非饱和水流问题的迎风差分法及其数值模拟

本文考察了非饱和水流问题模型方程的守恒型迎风差分法.我们基于有限体积方法建立的非饱和流动的守恒形式,分别提出了一阶和二阶迎风差分格式,并对差分格式进行了误差估计,给出了收敛性定理.最后,数值模拟验证了计算格式的有效性.     

土壤水流与溶质耦合运移问题的混合元-迎风广义差分法研究

本文研究了一维非饱和土壤水流与溶质耦合运移问题的数学模型, 建立了求其数值解的守恒混合元-迎风广义差分格式. 对非线性土壤水分入渗方程, 采用守恒混合元法进行离散模拟, 同时得到了土壤含水量和水分通量; 而对对流-扩散形式的溶质运移方程, 利用迎风的广义差分法离散求解. 且分析了解的存在唯一性, 并讨论了误差估计. 最后给出数值算例, 模拟结果表明利用本文格式来求解非饱和土壤水流与溶质耦合运移问题是可靠的, 且该格式具有稳定性和可实用性.     

三阶Airy方程满足两个守恒律的非线性差分格式

近年来,学者们对发展型偏微分方程设计了一种能保持多个守恒律的数值方法,这类方法无论在解的精度还是长时间的数值模拟方面都表现出非常好的性质.将这类思想应用到三阶Airy方程,即三阶散射方程,对其设计了满足两个守恒律的非线性差分格式.该格式不仅计算数值解,同时计算数值能量,并且保证数值解和数值能量同时守恒.从数值结果可以看出,该格式在长时间的数值模拟中具有更好的保结构性质.     

对称正则长波方程的拟紧致守恒差分逼近

该文对称正则长波方程的初边值问题进行了数值研究, 提出了一个两层隐式拟紧差分格式,格式很好地模拟了初值问题的守恒性质. 得到了差分解的存在唯一性, 并在先验估计基础上运用能量方法分析了格式的稳定性及二阶收敛性.     

Lagrange柱坐标高阶中心型守恒格式

提出Lagrange柱坐标高阶中心型守恒格式.基于用对守恒律的单调迎风算法(MUSCL)构造的高阶子网格压力,引入了柱坐标高阶体权子网格力和柱坐标高阶面权子网格力,构造了柱坐标高阶体权中心型守恒格式和柱坐标高阶面权中心型格式.柱坐标高阶体权中心型守恒格式满足动量守恒、能量守恒,但不能确定保持一维球对称性.柱坐标高阶面权中心型格式满足能量守恒,保持一维球对称性.两种格式里,格点速度以与网格面的数值通量相容的方式计算.对Saltzman活塞问题等进行了数值模拟,数值结果显示Lagrange柱坐标高阶中心型守恒格式的有效性和精确性.     

Lagrange中心型守恒格式

提出了Lagrange中心型守恒气体动力学格式．引入了当前时刻子网格密度与当前时刻网格声速产生的网格分片常数压力．初始网格密度乘以初始子网格体积得到子网格质量,这些子网格质量除以当前时刻子网格体积得到当前时刻子网格密度．应用网格分片常数压力,构造了满足动量守恒、总能量守恒的Lagrange中心型守恒气体动力学格式,格点速度以与网格面的数值通量相容的方式计算．对Saltzman活塞问题等进行了数值模拟,数值结果显示Lagrange中心型守恒气体动力学格式的有效性和精确性．     

双曲型守恒律方程的熵稳定格式的一些讨论

本文讨论双曲型守恒律方程的熵稳定格式.对于给定的熵对,格式所满足的熵条件中的数值熵通量是不唯一的.Tadmor的充分条件可以唯一地确定标量方程的熵守恒通量,但不能唯一确定方程组的熵守恒通量,却可以给出方程组的空间一阶精度的熵守恒格式.也讨论了在熵守恒通量上添加数值粘性得到的显式熵稳定格式需要满足的条件及常见的时间离散对熵守恒和熵稳定的影响.     

