掺杂对多层Ge/Si(001)量子点光致发光的影响

利用超高真空化学气相沉积设备, 在Si (001) 衬底上外延生长了多个四层Ge/Si量子点样品. 通过原位掺杂的方法, 对不同样品中的Ge/Si量子点分别进行了未掺杂、磷掺杂和硼掺杂. 相比未掺杂的样品, 磷掺杂不影响Ge/Si量子点的表面形貌, 但可以有效增强其室温光致发光; 而硼掺杂会增强Ge/Si量子点的合并, 降低小尺寸Ge/Si量子点的密度, 但其光致发光会减弱. 磷掺杂增强Ge/Si量子点光致发光的原因是, 磷掺杂为Ge/Si量子点提供了更多参与辐射复合的电子. 关键词： Ge/Si量子点 磷掺杂 光致发光     

离子束溅射自组装Ge/Si量子点生长的演变

采用离子束溅射技术,通过改变Ge的沉积量,在n型Si(100)衬底上自组装生长了一系列Ge量子点样品. 利用AFM和Raman光谱对样品表面形貌和结构进行表征,系统地研究了Ge量子点形貌、密度、尺寸大小以及Ge的结晶性和量子点中组分等随Ge沉积量的演变规律. 结果表明:Ge层从二维薄层向三维岛过渡过程中,没有观察到传统的由金字塔形向圆顶形量子点过渡,而是直接呈圆顶形生长;且随着Ge沉积量的增加,量子点密度先增大后减小,Ge的结晶性增强同时Ge/Si互混加剧,量子点中Si的组分增加. 关键词： 离子束溅射 量子点 表面形貌 Raman光谱     

Si基Ge异质结构发光器件的研究进展

近年来,与Si的CMOS工艺相兼容的Ge/Si异质结构发光器件取得很多重要的进展。本文概述了Si基Ge异质结构发光器件的最新成果,如Ge/Si量子点发光二极管、Si衬底上的Ge发光二极管及激光器和Ge/SiGe多量子阱发光二极管,分别描述了这些器件的特点和增强其发光特性的途径。最后展望了Si基Ge异质结构发光器件的发展趋势,指出尽管Si基Ge异质结构发光器件获得了很大的发展,但是器件的发光效率仍然很低,离实用还有一定距离,还需要在材料和器件的结构方面有更多的创新。     

半导体量子点形成临界尺寸的定量预测

半导体量子点是一类具有显著量子效应的零维量子结构,自组的模型系统,表现为Stranski-Krastanov型生长.其特征为,当超过3-4个Ge单原子层（浸润层）时,则由二维层状生长转变为三维岛状生长.Ge/Si量子点是初期形成的与衬底共格无位错的三维岛,岛表面由{105}晶面组成.文章作者利用第一性原理计算和介观理论模拟相结合的连续式多尺度（sequential multi-scale）方法,第一次对纯Ge和GeSi合金量子点在Si（001）表面的成核临界尺寸进行了定量的理论预测,同时研究了岛边缘的应力不连续对量子点稳定性的影响,实现了对Ge/Si量子点的形成和稳定性定量的理论研究。     

Si纳米量子点的LPCVD自组织化形成及其生长机理研究

采用低压化学汽相沉积(LPCVD)方法，依靠纯SiH₄气体分子的表面热分解反应， 在由Si—O—Si键和由Si—OH键终端的两种SiO₂表面上，自组织生长了Si纳米量子点. 实 验研究了所形成的Si纳米量子点密度随SiO₂表面的反应活性位置数、沉积温度以及反应气 压的变化关系. 依据LPCVD的表面热力学过程，定性地分析了Si纳米量子点的形成机理.研究结果对具有密度分布均匀和晶粒尺寸可控的Si纳米量子点的自组织生长，以及Si基新型量子电子器 关键词： Si纳米量子点 LPCVD 自组织化形成 生长机理     

埋置量子点应力分布的有限元分析

通过衬底材料和外延材料的交替生长方式制备出多层排列的自组装量子点超晶格结构.这些埋置量子点的应力/应变场影响着它们的光电性能、压电性能以及力学稳定性.基于各向异性弹性理论的有限元方法,研究了埋置金字塔形应变自组织Ge/Si半导体量子点的应力/应变分布以及流体静应变和双轴应变分布,并与非埋置量子点的应力/应变分布做了比较,指出了它们之间的异同以及覆盖层对量子点应力/应变分布的影响. 关键词： 量子点 应力分布 应变分布     

Si(111)-(7×7)表面上Ge量子点的自组织生长

用扫描隧道显微镜研究了Si(111)(7×7)表面上Ge量子点的自组织生长.室温下用固相外延法在硅基底上沉积亚单层的Ge,然后在适当的温度下退火可以聚集形成有序的Ge量子点.由于Ge在Si(111)(7×7)表面选择性的吸附而形成有序的Ge量子点. 关键词： 锗 硅 扫描隧道显微镜 自组织生长     

Au诱导形成有序Si纳米孔阵列及其应用

以自组装聚苯乙烯小球(PS)单层膜为掩膜,利用Au对Si表面的催化氧化作用以及KOH溶液对单晶Si的各向异性腐蚀特性,在Si(100)面上制备了一系列尺寸小于100 nm有序可控的Si纳米孔阵列.扫描电镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)等的测试结果显示:当PS小球溶液与甲醇溶液的体积比为9:11时,可形成大面积无缺陷的单层膜;但当体积比过大时,会导致类似双层膜结构的形成;而当体积比过小时,会诱导形成点缺陷和线缺陷.对PS小球及溅射Au处理过的Si晶片进行KOH溶液腐蚀,随着腐蚀时间变长,纳米孔的横向尺寸和深度增大,其形貌由圆形逐渐变为倒金字塔型,当腐蚀时间超过10 min,纳米孔阵列的有序性遭到破坏.采用离子束溅射技术在倒金字塔型纳米孔衬底上获得了有序Ge/Si纳米岛,而在圆形纳米孔衬底上获得了有序Ge/Si纳米环.进一步对有序Ge/Si纳米岛及纳米环的形成机理进行了解释.     

Si(001)表面稀土金属硅化物纳米结构

稀土金属元素的硅化物在n型硅衬底上具有高电导率和低肖特基势垒的特点，在大规模集成的微电子器件领域具有很好的应用价值．文章系统介绍了在Si（001）表面自组装生长的稀土金属硅化物纳米结构的研究进展，较全面地讨论了退火温度、退火时间以及稀土金属表面覆盖度等生长条件对纳米结构生长的影响作用，并在此基础上分析了纳米线、纳米岛的晶化结构，衬底对纳米结构生长的影响，以及纳米结构的演化过程．搞清楚这些内在的生长机理，有助于人们今后实现可严格控制稀土金属硅化物纳米结构的形貌尺寸和分布的自组装生长．此外，文章还介绍了目前人们对稀土金属硅化物纳米线电学性质的研究进展．     

同步辐射X射线掠入射衍射实验技术及应用

利用北京同步辐射装置漫散射实验站的五圆衍射仪,建立了掠入射X射线衍射实验方法.对Si表面生长的Ge/Si量子点及其在Si表层产生的应变进行了成功测量,表明此方法可以有效地提取表面层的微弱信号.实验结果表明,Ge/Si量子点的形成除了在Si衬底表层形成了晶格具有横向膨胀应变的区域之外,还在Si衬底中形成了具有横向压缩应变的区域.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.