硬脂酸钠薄膜的制备及应用

 利用真空热蒸发的方法制备了厚度为0.28~0.40 μm的硬脂酸钠薄膜，并用光学显微镜和傅里叶红外光谱仪对硬脂酸钠薄膜进行了观察和分析,发现硬脂酸钠薄膜的红外光谱和固体的光谱具有相似性。在空气环境中硬脂酸钠薄膜不易潮解，在选择的无水脱膜溶液中，容易脱出无明显针孔的自支撑Al膜。用俄歇电子能谱测试，未发现脱出的Al膜上有残留的硬脂酸钠脱膜剂。     

硬脂酸亚甲基面内摇摆振动二维红外光谱研究

在293~393K温度范围内,分别采用一维红外光谱、二阶导数红外光谱和二维红外光谱测定硬脂酸亚甲基面内摇摆振动(ρCH2)。实验发现:在700~750cm-1范围内,硬脂酸ρCHα存在"第一特征谱带"和未见文献报道的"第二特征谱带"。并进一步研究了温度对于硬脂酸ρCH2红外吸收强度及变化顺序的影响。     

硬脂酸与戊胺的微波反应

本文利用红外光谱对硬脂酸和戊胺的微波反应进行了研究。结果表明：硬脂酸与戊胺等摩尔充分混合后,生成硬脂酸戊铵盐,体系中残存的少量硬脂酸与其戊铵盐形成酸盐结构。在微波辐射下,硬脂酸戊铵盐有明显的分解反应,并可进一步脱水生成酰胺。微波作用于反应物,能使化学反应更快速地进行或向更深处进行,微波反应可调节产物的结构。     

红外吸收峰的强度与反常吸收现象

红外光谱测量有时需要在强的背景信号下得到弱的样品吸收峰,如在大量溶剂中测量溶质的红外光谱.理论上,只要某一组分在背景样品和待测样品的含量(分子个数)完全一致,则该组分的光谱信号就不会出现在最终的红外光谱图上.而实际测量时结果并非总如此.本文在测量聚苯乙烯及硬脂酸的“基线”时发现,在样品吸收较强的峰位(吸光度A＞1.0)...     

红外探测器光谱响应度测试技术研究

光谱响应度是探测器的重要技术参数之一，随着红外探测技术的发展，精确测量红外探测器的光谱响应度变得越来越重要。首先对红外探测器光谱响应度的测试技术进行分析，然后建立红外探测器相对光谱响应度测量装置，并用腔体热释电探测器在该装置上进行红外探测器光谱响应度校准实验。通过对红外探测器相对光谱响应度进行重复测量，给出测量结果的平均值，最后对影响测量结果的不确定度进行分析。由于该装置的测量范围是1～20μm，因此还可以实现InSb探测器和HgCdTe探测器相对光谱响应度的测量。不确定度分析结果表明，InGaAs探测器光谱响应度的测量精度较高。     

CIR技术红外光谱法应用研究

本文描述了通过使用CIR装置技术，实现了水溶液红外光谱分析。由三氮唑核苷、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠等水溶液进行红外光谱分析研究，得到各自水溶液直接测定的红外光谱，并进行了定量分析研究，效果良好，说明了CIR技术具有较好的实用价值。     

光声光谱在纤维样品分析中的应用

本文通过不同状态纤维样品的红外光声光谱的比较以及同一样品的红外光声光谱与红外光谱的比较表明：红外光声光谱用于纤维样品的分析，与红外光谱相比具有简单快速，分辨率好，信噪比高等优点，是研究纤维样品很好的分析手段。     

红外光谱在微藻领域的应用研究进展

微藻富含类胡萝卜素、维生素、蛋白质、多不饱和脂肪酸等多种人体和动物所必需的营养成分，同时在水生态系统的维持和保护中也扮演着重要的角色，因此开展微藻生物学的研究具有十分重要的实际应用价值。传统的微藻成分的检测分析需要经过微藻细胞研磨破碎、有机溶剂分离提取、液(气)相检测等一系列的繁琐的操作步骤，有费时、需要高昂的仪器设备、操作过程复杂等缺点，因此需要发展更加快速高效的微藻细胞组分检测分析技术。红外光谱作为一种高效的物质检测和分析手段可以实现对微藻样品中的蛋白、脂类、核酸、多糖、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素等多种成分同时分析，具有简单、快速和无损检测等优势，特别是结合显微镜技术的红外光谱成像可以在微空间尺度上研究单一细胞或组织中各组分的变化。近年来，尤其是随着同步辐射技术的迅速发展，为红外光谱仪器提供质量更好、能量更高的同步辐射光源，使得红外光谱显微光谱及成像检测技术具有更高的灵敏度和空间分辨率，实现了能够在细胞和亚细胞尺度上对个体进行高空间分辨的原位观测，这在一定程度上解决了许多常规的检测分析技术不能同时兼顾高通量测量和高空间分辨率观察之间的矛盾。首先介绍了红外光谱技术的原理及其特点并分析了显微红外光谱及成像技术在生物样品检测中的独特优势，特别介绍红外光谱结合化学计量学的分析方法在生物学研究领域的应用。接下来综述了此项技术在分类鉴定、生长代谢监测、育种、水环境、食品医药等与微藻相关领域国内外的应用研究进展。比如，结合化学计量学方法红外光谱能够进行微藻的快速鉴定、判别和分类。利用红外光谱多组分快速检测的优势，可以实现微藻生长代谢的研究。基于红外光谱无损、高效检测的特点，可以实现油脂、β-胡萝卜素、虾青素等高产藻株的快速筛选。另外，微藻还可以有效地吸附废水中的重金属和有机活性染料，利用红外光谱可以对其吸附和降解环境污染物的机理进行研究。红外光谱还能够快速高效地实现微藻成分的分析和鉴定，因而可以用于微藻食品药品质量的检测和真伪的鉴定。然而，红外光谱在微藻的研究和应用方面还处于发展阶段，尚存在着一定的缺点和不足，对此进行了讨论和分析并提供了相应的解决方案。最后，对红外光谱在微藻的规模化养殖、高产藻株的筛选、微藻的生理、细胞器的结构和功能的研究等领域进行了展望。     

PSⅡ中蛋白二级结构中β聚合效应的红外光谱研究

利用Fourier变换红外光谱（FTIR）方法研究了光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）膜颗粒中蛋白二级结构在高温条件下的β聚合效应。具有生物活性和高温蛋白的β聚合样品的红外光谱测量温度均是室温，它们的酰胺Ⅰ吸收带被用来对两种样品的特性进行定量的分析。光谱的分析方法采用了直接Lorentz线型拟合，光谱结果表明光系统Ⅱ二级结构在400℃下发生热变性后，其红外光谱将发生很强的不可逆的变化。但其红外光谱与活性PSⅡ蛋白一样仍可用3个Lorentz线型拟合，显示了FTIR红外光谱方法在研究蛋白热变性方面的优越性。     

等高线图分析技术在GC／FTIR联用数据处理中的应用

在三种高聚物的裂解大口径毛细管气相色谱－傅里叶变换红外光谱联用分析（ＰｙＷＢＣＧＣ／ＦＴＩＲ）数据获得的基础上，介绍应用等高线图（ＣＴＤ）分析技术处理色谱重叠峰，并在该分析提供的信息指导下进行红外光谱累加及差减技术，获得了重叠峰中各纯物质较好信噪比的气相红外谱图并予以定性，显著了等高线图分析技术在联用数据中的优点，充分发挥了ＧＣ／ＦＴＩＲ联用特有的光谱分离离度优势。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.