Ore度和条件下赋权triangle-free图中的重圈(英文)

设G是一个2-连通赋权图,且G中每一对不相邻顶点u和v都满足d~w(u)+d~w(v)≥2d.Bondy等人证明了G或者包含一个哈密尔顿圈,或者包含一个权至少为2d的圈.如果G不是哈密尔顿图,这个结论意味着G中包含一个权至少为2d的圈.但是当G是哈密尔顿图时,我们不能判断G是否包含一个权至少为2d的圈.这篇文章中,在Fujisawa的一篇文章的启发下,我们证明了当G是triangle-free图并且|V(G)|是奇数时,G中一定包含一个权至少为2d的圈,即使G是哈密尔顿图.     

赋权图中存在重圈的一个定理的新证明

给出了如下定理的一个新的简短的证明:若G是一个满足k≥2的k连通赋权图,则G或者包含一个权至少为2m/(k 1)的圈,或者包含一个Hamilton圈,如果以下条件成立:(1)任意k 1个相互独立的顶点的赋权度和至少为m;(2)在G的每个导出爪,导出修正爪和导出P4中,所有边的权都相等.     

曲面上图的短圈结构与Mohar和Thomassen的一个问题的解决

研究了(赋权)图的圈基结构并且对包含在最小圈基中的短圈提供了大量信息. 建立了一个基变换的Hall型定理, 利用此定理, 给出了判断一个圈基是最小圈基的充分必要条件, 而且，证明了一个(赋权)图的最小圈基结构是唯一的. 这一性质对于最大圈基也成立 (尽管在最小圈基方面已有很多工作, 而在最大圈基方面的工作几乎没有). 利用这些方法， 发现了(赋权)图中具有特定性质的短圈的一些新结果. 作为应用， 决定了一个嵌入图的短圈的结构, 并找到一个多项式算法能够判断一个嵌入图中是否存在双侧圈, 如果这样的圈存在, 就可以找到一个最短的双侧圈. 这回答了B. Mohar和C. Thomassen提出的一个未解决问题, 并对他们提出的另一个未解决问题给出了部分解答.     

关于赋权图中重圈的一个范型定理

设G=(V, E; w)为赋权图,定义G中点v的权度d_G^w(v)为G中与v相关联的所有边的权和.该文证明了下述定理: 假设G为满足下列条件的2 -连通赋权图: (i) 对G中任何导出路xyz都有w(xy)=w(yz); (ii)对G中每一个与K_1,3或K_1,3+e同构的导出子图T, T中所有边的权都相等并且min{max{d_G^w(x), d^w_G(y)}:d(x,y)=2,x,y∈ V(T)}≥ c/2. 那么, G中存在哈密尔顿圈或者存在权和至少为 c 的圈. 该结论分别推广了Fan^[5], Bedrossian等人^[2]和Zhang等人^[7]的相关定理     

边赋权图支撑树权的介值性

有关图的介值性,已有若干较好的结果,但这些结果都未涉及图的赋权。本文考虑边赋权图支撑树权的介值性。证明了定理A 设双射w:E(G)→{1,2,…|E(G)|}是连通图G=(V(G),E(G))的边赋权,如果存在G的圈基使w在它的每个圈上的象集为连续整数集,则w((G))={w(e)|T∈J(G)}是连续整数集。其中(G)是G的支撑树的集合。     

图的k-单圈划分中的优化问题

图的划分问题曾引起图论界的广泛关注，在文献[4]中讨论了k-单圈划分，本文进一步研究基于k-单圈划分的优化问题，即在一个赋权图中求一个最小权可k-单圈划分的支撑子图，以及对一个不存在k-单圈划分支撑子图的图，如何添最少的边使得它有k-单圈划分的支撑子图。     

路和圈上的卡氏乘积图的关联着色数(英文)

本文给出了路与路,路与圈的卡氏乘积图的关联着色数的完整刻画.对于圈与圈的卡氏乘积图的情形,也给出了其关联着色数的上界为乘积图的最大度加三,并且又给出了几类其关联着色数小于其最大度加三的圈与圈的卡氏乘积图类.     

