非粘性土壤中溶质运移问题的守恒混合有限元法及其数值模拟

奉文建立了非粘性土壤水中溶质运移问题的守恒混合元格式,讨论了广义解和混合元解的存在唯一性,并给出了误差估计.数值模拟结果表叫,用该方法模拟溶质运移问题是合理有效的,不仅提高了通量的模拟精度,而且使计算稳定.     

土壤水流与溶质耦合运移问题的混合元-迎风广义差分法研究

本文研究了一维非饱和土壤水流与溶质耦合运移问题的数学模型, 建立了求其数值解的守恒混合元-迎风广义差分格式. 对非线性土壤水分入渗方程, 采用守恒混合元法进行离散模拟, 同时得到了土壤含水量和水分通量; 而对对流-扩散形式的溶质运移方程, 利用迎风的广义差分法离散求解. 且分析了解的存在唯一性, 并讨论了误差估计. 最后给出数值算例, 模拟结果表明利用本文格式来求解非饱和土壤水流与溶质耦合运移问题是可靠的, 且该格式具有稳定性和可实用性.     

一维多介质可压缩流动的守恒型界面追踪方法

本文针对一维问题的ProntTracking方法,提出了一种较易实现的守恒型界面追踪方法.利用双波近似求解Riemann问题来确定界面处的数值通量,在固定的网格上采用统一的有限体积格式进行内点和交界面点的计算,通过守恒插值以及守恒量的重新分配,保证数值解在全场实现一致守恒,将该方法应用于一维多介质可压缩流动的模拟,给出了满意的数值模拟结果.     

非饱和水流问题的迎风差分法及其数值模拟

本文考察了非饱和水流问题模型方程的守恒型迎风差分法.我们基于有限体积方法建立的非饱和流动的守恒形式,分别提出了一阶和二阶迎风差分格式,并对差分格式进行了误差估计,给出了收敛性定理.最后,数值模拟验证了计算格式的有效性.     

浅水流动与污染物扩散的高分辨率计算模型

将组合型TVD格式应用于守恒型的浅水方程和污染物扩散方程，建立了二者耦合求解的高分辨率有限体积计算模型。给出了溃坝水流、明渠突扩流和污染物输运计算的典型算例，并与实验数据或其它数值结果进行了比较，证实了该模型的有效性，表明它不但能处理有激波的非恒定流问题，也能较好地计算具有任意边界的一般的浅水流动和污染物扩散问题，为浅水流动和水环境模拟提供了精度高、稳定性好、普适性强的数值方法。     

Helbing流体力学交通流模型的守恒形式

得到了Helbing交通流流体力学模型的标准守恒形式,并证明了模型的双曲性,这对研究模型的解析性质和数值格式至关重要.基于给出的守恒形式,设计了高效求解模型方程的LDG(lo-cal discontinuous Galerkin)格式,并模拟了由不稳定平衡态到稳定的时停时走波的演化.数值模拟也表明,通过扩散系数校正确实使模型得到改进,避免了车辆碰撞和出现极端高密度.     

辛变换与辛差分格式

由于数学方法在经典力学理论研究中的广泛应用,人们对于经典力学系统的内在性质的理解更加深刻,因而,在数值方法上力求模拟经典力学系统的内在守恒性质.经典力学系统的统一描述——Hamilton力学系统的数学理论体系,为探求经典力学系统的数值方法的对称与守恒奠定了坚实的基础.基于Hamilton力学系统的对称与守恒性质,[3]中提出了保持Hamilton能量守恒的差分格式,[4]中对一类Hamilton方程给出了     

三阶Airy方程满足两个守恒律的非线性差分格式

近年来,学者们对发展型偏微分方程设计了一种能保持多个守恒律的数值方法,这类方法无论在解的精度还是长时间的数值模拟方面都表现出非常好的性质.将这类思想应用到三阶Airy方程,即三阶散射方程,对其设计了满足两个守恒律的非线性差分格式.该格式不仅计算数值解,同时计算数值能量,并且保证数值解和数值能量同时守恒.从数值结果可以看出,该格式在长时间的数值模拟中具有更好的保结构性质.     

