辐射接枝法制备膨化聚四氟乙烯杂化膜及其抗菌性表征

通过共辐射接枝的方法,将聚丙烯酸成功接枝到膨化聚四氟乙烯薄膜上. 采用NaBH₄还原吸附在接枝链上的银离子,在膜中原位负载银纳米粒子,制备了抗菌性ePTFE杂化膜. 杂化膜的SEM、XPS、XRD和TGA表征结果表明,负载的银纳米粒子粒径为几十纳米至100 nm. 而银纳米粒子的负载量可由聚丙烯酸的接枝率控制. 细菌平板计数法测试结果证明,所制备的杂化膜具有优异的抗菌性,对大肠杆菌的抗菌率高达100%.     

Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Property of Zn Loaded TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Electrode

采用计时电流法制备了负载Zn纳米粒子的TiO₂纳米管阵列电极．通过阳极氧化法制备TiO₂纳米管阵列电极,然后通过控制计时电流沉积时间来控制负载在TiO₂纳米管上Zn纳米颗粒的沉积量和 沉积尺寸．SEM和XRD分析结果显示,沉积时间为3～5 s时,负载在TiO₂纳米管上的Zn粒子的直径为15～25 nm．UV漫反射光谱发现负载Zn的TiO₂纳米管阵列电极比没有负载的样品吸收487～780 nm的光更强;在高压汞灯照射下,前者比后者的光电流响应提高了50%．     

金纳米粒子和钼氧化物复合膜修饰电极的制备及应用 (cited: 1)

利用循环伏安法将金纳米粒子和钼氧化物共同电沉积在玻碳电极表面,制备了金纳米粒子和钼氧化物复合膜修饰电极,利用SEM和XPS研究了MoO_x/AuNPs复合膜的表面形态,并研究其修饰电极对葡萄糖的电催化氧化过程. 首次提出了阳极扫描极化反向催化伏安法,即在反向扫描过程中纯的催化氧化电流通过扣减背景电流的方法被提取出来. 显著提高电流测量灵敏度改善了信噪比. 制备的MoO_x/AuNPs复合膜修饰电极在0.01～4.0 mmol/L对葡萄糖具有线性响应,电流灵敏度为2.35 mA·L/(mmol·cm²),检测限为9.01 μmol/L(信噪比为3).     

5(6)羧基荧光素敏化TiO2纳米粒子的光致电子转移的荧光特性研究

通过水解TiCl₄制备了锐钛矿结构TiO₂纳米粒子, 并用时间分辨荧光光谱研究了5(6)CFL(5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein, 简称5(6)CFL)染料敏化TiO₂纳米粒子体系的光致电子转移动力学. 5(6)CFL染料敏化TiO₂纳米粒子能形成电荷转移复合物, 这归因于染料分子的激发电子态波函数Ψ(D^*)与电荷分离态波函数Ψ(D⁺ +e^-)之间的耦合作用. 当激发5(6)CFL染料敏化TiO₂纳米粒子体系时, 电子以两种不同方式注入TiO₂纳米粒子导带: 第一, 通过5(6)CFL染料分子的激发态注入; 第二, 从电荷转移复合物(5(6)CFL/TiO₂)直接注入. 时间分辨荧光光谱表明, 在水溶液中纯5(6)CFL染料的荧光以寿命为τ₁=41 ps (74.4%) 和τ₂=3.22 ns (25.6%) 的双e指数衰减, 而5(6)CFL染料敏化TiO₂纳米粒子体系的荧光分别以时间常数为τ₁=44 ps (90.4%), τ₂=478 ps (8.6%) 和τ₃=2.41 ns (1.0%) 的三e指数衰减. 本文的研究工作能够为染料敏化太阳能电池的光致电子转移机理提供有价值的参考.     