图论在离散事件动态系统中的应用

运用图论方法和极大代数方法,研究了非强连通图中的强连通分支的最大圈长平均值与该图的赋权邻接矩阵的特征值之间的关系,并进一步证明了其等价性.     

超图的路和圈

超图是离散数学中最一般最复杂的结构 .无圈超图已被证明在数据库设计中非常有用 .从关系数据的结构出发 ,建立了关于超图的路、连通性和圈的新的公理系统 .该系统与特殊情形———图是符合的 .引入了虚圈和实圈的概念 ,这是一对相关联的概念 .虚圈在特殊情形———图中不存在 ,退化掉了 .定义了超图圈的相关性和独立性 ,给出了超图中最大独立实圈数目的计数公式 ,对特殊情形———图 ,这个公式就是Euler公式 .     

具有最大能量的最短路

本讨论一类新的赋权图，称为双权图，Ｇ＝（Ｖ，Ｅ；ω，ｃ），ω称为权函数，ｃ为容量函数。并给出了Ｇ中两顶点ｕ与ｖ之间具有最大能量的最短路的算法。     

Heavy fans, cycles and paths in weighted graphs of large connectivity

A set of paths joining a vertex y and a vertex set L is called (y,L)-fan if any two of the paths have only y in common, and its width is the number of paths forming it. In weighted graphs, it is known that the existence of heavy fan is useful to find a heavy cycle containing some specified vertices.In this paper, we show the existence of heavy fans with large width containing some specified vertices in weighted graphs of large connectivity, which is a weighted analogue of Perfect's theorem. Using this, in 3-connected weighted graphs, we can find heavy cycles containing three specified vertices, and also heavy paths joining two specified vertices containing two more specified vertices. These results extend the previous results in 2-connected weighted graphs to 3-connected weighted graphs.     

Cycles and paths in edge‐colored graphs with given degrees

Sufficient degree conditions for the existence of properly edge‐colored cycles and paths in edge‐colored graphs, multigraphs and random graphs are investigated. In particular, we prove that an edge‐colored multigraph of order n on at least three colors and with minimum colored degree greater than or equal to ?(n+1)/2? has properly edge‐colored cycles of all possible lengths, including hamiltonian cycles. Longest properly edge‐colored paths and hamiltonian paths between given vertices are considered as well. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 64: 63–86, 2010     

Sparse hamiltonian 2-decompositions together with exact count of numerous Hamilton cycles

We construct multigraphs of any large order with as few as only four 2-decompositions into Hamilton cycles or only two 2-decompositions into Hamilton paths. Nevertheless, some of those multigraphs are proved to have exponentially many Hamilton cycles (Hamilton paths). Two families of large simple graphs are constructed. Members in one class have exactly 16 hamiltonian pairs and in another class exactly four traceable pairs. These graphs also have exponentially many Hamilton cycles and Hamilton paths, respectively. The exact numbers of (Hamilton) cycles and paths are expressed in terms of Lucas- or Fibonacci-like numbers which count 2-independent vertex (or edge) subsets on the n-path or n-cycle. A closed formula which counts Hamilton cycles in the square of the n-cycle is found for n≥5. The presented results complement, improve on, or extend the corresponding well-known Thomason’s results.     

Long cycles in graphs without hamiltonian paths

For a graph G, p(G) and c(G) denote the order of a longest path and a longest cycle of G, respectively. Bondy and Locke [J.A. Bondy, S.C. Locke, Relative length of paths and cycles in 3-connected graphs, Discrete Math. 33 (1981) 111-122] consider the gap between p(G) and c(G) in 3-connected graphs G. Starting with this result, there are many results appeared in this context, see [H. Enomoto, J. van den Heuvel, A. Kaneko, A. Saito, Relative length of long paths and cycles in graphs with large degree sums, J. Graph Theory 20 (1995) 213-225; M. Lu, H. Liu, F. Tian, Relative length of longest paths and cycles in graphs, Graphs Combin. 23 (2007) 433-443; K. Ozeki, M. Tsugaki, T. Yamashita, On relative length of longest paths and cycles, preprint; I. Schiermeyer, M. Tewes, Longest paths and longest cycles in graphs with large degree sums, Graphs Combin. 18 (2002) 633-643]. In this paper, we investigate graphs G with p(G)−c(G) at most 1 or at most 2, but with no hamiltonian paths. Let G be a 2-connected graph of order n, which has no hamiltonian paths. We show two results as follows: (i) if , then p(G)−c(G)≤1, and (ii) if σ₄(G)≥n+3, then p(G)−c(G)≤2.     

