电爆炸丝法制备纳米Al2O3粉末

 设计了电爆炸金属丝产生纳米金属氧化物粉末的实验装置，金属丝电爆炸腔采用圆筒结构，纳米粉末经过微孔滤膜过滤收集。成功制备了纳米Al₂O₃粉末，其平均粒度达到64.9 nm。对电爆炸金属丝产生纳米Al₂O₃粉末的物理条件进行了研究。结果表明实验条件对粉末粒度有重要影响：随气压的增加粉末平均粒度变大；随金属丝直径增大粉末平均粒度变大；粉末的平均粒度与电容器的初始储能也有一定的关系。     

Ba0.98Ce0.8Tm0.2O3-α的离子导电性及其燃料电池性能

用高温固相反应法制备了Ba_0.98Ce_0.8Tm_0.2O_3-α钙钛矿型氧化物固溶体,粉末X射线衍射表明该固溶体为单相. 用交流阻抗谱技术和气体浓差电池方法研究了样品在500～900 oC、不同气体气氛中的导电性,以及该样品为固体电解质的氢-空气燃料电池性能. 该电池能稳定地工作,在900 oC时,电池的最大功率密度为110.2 mW/cm²,高于以Ba_xCe_0.8RE_0.2O₃^- (x≤1, RE=Y, Eu, Ho)为固体电解质的氢-空气燃料电池的功率密度     

Al2O3钝化及其在晶硅太阳电池中的应用

介绍了Al₂O₃的材料性质及其原子层沉积制备方法, 详细阐述了该材料的钝化机制(化学钝化和场效应钝化), 并从薄膜厚度、热稳定性及叠层钝化等角度阐释其优化方案. 概述了Al₂O₃钝化在晶体硅太阳电池中的应用, 主要包括钝化发射极及背面局部扩散电池和钝化发射极及背表面电池. 最后, 对Al₂O₃钝化工艺的未来研究方向和大规模的工业应用进行了展望.     

超声强化合成MgFe2O4纳米颗粒及其机理研究

用超声水解方法制备MgO纳米颗粒,用化学沉淀法制备α-Fe₂O₃纳米颗粒,将MgO/α-Fe₂O₃混合体常温下超声活化2h,400℃固相合成制备出MgFe₂O₄纳米颗粒.通过X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜测试产品的化学成分、晶体结构和形貌尺寸,分析声化学反应机理及其影响因素.研究结果表明:所制备的MgFe₂O₄为尖晶石铁氧体,颗粒尺寸分布在20-30nm之间,粒度分布均匀;超声空化效应提高了化学反应活性、增加反应物的比表面积和反应物之间的接触面积,促进固相合成反应速度,降低反应温度,实现了一般条件下难以完成的化学反应.     

压力对纳米CoFe2O4/SiO2复合材料结构的影响

 采用溶胶-凝胶工艺和高温高压实验技术,制备了纳米CoFe₂O₄/SiO₂复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和振动样品磁强计,对样品的结构、微观形貌和磁性进行了研究,并对CoFe₂O₄中阳离子的占位情况进行了讨论。结果表明,随着处理压力的升高,样品的晶粒尺寸增大,晶格常数减小,比饱和磁化强度增大。通过计算结果可以推断,压力的升高导致CoFe₂O₄中的部分Fe³⁺从A位移向了B位,而部分Co²⁺则从B位移向了A位。     

焙烧温度对SiO2负载的Co3O4纳米粒子表面氧缺陷浓度和CO氧化催化性能的影响

以传统的浸渍法,在不同焙烧温度下制备了用于CO氧化反应的Co₃O₄/SiO₂催化剂．通过激光拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)和X射线吸收精细结构谱(XAFS)表征了该系列催化剂的结构．在所有的催化剂中,XRD和Raman光谱都只检测到了Co₃O₄晶相的存在．与Co₃O₄体相相比,XPS结果表明在200 oC焙烧的(Co₃O₄(200)/SiO₂)催化剂中Co₃O₄表面上存在着过量的Co²⁺．与XPS的结果一致,TPR结果表明Co₃O₄(200)/SiO₂催化剂中Co₃O₄表面上存在氧缺陷, 并且XAFS结果也表明Co₃O₄(200)/SiO₂催化剂中Co₃O₄具有更多的Co²⁺．提高焙烧温度使得过量的Co²⁺进一步氧化为Co³⁺,同时降低了表面氧缺陷浓度,从而得到计量比的Co₃O₄4/SiO₂催化剂．在所有的负载催化剂中Co₃O₄(200)/SiO₂催化剂表现出了最好的CO氧化催化性能,表明过量Co²⁺和表面氧缺陷的存在能够促进Co₃O₄催化CO氧化反应的活性.     

