稀磁半导体Zn1—xMnxSe外延膜的反射的光致发光谱

测量了用热壁外延（ＨＷＥ）生长的不同组分（０≤ｘ≤０．９８）的Ｚｎ１－ｘＭｎｘＳｅ薄膜在温度为３００Ｋ下的反射光谱，用Ｘ射线能谱测定样品实际的组分ｘ值，由此获得了其能隙Ｅｇ与组分ｘ的关系：在０〈ｘ〈０．２组分范围，Ｅｇ随ｘ的变化显示了反常现象，当ｘ〉０．２时，能隙Ｅｇ随ｘ线性增大。在室温和低温下测量了样品的光致发光，除观测到Ｍｎ＾２＋离子内部４Ｔ１→６Ａ１发光峰外，在其低能边观测到一个较宽的发光峰     

稀磁半导体Zn_（1－x）Co_xSe的光谱特性

本文首次报道一类新型半导体材料：含Ｃｏ＋＋离子的稀磁半导体Ｚｎ１－ｘＣｏｘＳｅ晶体的光谱特性研究实验结果。对组分Ｘ＝０．００１，０．００９７，０．０３０，０．０３７系列样品，在７３Ｋ—３００Ｋ范围内分别在可见和近红外区测量了吸收光谱和光致发光谱。实验观测到一系列与Ｘ值无关的吸收峰和光致发光峰，两者—一对应，它们分别对应于具有几对称的晶体场中Ｃｏ＋＋离子不同能级间的跃迁，对这些峰进行了初步指认。从光致发光谱实验结果给出能隙随Ｘ值的变化。     

A位具有混合价态的钙钛矿氧化物Eu1—xKxTiO3（x=0.2,0.32）的高 …

以ＴｉＯ２和Ｅｕ２Ｏ３为原料,利用固相反应法在４．０ＧＰａ和１０９０℃下合成了钙钛矿氧化物Ｅｕ１－ｘＫｘＴｉＯ３（ｘ＝０．２,０．３２）。ＸＲＤ测量表明样品为立方结构。＾１５１Ｅｕ Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱测试给出同质异能移位分别为～０ｍｍ／ｓ和～－１３ｍｍ／ｓ的两个吸收峰,表明Ｅｕ离子为＋２和＋３混合价。在４８０和６４８０Ｇ的磁场范围内只观察到一个线宽为３１４０Ｇ、ｇ因子为２．００的信号,这是由Ｅｕ     

Y_（1－x）Nd_xSr_2Cu_（2．7）Mo_（0．3）O_（7－δ）体系的拉曼和红外光谱研究

利用拉曼散射和红外吸收光谱研究了Ｙ１－ｘＮｄｘＳｒ２Ｃｕ２．７Ｍｏ０．３Ｏ７－δ（ｘ＝０，０．２，０．５，０．８，１．０）系列样品的声子振动性质。实验结果表明，对ｘ＝０的样品，在拉曼光谱中主要出现３２３，４４３，５２２和５７８ｃｍ－１几个特征峰，在中红外吸收光谱中出现５２２，５８０和６４６ｃｍ－１特征峰。随着样品中Ｎｄ组分的增加，３２３ｃｍ－１峰向低波数发生位移，而５２２和６４６ｃｍ－１峰则向高波数发生位移。本文对这些振动模进行了指认，并对其随不同样品组分的变化行为进行了讨论     

Nd1-xSrxMnO3阴极材料的制备及性能研究

用溶胶－凝胶法制备了单相性、均匀性好的Ｎｄ１－ｘＳｒｘＭｎＯ３（ｘ＝０．１,０．２,０．３,０．４,０．５）微粉系列样品。通过Ｘ射线衍射分析表明,当０≤ｘ≤０．５时样品具有畸变的正交钙钛矿（ＣｄＦｅＯ３型）结构。考察样品的烧结特性和高温电导率随掺锶量的变化规律,发现ｘ＝０．２时样品的导电性能最好。对用微粉制备的膜电极过电位进行测试表明,Ｎｄ０．８Ｓｒ０．２ＭｎＯ３有极过电位低于Ｌａ０．７Ｓｒ０．３ＭｎＯ３阴极过电位。     

