平面三次Pythagorean-Hodograph Hyperbolic曲线

本文基于Pythagorean-hodograph (PH)曲线和代数双曲线的良好几何特性,构造了Pythagorean-Hodograph Hyperbolic (PH-H)曲线,并给出了PH-H曲线的定义以及相应性质.同时,分别利用Hyperbolic基函数和Algebraic Hyperbolic (AH) B\''ezier基函数,得到了平面三次AH B\''ezier曲线为PH曲线的两个不同的充要条件.此外,三次PH-H曲线也被用于求解具有确定解的$G^1$ Hermite插值问题.文中给出了具体实例来说明我们的方法.     

树和单圈图的斜谱矩

给定图$G$,对图$G$的每条边确定一个方向,称为$G$的定向图$G^\sigma$, $G$称为$G^\sigma$的基础图. $G^\sigma$的斜邻接矩阵$S(G^\sigma)$是反对称矩阵,其特征值是0或纯虚数. $S(G^\sigma)$所有特征值的$k$次幂之和称为$G^\sigma$的$k$阶斜谱矩,其中$k$是非负整数.斜谱矩序列可用于对图进行排序.本文主要研究定向树和定向单圈图的斜谱矩,并对这两类图的斜谱矩序列依照字典序进行排序.首先确定了直径为$d$的树作为基础图的所有定向树中,斜谱矩序最大的$2\lfloor\frac{d}{4}\rfloor$个图; 然后确定以围长为$g$的单圈图作为基础图的所有定向单圈图中, 斜谱矩序最大的$2\lfloor\frac{g}{4}\rfloor+1$个图.     

六次PH曲线C~1 Hermite插值

本文讨论六次PH(pythagorean hodograph)曲线的Hermite插值问题.六次PH曲线可以分为两种类型,本文使用参数曲线的复数表示形式,分别给出这两类曲线的构造方法.在给定C1连续的Hermite条件下,需要指定一个自由参数以确定插值曲线,本文进一步阐述这个自由参数的几何意义.由于六次PH曲线是非正则曲线,对于第一类曲线,不易控制奇异点在曲线中的位置;而对于第二类曲线,奇异点可以在构造过程中显式地被指定,因此可以有效地避免其在特定曲线段上的出现.     

Pythagorean Hodograph C-曲线的几何构造方法

本文研究具有Pythogorean Hodograph (PH)性质的C Bézier曲线的几何性质.以PH C-曲线的代数性质为基础,应用平面参数曲线的复表示方法,本文证明一条C Bézier曲线是PH C-曲线的充分必要条件是其控制多边形的两内角相等,且其第2条边长为首末边长的等比中项.该性质与三次多项式PH曲线相类似,可以用于PHC-曲线的判别.此外,该性质可以很好地应用于解决PH C-曲线的Hermite插值问题,本文构造了PH C-曲线的G¹ Hermite插值实例,指出对于给定的G¹ Hermite端点条件,存在不超过2条PH C-曲线满足约束.     

三、四次曲线上特殊区间内的拉格朗日中值点

设三、四次曲线上有两个特殊点,对于三次曲线其中一个点为切点,另一个点为此点处的切线与曲线的交点,而对于四次曲线两个点为同一切线的切点.在以他们的横坐标为端点的闭区间上使用拉格朗日中值定理时会得到特殊点,由此给出了二个定理和三个推论     

具有可反测地线的$(\alpha,\beta)$-度量

本文我们得到了$(\alpha,\beta)$-度量的测地系数$G^{i}(x,y)$和其逆$G^{i}(x,-y)$有相同Douglas曲率的充分必要条件.这个充分必要条件恰好是$(\alpha,\beta)$-度量具有可反测地线的充分必要条件.     

基于函数值的有理三次插值样条曲线的区域控制

将插值曲线约束于给定的区域之内是曲线形状控制中的重要问题.构造了一种基于函数值的分母为三次的C~1连续有理三次插值样条.这种有理三次插值样条中含有二个调节参数,因而给约束控制带来了方便.对该种插值曲线的区域控制问题进行了研究,给出了将其约束于给定的折线、二次曲线之上、之下或之间的充分条件.最后给出了数值例子.     