Effect of Calcination Temperature on La-Modified Al2O3 Catalysts for Vapor Phase Hydrofluorination of Acetylene to Vinyl Fluoride

利用沉积沉淀法制备出了La改性Al₂O₃催化剂,研究不同焙烧温度对La改性Al₂O₃催化剂用于乙炔气相氢氟化合成氟乙烯反应性能的影响．利用NH₃-TPD、Pyridine-FTIR、XRD和Raman等技术对不同温度焙烧的催化剂进行表征,发现焙烧过程能改变催化剂结构的同时也能调变催化剂表面的酸量．经400 °C焙烧的催化剂显示出最高的乙炔转化率(94.6%)、最高的氟乙烯选择性(83.4%)和较低的积炭选择性(0.72%)．催化剂的高活性与其表面的高酸量有关,同时积炭的选择性也与其表面的酸中心数量有关．     

大规模合成具有氧空位的多孔Bi2O3用于有效降解亚甲基蓝

光催化降解有机污染物由于其具有低能耗和绿色环保的特点，已经成为研究的热点. 氧化铋纳米晶体的带隙在2.0∽2.8 eV之间，利用它催化可见光降解有机污染物具有较高的活性，从而引起了越来越多的关注. 尽管近年来已经开发了几种制备Bi₂O₃基半导体材料的方法，但是仍然难以用简单的方法大规模地制备高活性的Bi₂O₃催化剂. 因此，开发简单可行的大规模制备Bi₂O₃纳米晶体的方法对于工业废水处理的潜在应用具有重要意义. 本文通过蚀刻商用BiSn粉末，然后进行热处理，成功地大规模制备了多孔Bi₂O₃. 获得的多孔Bi₂O₃在亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解中表现出优异的活性和稳定性. 对该机理的进一步研究表明，多孔Bi₂O₃合适的能带结构允许生成活性氧物种，例如O₂^-·和·OH，可有效降解MB.     

Gd3Ga5O12:Ag薄膜电致发光材料的制备及其发光性质

研究了Gd₃Ga₅O₁₂:Ag材料的制备及其发光性质.Gd₃Ga₅O₁₂:Ag材料通过固相反应法制得,采用X射线衍射法分 析了材料的结晶度及成分.用电子束蒸发将该材料制备成交流的薄膜电致发光器件,得到了 较好的蓝紫色发光,发光峰分别位于397和467nm.通过对材料的光致发光和激发光谱的研究 和比较,得出397和467nm分别来自于氧空位和Ag⁺的发光.     

Al2O3Hx(x=1—3)分子团簇的结构与光谱研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3lyp方法在6-311++g(d,p)水平上对Al₂O₃H_x(x=1—3)分子的几何构型, 电子结构, 振动频率等性质进行了系统研究. 并给出了它们可能基态结构的总能量(E_T), 零点能(E_z), 摩尔热容(C_v), 标准熵(S), 原子化能(ΔE_m), 垂直电离能(IP)及垂直电子亲和能(E_A). Al₂O₃H和Al₂O₃H₂分子可能的基态的几何构型都为平面结构. Al₂O₃H₃的两个可能为基态的几何构型都是在立体Al₂O₃(D_3h)的几何结构基础上加三个氢原子构成. 这三个分子的能量最低结构为Al₂O₃H(²A′)C_s, Al₂O₃H₂(¹A′) C_s, Al₂O₃H₃ (²A) C₁.     