油水运移聚集数值模拟和分析

油资源的运移聚集数值模拟是描述在盆地发育中油水运移聚集演化的历史,它对于油田的勘探和合理开发有着重要的价值.本文提出问题的数学模型和修正交替方向隐式迭式格式.对于着名的二次运移聚集的水动力学实验(剖面和平面问题),进行了数值模拟,模拟结果和实验结果是完全吻合的.     

不可压缩黏性流体的二维Navier-Stokes方程的间断有限元模拟

由于不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程由守恒律、扩散及约束发展方程混合构成,为测试数值方法,该文基于非结构网格,对该方程建立了DG(discontinuous Galerkin)格式,讨论了不同黏性系数ν在方腔涡流问题的数值结果,验证了该方法的有效性且不依赖于问题的维数.圆柱绕流问题的模拟结果进一步表明此方法精度高、可有效求解具有运动界面的不可压缩黏性流体问题,使得模拟边界层、剪切层及复杂涡流解十分有效,并可以成功地推广到解决复杂现象数值模拟中的激波结构.     

On Bounded Solutions of the Emden-Fowler Equation in a Semi-cylinder

Bounded solutions of the Emden-Fowler equation in a semi-cylinder are considered. For small solutions the asymptotic representations at infinity are derived. It is shown that there are large solutions whose behavior at infinity is different. These solutions are constructed when some inequalities between the dimension of the cylinder and the homogeneity of the nonlinear term are fulfilled. If these inequalities are not satisfied then it is proved, for the Dirichlet problem, that all bounded solutions tend to zero and have the same asymptotics as small solutions.     

磁流体方程的时间解析性和时间周期解

考查了周期边界条件下的磁流体方程,证明了它的解关于时间是解析的,由此得到了磁流体方程的解的向后惟一性.对于周期解,证明了当周期小于某个常数时,周期的弱解是强解,进一步地这样的强解是定常解.     

Pfaffian solutions to a (3+1)-dimensional generalized B-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation and its modified counterpart

A class of exact Pfaffian solutions to a (3+1)-dimensional generalized B-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation is obtained. A set of sufficient conditions consisting of systems of linear partial differential equations involving free parameters is generated to guarantee that the Pfaffian solves the equation. A Bäcklund transformation of the equation is presented. The equation is transformed into a set of bilinear equations, and a few classes of traveling wave solutions, rational solutions and Pfaffian solutions to the extended bilinear equations are furnished. Examples of the Pfaffian solutions are explicitly computed, and a few solutions are plotted.     

Group-invariant solutions, non-group-invariant solutions and conservation laws of Qiao equation

This paper considers a completely integrable nonlinear wave equation which is called Qiao equation. The equation is reduced via Lie symmetry analysis. Two classes of new exact group-invariant solutions are obtained by solving the reduced equations. Specially, a novel technique is proposed for constructing group-invariant solutions and non-group-invariant solutions based on travelling wave solutions. The obtained exact solutions include a set of traveling wave-like solutions with variable amplitude, variable velocity or both. Nonlocal conservation laws of Qiao equation are also obtained with the corresponding infinitesimal generators.     

