二维位置灵敏硅探测器的应用研究

对二维位置灵敏硅探测器进行了239Puα源刻度测试,并在弹性散射实验中使用了二维位置灵敏硅探测器.考察了两种定位方法在实验中与测试中的一致性.测量了二维位置灵敏硅探测器的能量分辨率、位置分辨率和位置畸变.对位置畸变进行了定性理论解释.     

大动态范围双维位置灵敏多叠层探测系统

描述了一种用于中能重离子核反应实验研究的大动态范围双维位置灵敏多叠层探测系统.该探测系统由纵向电场气体电离室(IC)、大面积双维位置灵敏穿透型Si探测器(PSSD)、大面积Si光敏二极管(SPD)和用光二极管读出的16单元CsI(Tl)闪烁体探测器阵列组成.用a放射源Am(5.486MeV)测得的IC、PSSD的能量分辨率分别为3%和2.6%.在25MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar诱发的核反应中,探测到的a粒子的能量动态范围为2—130MeV,此探测系统清楚地分辨出Z=2到Z=21的元素,对Z=18的Z分辨本领Z/△Z≈44.5,位置分辨为0.86±0.03mm(FWHM).     

微通道板增益对光子计数探测器成像性能影响

微通道板作为二维位置灵敏阳极光子计数探测器中的电子倍增器件,其增益特性直接影响探测器的成像性能。搭建了系统测试平台,测量了微通道板的增益随电压变化曲线,并获得了3块微通道板叠加后的脉冲高度分布曲线。根据测试结果以及脉冲高度分布曲线的能量分辨率与探测器增益的均匀性之间的物理关系,选择合适电压值和增益对探测器的性能进行优化,探测器分辨率由3.56 lp/mm 提高到4.49 lp/mm ,获得了清晰图像,为探测器的研制提供了技术支持。     

近质子滴线核~(28)S的β延迟γ衰变研究

在兰州重离子研究装置上,依托兰州放射性束流线,产生、分离和鉴别了同位旋第三分量T_Z=-2的近质子滴线核~(28)S,并通过使用包括双面硅条探测器和高纯锗探测器在内的探测阵列,开展了~(28)S的β延迟γ衰变测量。实验准确测量了~(28)S衰变中的5条β延迟γ射线,得到了子核~(28)P相应能级的能量。首次提取出了β衰变布居到~(28)P低激发态的衰变分支比,并构筑了~(28)S的全新部分衰变纲图。本工作为将来进一步比较~(28)S和~(28)Mg间的镜像不对称性提供了精确的实验数据。     

硅多条探测器的研制和初步应用

描述了用微电子工艺技术成功研制硅多条探测器的制备工艺技术及测试结果. 这种探测器的灵敏面积为50mm×20mm. P掺杂面被等分成相互平行的，长度为20mm，宽度为3mm的16条，相邻条之间的间距为140μm. 当探测器工作在全耗尽偏压下，每一条的反向漏电流的典型值<2nA.239Pu α粒子的能量分辨为0.5%-0.9%，相邻条之间的相互影响(crosstalk)为4%-8%. 用于 7.2 MeV/u的C束离子测量，得到能量分辨为0.27%.     

远紫外光子计数成像探测器分辨率及计数率的优化

基于远紫外(FUV)成像光谱仪对所用光子计数成像探测器高计数率、高空间分辨率的要求,研制出使用感应电荷位置灵敏阳极的FUV波段二维光子计数成像探测器原理样机,该探测器主要由工作在脉冲计数模式下的微通道板(MCP)堆、楔条形(WSA)感应位敏阳极及相关的模拟和数据处理电路组成。感应电荷WSA阳极探测器的分辨率主要由前端模拟电路的信噪比决定,而信噪比与整形放大器的整形时间有关,整形时间越长,信噪比越高,模拟电路的输出计数率越低。测量了整形时间分别为0.25、0.5、1、2、4μs条件下探测器的分辨率及计数率,测量结果表明探测器的分辨率为3~9lp/mm,最高计数率为11~105kcounts/s,只有0.5μs整形时间放大器能满足FUV成像光谱仪对分辨率和最高计数率的要求。     

