Bi、Se、Te,使之与基本铜分离，用氢化物原子荧光光谱法测定。考察了测定的最佳条件、共存元素对测定的影响及方法的准确度和精密度。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定茶叶中的铅

用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了茶叶中铅含量，在一定的条件下，茶叶样品的铅可不经MIBK萃取分离而直接用火焰原子吸收光谱法进行测定，测定结果令人满意。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定氧化钐中非稀土杂质铜、铁、钙和镍

本文提出了用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法直接测定高纯氧化钐中痕量杂质铜、铁、钙和镍的方法。用正交实验法研究了影响测定的主要因素，选择了铜、铁、钙和镍同时测定的折衷条件。讨论了基体浓度的影响。     

微波溶样FAAS法测定头发中锌、铜、

本文用微波溶样技术，对头发样品进行消解处理，用ＦＡＡＳ法测定头发中锌、铜、铁。实验结果表明，用微波溶样消解头发具有省时、节约试剂、消解完全等优点。用本法测定头发中锌、铜、铁，获得满意的方法精密度、准确度。     

"测定电源电动势和内阻"各种方法比较及实验改进

用电流表和电压表测定电源电动势和内阻的这种类型实验，是高考实验复习中一项很重要的内容．测定的基本方法是利用闭合电路欧姆定律，该实验的误差分析对学生来说有一定难度．本文将分别介绍用公式法、图像法、等效法来测定电源的电动势和内阻，以及用电位差法对实验进行改进，来降低实验的难度．     

ICP-AES法测定胎儿小脑组织中生物必需常量元素K、Na、Mg、P的研究

研究了用微波消解处理样品，ICP－AES法直接测定胎儿小脑组织中生物必需常量元素K、Na、Mg、P的新方法，该方法简便，快速，准确，准确，对实际样品测定，结果令人满意。     

微波溶样FAAS法测定头发中锌、铜、铁

本文用微波溶样技术，对头发样品进行消解处理，遥FAAS法测定头发中锌、铜、铁。实验结果表明，用微波溶样消解头发具有省时、节约试剂、消解完全等优点。用本法测定头发中锌、铜、铁，获得满意的方法精密度、准确度。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.