Role of Ti in the luminescence process of Al2O3:Si,Ti

Al₂O₃:Si,Ti, prepared under oxidizing condition at high temperature, gives PL emission around 430 nm when excited with 240 nm. The Al₂O₃:C, TL/OSL phosphor, also shows emission around 430 nm, which corresponds to characteristic emission of F-center. Thus, to identify the exact nature of luminescent center in Al₂O₃:Si,Ti, fluorescence lifetime measurement studies were carried out along with the PL,TL and OSL studies. The PL and TL in Al₂O₃:Si,Ti show emission around 430 nm and the time-resolved fluorescence studies show lifetime of about 43 μs for the 430 nm emission, which is much smaller than the reported lifetime of ∼35 ms for the 430 nm emission (F-center emission) in Al₂O₃:C phosphor. Therefore, the emission observed in Al₂O₃:Si,Ti phosphor was assigned to Ti⁴⁺ charge transfer transition. Fluorescence studies of Al₂O₃:Si,Ti do not show any traces of F and F⁺ centers. Also, Ti⁴⁺ does not show any change in the charge state after gamma-irradiation. On the basis of the above studies, a mechanism for TSL/OSL process in Al₂O₃:Si,Ti is proposed.     

Er3+掺杂SiO2复合的Al2O3粉末结构及光致发光特性

采用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)工艺制备0.1 mol% Er³⁺掺杂Al₂O₃体系和SiO₂-Al₂O₃复合体系粉末. 实验结果表明：5 mol%的SiO₂复合加入Al₂O₃抑制γ→θ和θ→α相转变. 掺0.1 mol%Er³⁺:Al₂O₃体系粉末，900℃烧结，在1.47—1.63μm波段内光致发光(PL)谱为中心波长1.53 μm、半高宽56 nm的单一宽峰，1000—1200℃烧结，劈裂为多峰PL谱. 掺0.1 mol%Er³⁺:SiO₂-Al₂O₃复合体系粉末，在高达1200℃烧结，仍保持中心波长1.53 μm的单一宽峰PL谱，由于—OH更完全的脱除，PL强度较900℃烧结Al₂O₃体系，SiO₂-Al₂O₃复合体系均提高1个数量级. 关键词： 2-Al₂O₃复合体系')" href="#">SiO₂-Al₂O₃复合体系 掺铒 溶胶-凝胶工艺 光致发光     

Effects of CeO2-ZrO2 present in Pd/Al2O3 catalysts on the redox behavior of PdOx and their combustion activity

The ceria-zirconium-modified alumina-supported palladium catalysts are prepared using impregnation method with H₂PdCl₄ as Pd source, hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent. The physicochemical properties of these catalysts are characterized by BET surface area (BET), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and temperature programmed oxidation (O₂-TPO) techniques, and their catalytic activities for the combustion of methane are examined. The results show that the palladium mainly exist in a highly dispersed PdO species on Ce-Zr-rich grains as well as Al₂O₃-rich grains surfaces, and a stable PdO species due to the strong interaction between PdO and CeO₂-ZrO₂ on the Ce-Zr/Al₂O₃ surfaces. The catalytic activity is strongly related to the redox behavior of PdO species highly dispersed on Ce-Zr-rich grains and Al₂O₃-rich grains surfaces, and the higher the reducibility of the PdO species, the higher the catalytic activity. The presence of Ce-Zr in Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst would inhibit the site growth of PdO_x particles and decomposition of PdO to Pd⁰, and the reoxidation property of Pd⁰ to PdO_x is significantly improved, which obviously increases thermal stability and catalytic activity of Pd/Ce-Zr/Al₂O₃ catalyst for the methane combustion.     

Al2O3X(X=H,D, T)的电子振动近似理论方法研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法在6-311++G(d,p)水平上对Al₂O₃X(X=H, D, T)分子较低能量的几何构型进行了优化. 计算结果表明该分子有两个可能基态, 即Al₂O₃X(X=H,D,T)(²A′)C_s和Al₂O₃X 关键词： 2O₃X(X=H;D;T)分子团簇')" href="#">Al₂O₃X(X=H;D;T)分子团簇 热力学函数 氢同位素效应 吉布斯自由能改变     

Synthesis and characterization of Sr3Al2O6：Eu2＋, Dy3＋ phosphors prepared by sol-gel-combustion processing