Periodic and solitary-wave solutions of the Degasperis–Procesi equation

Travelling-wave solutions of the Degasperis–Procesi equation are investigated. The solutions are characterized by two parameters. For propagation in the positive x-direction, hump-like, inverted loop-like and coshoidal periodic-wave solutions are found; hump-like, inverted loop-like and peakon solitary-wave solutions are obtained as well. For propagation in the negative x-direction, there are solutions which are just the mirror image in the x-axis of the aforementioned solutions. A transformed version of the Degasperis–Procesi equation, which is a generalization of the Vakhnenko equation, is also considered. For propagation in the positive x-direction, hump-like, loop-like, inverted loop-like, bell-like and coshoidal periodic-wave solutions are found; loop-like, inverted loop-like and kink-like solitary-wave solutions are obtained as well. For propagation in the negative x-direction, well-like and inverted coshoidal periodic-wave solutions are found; well-like and inverted peakon solitary-wave solutions are obtained as well. In an appropriate limit, the previously known solutions of the Vakhnenko equation are recovered.     

A Multidimensional Nonautonomous Equation Containing a Product of Powers of Partial Derivatives

A class of multidimensional differential equations containing products of powers of partial derivatives of any order is considered. Solutions with additive, multiplicative, and combined separation of variables are obtained. A family of pseudopolynomial solutions expressed in terms of polynomials in independent variables with arbitrary coefficients and functions being solutions of certain ordinary differential equations is also obtained. Solutions of the type of traveling wave and self-similar solutions, as well as families of solutions having the form of a sum or a product of solutions of the type of a traveling wave and self-similar solutions, are found. Finally, solutions that can be represented as functions of more complicated arguments expressed in terms of linear combinations and products of the initial independent variables are found. For all of the obtained solutions, conditions on the righthand side of the equation and its parameters under which these solutions exist are determined.     

Lump solutions to a generalized Hietarinta-type equation via symbolic computation

Lump solutions are one of important solutions to partial differential equations, both linear and nonlinear. This paper aims to show that a Hietarinta-type fourth-order nonlinear term can create lump solutions with second-order linear dispersive terms. The key is a Hirota bilinear form. Lump solutions are constructed via symbolic computations with Maple, and specific reductions of the resulting lump solutions are made. Two illustrative examples of the generalized Hietarinta-type nonlinear equations and their lumps are presented, together with three-dimensional plots and density plots of the lump solutions.     

Perturbation theory for mathematical programming problems

Mathematical programming (MP) problems depending on a small parameter are investigated. Attention is paid to the cases where the solutions to the reduced program and/or the solutions to the dual reduced program are not unique. Conditions are given for the convergence of perturbed solutions to a point of the reduced problem solution set, if the small parameter tends to zero. It is shown how to find this point and how to construct an approximate solution to the perturbed program. A singular situation may appear if the dual solution set is unbounded. In this case, a gap between perturbed and reduced solutions may arise. However, it is shown that the perturbed solutions are close to the solutions of some modified reduced problem. The practical usefulness of perturbation theory is demonstrated by considering the two LP problems. Decomposition and aggregation procedures are constructed on the base of general results to find suboptimal solutions of these problems.     

非线性波方程准确孤立波解的符号计算

该文将机械化数学方法应用于偏微分方程领域，建立了构造一类非线性发展方程孤立波解的一种统一算法，并在计算机数学系统上加以实现，推导出了一批非线性发展方程的精确孤立波解．算法的基本原理是利用非线性发展方程孤立波解的局部性特点，将孤立波表示为双曲正切函数的多项式．从而将非线性发展方程（组）的求解问题转化为非线性代数方程组的求解问题．利用吴文俊消元法在计算机代数系统上求解非线性代数方程组，最终获得非线性发展方程（组）的准确孤立波解.     

扩展的(G'/G)展开法求量子Zakharov-Kuznetsov方程的精确解

为得到量子Zakharov-Kuznetsov方程的一些新精确解,借助行波解的思想,结合齐次平衡原理和一类非线性常微分方程解的结构,利用扩展的(G’/G)展开方法,研究了其相应的更加丰富的精确解表达形式.新精确解的表达式主要由双曲函数、三角函数和有理数函数构成,出现了某些怪波解的情形.通过对比不同情况下解的形式,利用Matlab软件给出数值模拟图形,并根据图形的特点分析了一些怪波现象形成的机理.