不可压饱和多孔弹性杆动力响应的多辛方法

研究了不可压饱和多孔弹性杆的一维动力响应问题.基于多孔介质理论,在流相和固相微观不可压、固相骨架小变形的假定下,建立了不可压流体饱和多孔弹性杆一维轴向动力响应的数学模型.利用Hamilton空间体系的多辛理论,构造了不可压饱和多孔弹性杆轴向振动方程的多辛形式及其多种局部守恒律.采用中点Box离散方法得到轴向振动方程的多辛离散格式和局部能量守恒律以及局部动量守恒律的离散格式;数值模拟了不可压饱和多孔弹性杆的轴向振动过程,记录了每一时间步的局部能量数值误差和局部动量数值误差.结果表明,已构造的多辛离散格式具有很高的精确性和较长时间的数值稳定性,这为解决饱和多孔介质的动力响应问题提供了新的途径.     

求解Klein-Gordon-Schrdinger方程组的一个新型守恒差分算法的收敛性分析

对复Schrdinger场和实Klein-Gordon场相互作用下一类耦合方程组的初边值问题进行了数值研究,提出了一个高效差分格式,该格式非耦合且为半显格式,因此比隐格式具有更快的计算速度,而且便于并行计算;同时,该格式很好地模拟了初边值问题的守恒性质,保证了格式计算的可靠性,从而便于长时间计算.细致讨论了格式的守恒性质,并在先验估计的基础上运用能量方法分析了差分格式的收敛性.     

一维多介质可压缩流动的守恒型界面追踪方法

本文针对一维问题的ProntTracking方法,提出了一种较易实现的守恒型界面追踪方法.利用双波近似求解Riemann问题来确定界面处的数值通量,在固定的网格上采用统一的有限体积格式进行内点和交界面点的计算,通过守恒插值以及守恒量的重新分配,保证数值解在全场实现一致守恒,将该方法应用于一维多介质可压缩流动的模拟,给出了满意的数值模拟结果.     

General phase transition models for vehicular traffic with point constraints on the flow

In this paper, we present a general phase transition model that describes the evolution of vehicular traffic along a one‐lane road. Two different phases are taken into account, according to whether the traffic is low or heavy. The model is given by a scalar conservation law in the free‐flow phase and by a system of 2 conservation laws in the congested phase. The free‐flow phase is described by a one‐dimensional fundamental diagram corresponding to a Newell‐Daganzo type flux. The congestion phase is described by a two‐dimensional fundamental diagram obtained by perturbing a general fundamental flux. In particular, we study the resulting Riemann problems in the case a local point constraint on the flow of the solutions is enforced.     

On second-order antidiffusive Lagrangian-remap schemes for multispecies kinematic flow models

This paper focuses on the numerical approximation of the solutions of multi-species kinematic flow models. These models are strongly coupled nonlinear first-order conservation laws with various applications like sedimentation of a polydisperse suspension in a viscous fluid, or traffic flow modeling. Since the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the corresponding flux Jacobian matrix have no closed algebraic form, this is a challenging issue. A new class of simple schemes based on a Lagrangian- Eulerian decomposition (the so-called Lagrangian-remap (LR) schemes) was recently advanced in [4] for traffic flow models with nonnegative velocities, and extended to models of polydisperse sedimentation in [5]. These schemes are supported by a partial numerical analysis when one species is considered only, and turned out to be competitive in both accuracy and efficiency with several existing schemes. Since they are only first-order accurate, it is the purpose of this contribution to propose an extension to second-order accuracy using quite standard MUSCL and Runge-Kutta techniques. Numerical illustrations are proposed for both applications and involving eleven species (sedimentation) and nine species (traffic) respectively.     

Fixed-point fast sweeping weighted essentially non-oscillatory method for multi-commodity continuum traffic equilibrium assignment problem

This work presents a fixed-point fast sweeping weighted essentially non-oscillatory method for the multi-commodity continuum traffic equilibrium assignment problem with elastic travel demand. The commuters’ origins (i.e. home locations) are continuously dispersed over the whole city with several highly compact central business districts. The traffic flows from origins to the same central business district are considered as one commodity. The continuum traffic equilibrium assignment model is formulated as a static conservation law equation coupled with an Eikonal equation for each commodity. To solve the model, a pseudo-time-marching approach and a third order finite volume weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme with Lax–Friedrichs flux splitting are adopted to solve the conservation law equation, coupled with a third order fast sweeping numerical method for the Eikonal equation on rectangular grids. A fixed-point fast sweeping method that utilizes Gauss–Seidel iterations and alternating sweeping strategy is designed to improve the convergence for steady state computations of the problem. A numerical example is given to show the feasibility of the model and the effectiveness of the solution algorithm.     