X射线辐照下BaF_xCl_（2－x）：Eu~（2＋）的热释发光性质

本文研究了在不同温度下，经互射线辐照后ＢａＦｘＣｌ２－ｘ：ＥＵ２＋的热释发光性质．给出了热释发光峰的温度与缺陷种类的关系，讨论了两种温度辐照下，ＢａＦｘＣｌ２－ｘ：Ｅｕ２＋（Ｘ＝０．９０，…，１．１５）热释发光产生差异的原因．     

La2-xSrxMnRuO6系统的磁性和输运性质

通过对具有双层钙太矿结构的Ｌａ２ － ｘＳｒｘＭｎＲｕＯ６ 系统的结构,磁化率和电阻率的观测,结果发现：在ｘ＝ １ ．０ 附近,发生了从具有Ｍｎ 和Ｒｕ 无序分布的立方结构到有序分布的单斜岩盐结构的结构相变;样品在低温下呈现铁磁性,而在高温下呈现顺磁性,其电阻温度关系呈现２ Ｄ 变程跳迁（ＶＲＨ） 行为;Ｌａ２ － ｘＳｒｘＭｎＲｕＯ６（１ ．０ ≤ｘ ≤２ ．０） 样品在３００Ｋ 以下呈现亚铁磁性．它们的电阻温度关系既不能用ＶＲＨ 机制来描述,也不能用单能隙的热激活跃迁机制来描述．同时对该系统的交换相互作用进行了讨论     

2：17型结构Gd—Fe—Co—Ga化合物的结构与磁性

用电弧熔炼的方法制备了Ｇｄ２（Ｆｅ１－ｘＣｏｘ）１５Ｇａ２（０≤ｘ≤１０）和Ｇｄ２（Ｆｅ０８Ｃｏ０２）１７－ｙＧａｙ（０≤ｙ≤８）化合物，通过Ｘ射线衍射和磁性测量手段研究了它们的结构和磁性．实验结果表明它们都是２∶１７型结构的单相化合物．Ｇｄ２（Ｆｅ１－ｘＣｏｘ）１５Ｇａ２的单胞体积Ｖ随Ｃｏ含量的增加单调下降，而居里温度ＴＣ单调上升，１５Ｋ下的饱和磁化强度Ｍｓ随Ｃｏ含量的增加开始时略有增大，在ｘ＝０２时出现极大值，然后单调下降；对Ｇｄ２（Ｆｅ０８Ｃｏ０２）１７－ｙＧａｙ的样品，随Ｇａ含量的增加单胞体积增加，居里温度和饱和磁化强度单调下降．用Ｃｏ替代Ｆｅ，或用Ｇａ替代Ｆｅ和Ｃｏ都能导致Ｆｅ或Ｃｏ次晶格出现室温单轴各向异性，这可能与Ｇａ原子的择优占位有关．     

Ⅱ—Ⅵ族稀磁半导体ZnSe／Zn1—xMnxSe超晶格中的应力效应

本文通过Ⅱ－Ⅵ族稀磁半导体超晶格ＺｎＳｅ／Ｚｎ１－ｘＭｎｘＳｅ的光致发光谱的测量，对其应力效应进行了讨论。样品的组分ｘ＝０．２，０．３，０．４，测量温度为Ｔ＝１１￣３００Ｋ。结果表明：由于应力效应，ＺｎＳｅ／Ｚｎ１－ｘＭｎｘＳｅ超晶格中的激子能量随ｘ值增加而发生红移。在相同组分下，不同阱、垒宽度比使应力的分布产生明显变化，从而影响超晶格中激子能量。实验与理论计算结果相一致。超晶格中光致发光峰随温度     

Y_（1－x）Pr_xBa_2Cu_3O_（7－δ）超导体正常态异常的正电子湮没

在７７—３００Ｋ温度范围内用正电子湮没方法测量了Ｙ１－ｘＰｒｘＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７－δ（ｘ＝０．２，０．１，０．０）三个超导样品中正电子湮没寿命随温度的变化，细致地研究了正常志异常现象．Ｘ为０．０和０．１的二个样品分别在较Ｔｃ高４０Ｋ和３０Ｋ处观察到了正常态异常现象ｘ＝０．２样品（Ｔｃ＜８０Ｋ）没有观察到正常态异常现象．实验观察到的正常态异常现象可能是发生超导转变的前奏，由结构不稳定产生的类相交所致．     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.