离子注入金红石单晶生成的金属Ni纳米晶的磁学性能研究

 研究了能量为64keV、注量1×10¹⁷cm^-2的Ni离子注入金红石TiO₂单晶制备的植入金属纳米晶的微观结构和磁学性能。注入层的结构和磁学性能采用透射电子显微分析（TEM）和超导量子干涉磁强计（SQUID）进行分析。结果表明，金红石单晶中有尺寸为3～18nm的金属Ni纳米晶生成，注入区域基体明显非晶化。10K温度下金属Ni纳米晶的矫顽力约为16.8kA·m^-1，比Ni块材的矫顽力大。样品的零场冷却/有场冷却（ZFC/FC）曲线表明，金属Ni纳米晶的截止温度约为85K。     

尺寸和微结构效应对软锰矿红外光谱的影响

合成了纳米纤维状的软锰矿β-MnO₂,其研磨后粒子形貌由纳米纤维转变为纳米粒子,相结构并没有转变．纳米纤维状粒子中心锰离子局域环境有轻微改变．当粒子形貌从长纳米纤维变到短纳米纤维再到纳米粒子时,傅里叶转换红外光谱A_2u频率逐渐从514 cm^-1到574 cm^-1再到617 cm^-1．研究发现依据功能团分析无法确定额外的振动波段来源于不同尺寸和形状粒子的A_2u．通过X射线衍射的Rietveld精修和红外光谱,认为两种MnO₆的八面体构型,如4长+2短,4短+2长,在由不同路线合成的软锰矿中都会存在．微结构对软锰矿傅里叶转换红外光谱最大振动频率的影响是显著的．在红外和远红外区域的四个振动波段都做了分类.     

二氧化钛修饰的微结构聚合物光纤预制棒制备及其在光催化中应用的探索研究

首次用二氧化钛(TiO₂)纳米材料修饰的547孔微结构聚合物光纤(MPOF)二次预制棒作为阵列化微管式光催化反应器对亚甲基兰的光催化分解进行研究.将高光催化活性的P25型二氧化钛纳米粒子均匀分散在TiO₂溶胶中,对547孔微结构聚合物光纤孔洞内壁进行铺膜,得到了负载光催化剂的阵列化微管材料.该TiO₂MPOF有序复合的阵列化微管不仅对二氧化钛纳米粒子起到负载作用,还可以作为光波导介质(rolling-up薄膜波导,聚光、导光进入二氧化钛薄膜层)、污染物反应流体通道.以有机染料亚甲基兰为模拟污染物,研究了TiO₂负载量、亚甲基兰的初始浓度及溶液pH值等因素对光降解效果的影响.该反应器547个孔道的内表面用于负载光催化剂,不仅增加了固-液接触面积,也提高了光的吸收效率,从而提高了光催化效率.迄今为止,这种兼具导光、聚光、传质、负载功能于一体的光催化反应器还未见报道.     

多层纳米硅复合膜的共振光学非线性

本文采用简并四波混频技术在室温下研究晶化a-Si:H/a-SiN_x:H多层纳米硅复合膜三阶非线性光学性质,首次观察到这种多层膜的相位共轭信号,在共振光波波长λ=589nm处实验所用样品的三阶非线性极化率为χ⁽³⁾=1.4×10^-6esu,分析表明其非线性光学响应增强的原因是纳米硅的强量子限域作用.     

2D SnP3: 具有高载流子迁移率和光吸收率的范德瓦尔斯晶体

本文基于第一性原理计算,预测了二维SnP₃层作为新型半导体材料,具有0.71 eV(单层)和1.03 eV(双层)的间接带隙,这与体结构的金属特性不同. 值得注意的是,2D SnP₃具有9.171×10⁴ cm²?V^-1?s^-1的高空穴迁移率和对于整个可见光谱的高光吸收(∽10⁶ cm^-1),这预示2D SnP₃层有望成为纳米电子学和光电子学的候选材料. 有趣的是,本文发现2D SnP₃双层具有与硅类似的电子和光学特性. 考虑到硅基微电子和光伏技术的巨大成功,本文的研究结果将有助于纳米领域的相关研究.     

双金属/TiO2纳米管复合结构中增强的光电流

将传统半导体材料与金属微纳结构相结合,利用其表面等离激元共振效应,可有效地增强复合结构的光电转换效率,使其广泛地被用于光电化学和光电探测等领域.本文以氧化铝纳米管为模板,采用原子层沉积技术制备出高有序的TiO2纳米管,并通过电子束热蒸发技术在大孔径的纳米管薄膜中分别负载金、铝和双金属金/铝纳米颗粒,形成金属纳米颗粒/TiO2纳米管复合结构.研究结果表明,相对于纯TiO2纳米管,Au/TiO2复合纳米管在568 nm的可见光照射下,其光电流密度约有400%的提高;在365 nm紫外光照射下,Al/TiO2复合纳米管的光电流提高约50%;同时负载双金属Au和Al纳米颗粒的TiO2纳米管在整个紫外-可见光区域光电流均显著增强.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.