Hamilton cycles and paths in vertex-transitive graphs—Current directions

In this article current directions in solving Lovász’s problem about the existence of Hamilton cycles and paths in connected vertex-transitive graphs are given.     

Disjoint paths, planarizing cycles, and spanning walks

We study the existence of certain disjoint paths in planar graphs and generalize a theorem of Thomassen on planarizing cycles in surfaces. Results are used to prove that every 5-connected triangulation of a surface with sufficiently large representativity is hamiltonian, thus verifying a conjecture of Thomassen. We also obtain results about spanning walks in graphs embedded in a surface with large representativity.

     

Short cycle structures for graphs on surfaces and an open problem of Mohar and Thomassen

In this paper we investigate cycle base structures of a (weighted) graph and show that much information of short cycles is contained in an MCB (i.e., minimum cycle base). After setting up a Hall type theorem for base-transformation, we give a sufficient and necessary condition for a cycle base to be an MCB. Furthermore, we show that the structure of MCB in a (weighted) graph is unique. The property is also true for those having a longest length (although much work has been down in evaluating MCB, little is known for those having a longest length). We use those methods to find out some unknown properties for short cycles sharing particular properties in (unweighted) graphs. As applications, we determine the structures of short cycles in an embedded graph and show that there exist polynomially bounded algorithms in finding a shortest contractible cycle and a shortest two-sided cycle provided such cycles exist. Those answer an open problem of B. Mohar and C. Thomassen.     

Heavy cycles passing through some specified vertices in weighted graphs

A weighted graph is one in which every edge e is assigned a nonnegative number, called the weight of e. The sum of the weights of the edges incident with a vertex υ is called the weighted degree of υ. The weight of a cycle is defined as the sum of the weights of its edges. In this paper, we prove that: (1) if G is a 2‐connected weighted graph such that the minimum weighted degree of G is at least d, then for every given vertices x and y, either G contains a cycle of weight at least 2d passing through both of x and y or every heaviest cycle in G is a hamiltonian cycle, and (2) if G is a 2‐connected weighted graph such that the weighted degree sum of every pair of nonadjacent vertices is at least s, then for every vertex y, G contains either a cycle of weight at least s passing through y or a hamiltonian cycle. AMS classification: 05C45 05C38 05C35. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory     

w-DENSITY AND w-BALANCED PROPERTY OF WEIGHTED GRAPHS

§ 1　IntroductionAll graphsconsidered in this paperare finite undirected ones withoutloops ormultipleedges.Our terminology and notation are standard exceptas indicated.A good reference forany undefined terms is[1 ] .Let G be a graph with vertex set V( G) and edge set E( G) .The density of G is definedbyd( G) =ε( G)ν( G) ,whereν( G) andε( G) denote| V( G) | and| E( G) | ,respectively.G is said to be balanced iffor each subgraph H of G we have d( H )≤ d( G) ,where V( H ) is assum…     

Proper interval graphs and the guard problem

This paper is a study of the hamiltonicity of proper interval graphs with applications to the guard problem in spiral polygons. We prove that proper interval graphs with 2 vertices have hamiltonian paths, those with 3 vertices have hamiltonian cycles, and those with 4 vertices are hamiltonian-connected if and only if they are, respectively, 1-, 2-, or 3-connected. We also study the guard problem in spiral polygons by connecting the class of nontrivial connected proper interval graphs with the class of stick-intersection graphs of spiral polygons.