A type of red luminescent Sr3Al2O6:Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphor powder is synthesised by sol-gel-combustion processing, with metal nitrates used as the source of metal ions and citric acid as a chelating agent of metal ions. By tracing the formation process of the sol-gel, it is found that it is necessary to reduce the amount of NO3- by dropping ethanol into the solution for forming a stable and homogeneous sol-gel. Thermogravimetric and Differential Scanning Calorimeter Analysis, x-ray diffractionmeter, scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy are used to investigate the luminescent properties of the as-synthesised Sr3Al2O6:Eu2+, Dy3+. The results reveal that the Sr3Al2O6 crystallises completely when the combustion ash is sintered at 1250 C. The excitation and the emission spectra indicate that the excitation broadband lies mainly in a visible range and the phosphors emit a strong light at 618 nm under the excitation of 472 nm. The afterglow of (Sr0.94Eu0.03Dy0.03)3Al2O6 phosphors sintered at 1250 ℃ lasts for over 1000 s when the excited source is cut off.     

Luminescence in trivalent rare earth activated Sr4Al2O7 phosphor

In this paper we report the combustion synthesis of trivalent rare-earth (RE³⁺ = Dy, Eu and Ce) activated Sr₄Al₂O₇ phosphor. The prepared phosphors were characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. Photoluminescence emission peaks of Sr₄Al₂O₇:Dy³⁺ phosphor at 474 nm and 578 nm in the blue and yellow region of the spectrum. The prepared Eu³⁺ doped phosphors were excited by 395 nm then we found that the characteristics emission of europium ions at 615 nm (⁵D₀?⁷F₂) and 592 nm (⁵D₀?⁷F₁). Photoluminescence (PL) peaks situated at wavelengths of 363 and 378 nm in the UV region under excitation at around 326 nm in the Sr₄Al₂O₇:Ce³⁺ phosphor.     

Surface chemistry and catalytic activity of Ni/Al2O3 irradiated with high-energy electron beam

The radiation effects induced effects by electron beam (EB) treatment on the catalytic activity of Ni/γ-Al₂O₃ were studied for the carbon dioxide reforming of methane with different EB energy and absorbed radiation dose. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to determine the change in structure and surface states of Ni/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst before and after the EB treatment. Higher energy EB treatment is useful for increasing the proportion of the active sites (such as Ni⁰ and NiAl₂O₄-phase) on the surface. The increase of Ni/Al-ratio indicates that the Ni dispersion on the surface increased with the EB-treatment, resulting in an increase of the active sites, which leads to improving the catalytic activity. XPS measurement also showed a decrease of the surface carbon with EB dose. The maximum 20% increase in the conversion of CO₂/CH₄-mixture into CO/H₂ gas was observed for the catalyst treated with 2 MeV energy and 600 kGy dose of EB relative to untreated.     

Microstructure and properties of Ni-Co/nano-Al2O3 composite coatings by pulse reversal current electrodeposition

Ni-Co/nano-Al₂O₃ (Ni-Co/Al₂O₃) composite coatings were prepared under pulse reversal current (PRC) and direct current (dc) methods respectively. The microstructure of coatings was characterized by means of XRD, SEM and TEM. Both the Ni-Co alloy and composite coatings exhibit single phase of Ni matrix with face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure, and the crystal orientation of the Ni-Co/Al₂O₃ composite coating was transformed from crystal face (2 0 0) to (1 1 1) compared with alloy coatings. The hardness, anti-wear property and macro-residual stress were also investigated. The results showed that the microstructure and performance of the coatings were greatly affected by Al₂O₃ content and the electrodeposition methods. With the increasing of Al₂O₃ content, the hardness and wear resistance of the composite coatings enhanced. The PRC composite coatings exhibited compact surface, high hardness, better wear resistance and lower macro-residual stress compared with that of the dc composite coatings.     

The improvement of Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN MISHEMT performance by N2 plasma pretreatment

This paper discusses the effect of N 2 plasma treatment before dielectric deposition on the electrical performance of a Al2O3 /AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor high electron mobility transistor(MISHEMT),with Al2O3 deposited by atomic layer deposition.The results indicated that the gate leakage was decreased two orders of magnitude after the Al2O3 /AlGaN interface was pretreated by N 2 plasma.Furthermore,effects of N 2 plasma pretreatment on the electrical properties of the AlGaN/Al2O3 interface were investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and the interface quality between Al2O3 and AlGaN film was improved.