DAMPE-PSD探测单元模块大动态范围读出方案的实验验证

暗物质粒子探测卫星（Dark Matter Particle Explorer,DAMPE）的塑闪阵列探测器（Plastic Scintillator Detector,PSD）需要实现高能e/γ粒子的鉴别功能以及对Z=1~20的宇宙线重离子的电荷测量功能。它使用光电倍增管作为读出器件,并从打拿极5和打拿极8同时引出信号来增大读出动态范围。基于该设计方案的探测单元模块在兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环（HIRFL-CSR）上的外靶终端（ETF）进行了束流测试实验。实验得到了PSD单元条在中能轻核区（Z≤8）的能量响应,并证明了单元条的衰减长度与入射粒子种类无关。通过将实验结果外推至高能重核区,同时结合衰减长度、入射角度和能量涨落等因素,可以估算出PSD探测单元模块输出信号幅度的动态范围。结果显示,该范围在PSD前端电子学模块的线性工作区间内,从而验证了PSD大动态范围读出方案设计的合理性。The Plastic Scintillator Detector (PSD) of DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) aims for high energy e/γ identification and charge measurement for cosmic-ray ions from Z=1~20. It adopts photomultiplier tube as the readout device and extracts signals from both dynode5 and dynode8 to enlarge the readout dynamic range. A beam test on a PSD detector unit based this design has been carried out at the External Target Facility (ETF) terminal of the Cooling Storage Ring of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL-CSR). The detector response to light nuclei (Z≤8) at the medium energy scale was extracted and the attenuation length was proved to be irrelevant with the impinging nuclei species. By extrapolating the result to heavy nuclei at the high energy scale and taking into account light attenuation, energy fluctuation and imping angle, the dynamic range of the output signal of PSD detector unit was estimated. The range is well within the linear range of the front-end electronics of PSD, thus verifies the large dynamic range readout design of PSD.     

高增益型气体电子倍增微网结构探测器的性能研究

随着微结构气体探测器的不断发展, 不同的探测需求相继提出.为了实现气体探测器在高增益和低打火率的条件下长时间稳定工作, 结合气体电子倍增器(GEM)与微网结构气体探测器(MicroMegas)的探测优势, 成功研制出一种基于GEM作为预放大的MicroMegas探测器, 详细介绍了探测器结构和工作原理, 并利用⁵⁵Fe放射源对探测器增益、打火率、能量分辨和工作稳定性等性能进行了实验测量. 分析结果显示GEM-MicroMegas探测器可以连续工作30 h 以上, 探测器增益可以超过10⁶, 相对于无GEM膜的MicroMegas探测器, 相同增益下打火率可以降低近100倍. 关键词： 微网结构气体探测器 能量分辨率 增益 打火率     

新型大面积Si-PIN探测器的研制

采用平面工艺制备了大面积Si-PIN探测器,探测器厚度300μm,直径分别Φ50mm、Φ60mm。在室温环境下测量了探测器的漏电流及226 Ra-α粒子能谱响应。结果表明大面积Si-PIN探测器具有耐压能力强、漏电流小、能量分辨率高等优点,能够满足核辐射探测领域的相关应用。     

用于高能X光测量的Si-PIN阵列探测器

设计了用于高能X光测量的小面积PIN硅光电二极管线列探测器,通过理论计算和EGSnrc蒙卡软件模拟分析了Si-PIN的探测灵敏度、线性电流和时间响应。根据理论研究可知,该探测器适用于大注量率、高能轫致辐射光的空间分辨力(3 mm)和时间分辨力(8 ns)的测量。并在理论设计的基础上进行了部分实验,采用小面积PIN硅光电二极管和放大电路,在"神龙一号"直线感应加速器上进行高能X光的测量,初步得到了PIN硅光电单元的响应结果,为线列小面积PIN光电管阵列的实用设计提供优化基础。     

Design of the readout electronics for the DAMPE Silicon Tracker detector

The Silicon Tracker (STK) is one of the detectors of the DAMPE satellite used to measure the incidence direction of high energy cosmic rays. It consists of 6 X-Y double layers of silicon micro-strip detectors with 73728 readout channels. It is a great challenge to read out the channels and process the huge volume of data in the harsh environment of space. 1152 Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) and 384 ADCs are used to read out the detector channels. 192 Tracker Front-end Hybrid (TFH) modules and 8 identical Tracker Readout Board (TRB) modules are designed to control and digitalize the front signals. In this paper, the design of the readout electronics for the STK and its performance are presented in detail.     

Thin CdTe detectors mounted in back-to-back configuration: spectroscopic performance for low-energy X- and gamma-rays

Thin CdTe detectors (3×5 mm² electrode area and 0.5 mm thick) mounted in a back-to-back configuration with a common anode, have been characterized. The goal was to determine the dimensions of the detector region offering good spectroscopic performance. The detector size was chosen on the basis of previous studies performed on various detectors which have shown that the width of this “best spectroscopy region” assumes a constant value of about 0.4 mm in the device thickness range 1.0–2.5 mm, while it is largely reduced when using a smaller electrode area (2×2 mm²) and 0.5 mm thick devices. The tests were performed by irradiating the detectors with a well collimated E_X=122 keV photon beam. The results show that the edge effects observed in smaller detectors with the same configurations are significantly reduced, giving a better energy resolution, but not a wider region with good spectroscopic performance; at lower energies the effects of larger electrodes (increased electric capacitance and leakage current) result in a higher noise and an increased detection threshold.     