一种构造三次PH曲线的几何方法

通过给出始末两点以及对应的切线与弦线,利用三次PH曲线控制多边形的边与角之间的几何关系,通过加入辅助线,用几何方法求出控制多边形的弦长,从而构造出满足初始条件的控制多边形.在此基础上求出满足条件的三次PH曲线,并给出了数值实例.     

圆锥曲线的三次有理多项式参数化

圆锥曲线重新参数化可以提高曲线参数的均匀性,且增强在拼接点处的光滑性.常用的参数化方法是采用一次有理多项式或二次有理多项式.采用三次有理多项式对圆锥曲线重新参数化,使曲线的次数由二次升到六次.以圆弧为例所得的实验结果袁明,在两段圆弧的公共点处的连续性为C~3,而且三次有理多项式参数化与弧长参数化的弦长偏差相比二次有理多项式参数化减小两个数量级.     

一种带参数的有理三次样条函数及其应用

构造了一种带参数的有理三次样条函数,它是标准三次样条函数的推广.选择合适的参数,该样条曲线比标准三次插值曲线更加逼近被插值曲线.参数还能局部调节曲线的形状,这给约束控制带来了方便.研究了该种插值曲线的区域控制问题.给出了将其约束于给定的二次曲线之上、之下或之间的充分条件.文中给出了两个数值例子.     

Interpolation by $G^2$ Quintic Pythagorean-Hodograph Curves

In this paper, the $G^2$ interpolation by Pythagorean-hodograph (PH) quintic curves in $\mathbb{R}^d$, $d ≥2$, is considered. The obtained results turn out as a useful tool in practical applications. Independently of the dimension $d$, they supply a $G^2$ quintic PH spline that locally interpolates two points, two tangent directions and two curvature vectors at these points. The interpolation problem considered is reduced to a system of two polynomial equations involving only tangent lengths of the interpolating curve as unknowns. Although several solutions might exist, the way to obtain the most promising one is suggested based on a thorough asymptotic analysis of the smooth data case. The numerical algorithm traces this solution from a particular set of data to the general case by a homotopy continuation method. Numerical examples confirm the efficiency of the proposed method.     

ISOGENOUS OF THE ELLIPTIC CURVES OVER THE RATIONALS

AbstractAn elliptic curve is a pair (E,O), where ?is a smooth projective curve of genus 1 and O is a point of E, called the point at infinity. Every elliptic curve can be given by a Weierstrass equationE:y2 a1xy a3y = x3 a2x2 a4x a6.Let Q be the set of rationals. E is said to be dinned over Q if the coefficients ai, i = 1,2,3,4,6 are rationals and O is defined over Q.Let E/Q be an elliptic curve and let E(Q)tors be the torsion group of points of E denned over Q. The theorem of Mazur asserts that E(Q)tors is one of the following 15 groupsE(Q)tors　Z/mZ, m = 1,2,..., 10,12,Z/2Z × Z/2mZ, m = 1,2,3,4.We say that an elliptic curve E'/Q is isogenous to the elliptic curve E if there is an isogeny, i.e. a morphism : E E' such that (O) = O, where O is the point at infinity.We give an explicit model of all elliptic curves for which E(Q)tors is in the form Z/mZ where m= 9,10,12 or Z/2Z × Z/2mZ where m = 4, according to Mazur's theorem. Morever, for every family of such elliptic curves, we give an explicit m     