Simulating vehicular traffic in a network using dynamic routing

We present a new numerical code which solves the Lighthill – Whitham model, the classic macroscopic model for vehicular traffic flow, in a network with multi-destinations. We use a high-resolution shock-capturing scheme with approximate Riemann solver to solve the partial differential equations of the Lighthill – Whitham theory. These schemes are very efficient, robust and moreover well adapted to simulations of traffic flows. We develop a theory of dynamic routing including a procedure for traffic flow assignment at junctions which reproduces the correct propagation of irregularities and ensures at the same time conservation of the number of vehicles.     

A numerical scheme for moving bottlenecks in traffic flow

We consider a stronglycoupled PDE-ODE systemthat describes themoving bottlenecks created by several buses on a road. The model consists of a scalar conservation law modeling the main traffic evolution and a series of ODEs accounting for the trajectories of the buses, which depend on the surrounding traffic density. The moving bottlenecks are expressed by inequality constraints on the flux.We generalize a conservative finite volume scheme for the constrained hyperbolic PDE using a reconstruction technique and a tracking algorithm for the ODEs. Numerical simulations illustrate the impact of the buses on traffic flow.     

On the velocity distribution at equilibrium in the mathematical theory of vehicular traffic flow

This work deals with a two-scale vehicular traffic model, where the mass conservation equation is closed by a velocity probability distribution, parameterized with respect to each density of vehicles. The above probability distribution is identified on the basis of both experimental information and theoretical conjectures.     

Modelling traffic flow with a time‐dependent fundamental diagram

We model traffic flow with a time‐dependent fundamental diagram. A time‐dependent fundamental diagram arises naturally from various factors such as weather conditions, traffic jam or modern traffic congestion managements, etc. The model is derived from a car‐following model which takes into account the situation changes over the time elapsed time. It is a system of non‐concave hyperbolic conservation laws with time‐dependent flux and the sources. The global existence and uniqueness of the solution to the Cauchy problem is established under the condition that the variation in time of the fundamental diagram is bounded. The zero relaxation limit of the solutions is found to be the unique entropy solution of the equilibrium equation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antidiffusive Lagrangian‐remap schemes for models of polydisperse sedimentation

One‐dimensional models of gravity‐driven sedimentation of polydisperse suspensions with particles that belong to N size classes give rise to systems of N strongly coupled, nonlinear first‐order conservation laws for the local solids volume fractions. As the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the flux Jacobian have no closed algebraic form, characteristic‐wise numerical schemes for these models become involved. Alternative simple schemes for this model directly utilize the velocity functions and are based on splitting the system of conservation laws into two different first‐order quasi‐linear systems, which are solved successively for each time iteration, namely, the Lagrangian and remap steps (so‐called Lagrangian‐remap [LR] schemes). This approach was advanced in (Bürger, Chalons, and Villada, SIAM J Sci Comput 35 (2013), B1341–B1368) for a multiclass Lighthill–Whitham‐Richards traffic model with nonnegative velocities. By incorporating recent antidiffusive techniques for transport equations a new version of these Lagrangian‐antidiffusive remap (L‐AR) schemes for the polydisperse sedimentation model is constructed. These L‐AR schemes are supported by a partial analysis for N = 1. They are total variation diminishing under a suitable CFL condition and therefore converge to a weak solution. Numerical examples illustrate that these schemes, including a more accurate version based on MUSCL extrapolation, are competitive in accuracy and efficiency with several existing schemes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 32: 1109–1136, 2016     

Scalar conservation laws with moving constraints arising in traffic flow modeling: An existence result

We consider a strongly coupled PDE–ODE system that describes the influence of a slow and large vehicle on road traffic. The model consists of a scalar conservation law accounting for the main traffic evolution, while the trajectory of the slower vehicle is given by an ODE depending on the downstream traffic density. The moving constraint is expressed by an inequality on the flux, which models the bottleneck created in the road by the presence of the slower vehicle. We prove the existence of solutions to the Cauchy problem for initial data of bounded variation.