Silicon drift detectors for exotic atoms

Silicon drift detectors (SDDs), new large-area X-ray detectors with good resolution both in energy and timing, have been used for kaonic atom X-ray measurements. Results from using SDD X-ray detectors in the study of kaonic atoms are reported.     

A stopping layer concept to improve the spatial resolution of gas-electron-multiplier neutron detector

In recent years, gas electron multiplier (GEM) neutron detectors have been developing towards high spatial resolution and high dynamic counting range. We propose a novel concept of an Al stopping layer to enable the detector to achieve sub-millimeter (sub-mm) spatial resolution. The neutron conversion layer is coated with the Al stopping layer to limit the emission angle of ions into the drift region. The short track projection of ions is obtained on the signal readout board, and the detector would get good spatial resolution. The spatial resolutions of the GEM neutron detector with the Al stopping layer are simulated and optimized based on Geant4GarfieldInterface. The spatial resolution of the detector is 0.76 mm and the thermal neutron detection efficiency is about 0.01% when the Al stopping layer is 3.0 μ m thick, the drift region is 2 mm thick, the strip pitch is 600 μ m, and the digital readout is employed. Thus, the GEM neutron detector with a simple detector structure and a fast readout mode is developed to obtain a high spatial resolution and high dynamic counting range. It could be used for the direct measurement of a high-flux neutron beam, such as Bragg transmission imaging, very small-angle scattering neutron detection and neutron beam diagnostic.     

Simulation of 12C+12C elastic scattering at high energy by using the Monte Carlo method

The Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the ¹²C+¹²C reaction process. Taking into account the size of the incident ¹²C beam spot and the thickness of the ¹²C target, the distributions of scattered ¹²C on the MWPC and the CsI detectors at a detective distance have been simulated. In order to separate elastic scattering from the inelastic scattering with 4.4 MeV excited energy, we set several variables: the kinetic energy of incident ¹²C, the thickness of the ¹²C target, the ratio of the excited state, the wire spacing of the MWPC, the energy resolution of the CsI detector and the time resolution of the plastic scintillator. From the simulation results, the preliminary establishment of the experiment system can be determined to be that the beam size of the incident ¹²C is φ 5 mm, the incident kinetic energy is 200-400 A MeV, the target thickness is 2 mm, the ratio of the excited state is 20%, the ight distance of scattered ¹²C is 3 m, the energy resolution of the CsI detectors is 1%, the time resolution of the plastic scintillator is 0.5%, and the size of the CsI detectors is 7 cm×7 cm, and we need at least 16 CsI detectors to cover a 0° to 5° angular distribution.     

基于ASIC芯片的硅微条阵列探测器多通道前端电子学模块设计

描述了为兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环(HIRFL-CSR)外靶实验系统硅微条阵列探测器而设计的前端电子学模块。该模块采用专用ASIC芯片,可以处理96路能量信号。对前端电子学模块的性能进行了测试,结果表明,该模块在0.1～0.7 V范围内的积分非线性好于0.3%;其电子学分辨好于0.45%,最大串扰小于10%;通道一致性测试结果好于1.3%;在室温下连续工作24 h后,零点峰位最大漂移为1.48 m V。     

A plastic scintillating fiber position detector in vacuum for the test beam facility at BEPCⅡ-LINAC

Two plastic scintillating fiber position detectors for charged particles have been designed, built and installed inside the vacuum tube near two sides of the DM2 deflection magnet on the E3 beam line of the test beam facility at the BEPC-LINAC. A one-dimensional position resolution of sim 1 mm with a sensitive area of 60 mm×60 mm has been obtained for this detector.     

A plastic scintillating fiber position detector in vacuum for the test beam facility at BEPCⅡ-LINAC

Two plastic scintillating fiber position detectors for charged particles have been designed, built and installed inside the vacuum tube near two sides of the DM2 deflection magnet on the E3 beam line of the test beam facility at the BEPC-LINAC. A one-dimensional position resolution of sim 1 mm with a sensitive area of 60 mm×60 mm has been obtained for this detector.     

双层深度编码探测器的晶体表面优化

设计了双层LSO晶体和位置灵敏型光电倍增管耦合构成的用于小动物PET成像的 深度编码探测器. 众所周知, 晶体的不同的表面处理影响着光输出量, 进而影响着它们构建的PET探测器的性能. 为了优化设计的深度编码探测器的性能, 测试了两种不同表面处理的LSO闪烁晶体阵列探测器的晶体分辨能力及其能量、时间和空间分辨率, 结果表明, 光滑表面LSO晶体构建的深度编码探测器显示出良好的空间、能量及时间分辨特性.