New Trigonometric Basis Possessing Exponential Shape Parameters

Four new trigonometric Bernstein-like basis functions with two exponential shape parameters are constructed, based on which a class of trigonometric Bézier-like curves, analogous to the cubic Bézier curves, is proposed. The corner cutting algorithm for computing the trigonometric Bézier-like curves is given. Any arc of an ellipse or a parabola can be represented exactly by using the trigonometric Bézier-like curves. The corresponding trigonometric Bernstein-like operator is presented and the spectral analysis shows that the trigonometric Bézier-like curves are closer to the given control polygon than the cubic Bézier curves. Based on the new proposed trigonometric Bernstein-like basis, a new class of trigonometric B-spline-like basis functions with two local exponential shape parameters is constructed. The totally positive property of the trigonometric B-spline-like basis is proved. For different values of the shape parameters, the associated trigonometric B-spline-like curves can be $C^2$ ∩ $FC^3$ continuous for a non-uniform knot vector, and $C^3$ or $C^5$ continuous for a uniform knot vector. A new class of trigonometric Bézier-like basis functions over triangular domain is also constructed. A de Casteljau-type algorithm for computing the associated trigonometric Bézier-like patch is developed. The conditions for $G^1$ continuous joining two trigonometric Bézier-like patches over triangular domain are deduced.     

Hermite interpolation by Pythagorean hodograph curves of degree seven

Polynomial Pythagorean hodograph (PH) curves form a remarkable subclass of polynomial parametric curves; they are distinguished by having a polynomial arc length function and rational offsets (parallel curves). Many related references can be found in the article by Farouki and Neff on Hermite interpolation with PH quintics. We extend the Hermite interpolation scheme by taking additional curvature information at the segment boundaries into account. As a result we obtain a new construction of curvature continuous polynomial PH spline curves. We discuss Hermite interpolation of boundary data (points, first derivatives, and curvatures) with PH curves of degree 7. It is shown that up to eight possible solutions can be found by computing the roots of two quartic polynomials. With the help of the canonical Taylor expansion of planar curves, we analyze the existence and shape of the solutions. More precisely, for Hermite data which are taken from an analytical curve, we study the behaviour of the solutions for decreasing stepsize . It is shown that a regular solution is guaranteed to exist for sufficiently small stepsize , provided that certain technical assumptions are satisfied. Moreover, this solution matches the shape of the original curve; the approximation order is 6. As a consequence, any given curve, which is assumed to be (curvature continuous) and to consist of analytical segments can approximately be converted into polynomial PH form. The latter assumption is automatically satisfied by the standard curve representations of Computer Aided Geometric Design, such as Bézier or B-spline curves. The conversion procedure acts locally, without any need for solving a global system of equations. It produces polynomial PH spline curves of degree 7.

     

A Theorem on the Convexity of Planar Bezier Curves of Degree n

The puppose of this paper is to prove the following Theorem. If the polygon $\[{P_0}{P_1} \cdots {P_n}{P_0}\]$ formed by the characteristic polygon $\[{P_0}{P_1} \cdots {P_n}{P_0}\]$ of a planar Bezier curve is convex,then so is the Bezier curve. In the case that the angle of rotation from $\[\mathop {{P_0}P{}_1}\limits^ \to \]$ to $\[\mathop {{P_{n - 1}}P{}_n}\limits^ \to \]$ is not larger than \pi,we obtained the theorem by using certain properties of Bernstein polynomials.On the contrary,if the above angle of rotation is larger than \pi,then we cut the oringinal Bezier curve into two new Bezier curves,and prove that the new corresponding characteristic polygons are convex and angles of rotation betweenthe first edge and last edge of the both polygons are not larger than \pi,so that we reduce the latter case into the former discussed case.The theoremis proved. In the present paper we also discuss the distribution of the singular points and inflection points of a planar cubic Bezier curve in detais,and thence give a classification of planar cubic Bezier curves. This paper is prepared under the guidance of Professor Su Buchin.     

球面上的几何连续插值

In this paper, a new method for geometrically continuous interpolation in spheres is proposed. The method is entirely based on the spherical B′ezier curves defined by the generalized de Casteljau algorithm. Firstly we compute the tangent directions and curvature vectors at the endpoints of a spherical B′ezier curve. Then, based on the above results, we design a piecewise spherical B′ezier curve with G 1 and G 2 continuity. In order to get the optimal piecewise curve according to two different criteria, we also give a constructive method to determine the shape parameters of the curve. According to the method, any given spherical points can be directly interpolated in the sphere. Experimental results also demonstrate that the method performs well both in uniform speed and magnitude of covariant acceleration.