改善光纤倒像器的对比度传递特性

光纤倒像器是一种特殊类型的光纤板，可将传递图像直接倒转180°并应用于像增强器。由于光纤倒像器的特殊结构，造成光纤随着距扭转轴心的距离增加，数值孔径和光通量逐渐下降。相对于光纤板，光纤倒像器在透过率和对比度传递特性上均有一定程度的下降。通过改进玻璃系统，在一定程度上降低芯皮玻璃间离子扩散和相互渗透的程度，可提高光纤倒像器的实际数值孔径；通过调节EMA吸收量，既能满足像增强器对光纤倒像器荧光屏透过率的要求，又能保证最大程度地吸收光纤中逸出的杂散光，提高对比度。选择合理的芯皮比，不仅可弥补因扭转拉伸造成的皮层厚度减薄，还可进一步增加皮层厚度，抑制光从光纤中逸出。通过以上改进，可改善光纤倒像器的对比度传递特性。     

液晶盒视角对比度曲线的实验测量

设计了一种测量液晶盒视角的实验装置,通过固定的水平角度和竖直角度扭曲向列相液晶盒光透过率的测量,得到了视角-对比度曲线。不同的水平和竖直视角,其对比度也是不同的。无论竖直视角的大小,水平视角为0°时对比度最大;当对比度大于某一数值（例如50）时,随着竖直视角从20°增加到20°,水平视角的范围先增大后减小。     

激光光斑形状和尺寸对扫描显示中散斑对比度的影响

计算了圆形、矩形激光光斑对于激光扫描显示系统中散斑对比度的影响.对于圆形光斑,当光斑尺寸大于散射表面相关长度时,得到的散斑对比度随着光斑尺寸变小而下降;当光斑尺寸接近表面相关长度大小时,由于光斑中包含的散射颗粒变少,得到的是非高斯散斑,散斑的对比度反而会变大;随着激光斑进一步变小,由于镜面反射效果散斑的对比度会很快下降.对圆形光斑部分结果给出了实验验证.为了保证光斑中有足够的散射颗粒,只在一个方向压窄光斑,分别计算了平行于扫描方向和垂直于扫描方向压窄光斑得到的散斑对比度.平行于扫描方向压窄光斑,散斑的时间相关性会下降,平均效果变明显,散斑的对比度变小;垂直于扫描方向压窄,散斑对比度变化不大.     

提高散射板干涉仪条纹对比度的两个新方法

散射板干涉仪是一种共光路形式的干涉仪,它不需配备精密的辅助光学系统,具有较强的抗干扰能力和条纹判读的直观性,是进行大孔径长焦距凹面镜及凹非球面面形检测的理想工具,但由于干涉条纹的对比度,尤其是边缘条纹的对比度较低,使该仪器的应用受到了一定的限制,本文针对这一问题,介绍了改善条纹对比度的两种新方法,并通过实验证明它的有效性和实用性。     

局部对比度结合区域显著性红外弱小目标检测

为了解决局部对比度方法的计算效率低,以及在某些红外场景中易出现虚警的问题,将其与图像区域显著性相结合,提出一种改进的局部对比度算法——区域局部对比度算法,仅在图像的显著性区域中进行局部对比度计算,而非遍历整幅图像。首先进行基于图像信息熵和局部相似性的红外图像区域显著性度量,经二值化得到单帧图像显著性区域;接下来在该区域中进行局部对比度数值计算,得到区域局部对比度图像,最后经过自适应阈值分割,得到弱小目标检测结果。实验结果表明,区域局部对比度算法可以极大提高红外弱小目标的信噪比,检测结果准确,虚警率低,与原始的局部对比度算法相比,检测效率有明显提升,可以更好地保持弱小目标的形状。     

铋光栅X射线相衬成像条纹对比度的定量计算

吸收光栅是X射线相衬成像系统的关键器件,铋吸收光栅由于其制作成本低廉且适于在普通实验室开展制作而受到青睐。提出了一种针对铋光栅X射线相衬成像条纹对比度的定量计算方法,通过建立模型,数值计算了不同铋层厚度的吸收光栅所对应的叠栅条纹对比度,并比较了π和π/2相位光栅两种情形下的结果。结果显示,随着吸收光栅铋层厚度的增加,条纹对比度逐渐增加,当源光栅和分析光栅的铋层厚度分别达到150μm和110μm时,利用π相位光栅在40kV管电压下其条纹对比度可达48%,60kV管电压下其条纹对比度只能达到22%。而在两个吸收光栅铋层厚度相同的情况下,采用π/2相位光栅所得条纹对比度略优于π相位光栅的结果。对铋光栅X射线相衬成像条纹对比度的计算分析,可作为X射线相衬成像系统设计的参考依据,推动该成像技术走向实用化。     

基于显著区域的立体图像舒适对比度范围的测量

结合视觉注意机制,通过大量主观实验,定量研究了对比度因素对立体图像视觉舒适度的影响。首先结合平面显著图和立体视差图获得立体显著度图,再利用模糊隶属度和掩模对其进行优化,获得显著立体图像,并用眼动仪验证其合理性;然后对左右视图进行对比度变换和主观实验,数据筛选后得到显著立体图像的舒适对比度匹配图和差异图。实验结果表明:左右视图的对比度差异门限值随着左视图对比度值的不同而改变,且左右视图对比度差异不能过大,最大和最小差异值分别为1.97和-2.40。实验所得舒适对比度范围很好地反映了立体图像的舒适度,验证实验的正确率达95%,为立体内容的制作提供了更合理可行的定量标准。     

低对比度成象

在军事、工业、医疗等应用中,由于传感器所接收的图象可能仅有百分之一以下的对比度,因此,无论显示或观察都有很大的困难。为了提高图象质量,必须对图象信息进行实时处理。本文分析了低对比度成象技术中存在的问题,提出了增强图象和减小噪声的原理和方法,最后介绍用数字处理提高成象质量的方法。     

近红外白天恒星探测对比度分析

红外波段可以探测到足够多的星体用以导航。恒星-背景对比度是白天恒星探测时的一个重要指标,分析近红外波段,6星等恒星对比度随太阳天顶角、探测器高度和探测方位角的变化情况。结果显示,恒星-背景对比度随太阳天顶角近似于指数增长,40太阳天顶角时对比度是20时的2.69倍左右;一定高度时,对比度随探测器高度的增加近似指数增加,低于15 km时对比度仍小于3, 80 km时对比度达到60左右;随着探测方位角的增大,恒星-背景对比度基本上线性增大,30探测方位角时的对比度是0探测方位角时对比度的2.38倍。     

液晶电视空间光调制器对比度的研究

本文分析了影响液晶显示屏对比度的种种因素,根据偏振光在液晶中传输的性质,提出了一种有效改进液晶电视空间光调制器对比度的新方法。通过实验得到了液晶电视最佳对比度的条件,从而使原来4∶1的最佳对比度提高到19∶1。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.