时间频率基准装置的研制现状

时间频率基准装置——铯原子喷泉钟, 在标准时间产生和保持、基础物理研究中发挥了重要的作用. 介绍了铯原子喷泉钟的工作原理, 对影响其性能的各项噪声源和频移项给出了分析, 影响频率稳定度性能的主要因素为Dick 效应相关的原子团装载时间、微波激励源相位噪声和探测激光的频率噪声, 影响频率不确定性能主要频移项为: 黑体辐射频移、冷原子碰撞频移、腔相位分布频移和微波泄露频移; 总结和比较了当前具有先进性能的铯原子喷泉钟采用的技术; 介绍了铯原子喷泉钟的主要应用方向、空间冷原子铯钟的研制情况和光学频率原子钟进展.     

Strontium optical lattice clock at the National Time Service Center

We report the ~(87)Sr optical lattice clock developed at the National Time Service Center. We achieved a closed-loop operation of the optical lattice clock based on ~(87)Sr atoms. The linewidth of the spin-polarized clock peak is 3.9 Hz with a clock laser pulse length of 300 ms, which corresponds to a Fourier-limited linewidth of 3 Hz. The fitting of the in-loop error signal data shows that the instability is approximately 5 × 10~(-15)τ~(-1/2), affected primarily by the white noise. The fractional frequency difference averages down to 5.7 × 10~(-17) for an averaging time of 3000 s.     

锶原子互组跃迁荧光探测系统的研制

锶原子单态和三重态间的互组跃迁(5s2)1S0-(5s5p)3P1辐射率远小于一般的电偶极跃迁,共振跃迁荧光信号微弱。介绍了一种应用于探测该互组跃迁荧光谱的直流偏置探测器。该探测器选用极低输入偏置电流运算放大器作为前置放大,具有信噪比高、增益高、偏置可调等优点。此探测器探测增益为106 V/W量级,-3dB带宽为1MHz。实验中利用该探测器对锶原子互组跃迁(5s2)1S0-(5s5p)3P1微弱共振荧光进行探测,获得信噪比很好的共振荧光谱,且无直流偏置,并由此获得高信噪比的鉴频曲线。应用该探测器观测到了饱和荧光谱线以及对应的鉴频曲线,可用于689nm激光锁频,应用于锶光钟系统。     

偏振光激发的Sr原子电偶极辐射

原子与激光场相互作用产生的自发辐射可以用经典电偶极辐射理论很好的描述.通过改变与Sr原子束相互作用激光的偏振方向,分析探测Sr原子束荧光强度的变化,测定了在远场区的电偶极辐射特性.Sr原子电偶极子在远场区辐射能量的空间方向分布满足sin2θ关系,利用这一规律可以有效地探测到最强的荧光光谱.     

铯饱和吸收光谱装置的简化设计及谱线的观测

介绍了一种铯原子饱和吸收光谱的简化装置。采用两镜腔型结构替代常规的四镜腔饱和吸收光谱装置，观测到稳定的铯原子D2线的超精细谱线，为激光频率稳定于铯原子的吸收峰奠定了较好的基础。并对简化后的实验方案与常规的饱和吸收光谱方案进行了比较。     

浅光晶格中量子隧穿现象的实验观测

基于一维水平光晶格的锶原子光晶格钟实验平台,当系统的稳定度和不确定度达到10-18量级以上时,由量子隧穿效应引起的钟频移变得不容忽视.在浅光晶格中,量子隧穿效应会使钟跃迁谱线发生明显的展宽现象,因此,本文通过研究浅光晶格中的量子隧穿现象,为⁸⁷Sr原子光晶格钟系统不确定度的评估奠定基础.本实验在一维⁸⁷Sr原子光晶格钟平台上,利用超稳超窄线宽的698 nm激光激发⁸⁷Sr冷原子~lS₀(|g>)→~3P₀(|e>)跃迁(即钟跃迁),实现了对锶原子分布在特定量子态的制备.在深光晶格中,将原子制备到|e,n_z=1>态后,再绝热地降低光晶格阱深,然后在浅光晶格中,探测激发态的载波-边带可分辨的钟跃迁谱线.从钟跃迁谱线中观测到载波谱线发生了明显的劈裂,表明原子在光晶格相邻格点间产生了明显的量子隧穿现象.通过对光晶格中量子隧穿机制的理解,不仅有利于提高光晶格钟的不确定度,也可为观测光晶格中费米子的自旋轨道耦合效应提供基础数据.     

Interrogation of optical Ramsey spectrum and stability study of an 87Sr optical lattice clock

The optical Ramsey spectrum is experimentally realized in an ⁸⁷Sr optical lattice clock, and the measured linewidth agrees well with theoretical expectation. The coherence time between the clock laser and the atoms, which indicates the maximum free evolution period of using Ramsey detection to measure the atom-laser phase information, is determined as 340(23) ms by measuring the fringe contrasts of the Ramsey spectrum as a function of the free evolution period. Furthermore, with the same clock duty cycle of about 0.1, the clock stability is measured by using the Ramsey and Rabi spectra, respectively. The experimental and theoretical results show approximately the same stability as the two detection methods, which indicates that Ramsey detection cannot obviously improve the clock stability until the clock duty cycle is large enough. Thus, it is of great significance to choose the detection method of a specific clock.     

Λ型三能级原子系统中Raman跃迁增强的Kerr非线性效应

在理论上研究了Λ型三能级原子系统Raman跃迁中的线性和非线性极化率.研究表明: Raman 跃迁中，如果原子完全被抽运到与控制光作用的基态时，将导致介质对探针光的线性极化率 为零，而三阶非线性极化率不为零.通过减小原子两基态间的无辐射衰减速率γ_{12，可以极大地增强交叉Kerr非线性效应.}     

Frequency-locked tunable LD laser with a broad bandwidth

Using lock-in amplifer and proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) electric circuit, the frequency of diode laser is stabilized on a highly mechanical stable Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity transmission peak. When the frequency locking system is on, the frequency tunable range of the laser is about 4 GHz around the D1 transition of Rb. The laser frequency tuning is implemented by scanning the FP cavity length. The fluctuation of frequency of the output laser is less than 1 MHz, and the drift of the center frequency is less than 1.5 MHz in 1.5 min. This system has great potential of the application in the experimental investigation of the interaction between light and atoms, especially, for the case of far off the atomic resonance.     

锶光钟Zeeman减速器中截止速度对蓝磁光阱原子数的影响

基于分布函数理论,分析了Zeeman减速器中截止速度对蓝磁光阱装载的影响,研究了Zeeman减速器中截止速度与蓝磁光阱俘获原子数目之间的关系,对比了分布函数理论和通用理论两种模型的拟合结果,结果表明,分布函数理论模型能更好地描述两者之间的关系。利用多匝Zeeman减速器对进入蓝磁光阱的热原子束进行减速,制备了锶光钟的冷原子样品。在光钟系统研制中,利用分布函数理论对Zeeman减速器进行了优化设计,提高了Zeeman减速器的工作效率,为实现更高效更紧凑的Zeeman减速器及光钟小型化提供了参考。