酶联免疫吸附法和液相色谱-质谱联用法分析海洋生物中记忆缺失性贝毒

采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)和液相色谱-质谱联用法(LC-MS)分析检测我国大连周边海域生物样品中的记忆缺失性贝毒(ASP)。实验结果表明,4个浮游生物样品和2个贝类样品中检出ASP,两种方法检测结果基本一致,相关系数为0.996。ELISA方法适合初步筛选阳性样品;LC-MS方法适合深入研究样品中的ASP结构信息。使用商业ELISA试剂盒以及LC-MS两种方法,证明在某些海域的浮游生物样品和贝类样品中含有ASP,报道了在浮游生物中存在记忆缺失性贝毒主要成分软骨藻酸。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测贝类产品中腹泻性贝类毒素

建立了贝类组织中2种腹泻性贝毒(Diamletic shellfish Poisobing,DSP)聚醚类毒素-大田软海绵酸(Okadaic acid,OA)和鳍藻毒素(Dinophysistoxin-1,DTX-1)的高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法.贝类样品经80%甲醇溶液提取,经正己烷脱脂和HLB固相萃取柱净化,采...     

液相色谱-串联质谱检测贝类组织中5种脂溶性贝毒素

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱分析贝类组织中米氏裸甲藻(GYM)贝毒素、螺环内酯毒素(SPX1)、大田软骨酸(OA)贝毒素、蛤毒素(PTX2)、原多甲藻酸(AZA1)贝毒素的方法.用甲醇-水(4: 1, V/V)溶液对贝类组织中GYM, SPX1, OA, PTX2和AZA1进行提取,MAX阴离子交换柱净化后,采用液相色谱分离,除OA以负离子选择反应监测外,GYM, SPX1, PTX2和AZA1以电喷雾离子源正离子选择反应监测模式进行质谱分析.5种脂溶性贝毒素GYM, SPX1, OA, PTX2和AZA1在各自相应浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数＞0.99.扇贝闭壳肌空白样品添加5种贝毒素的提取率均为78.6%～94.4%(n=6); 精密度(RSD)为6.8%～14.9%.贝类组织中5种贝毒素GYM, SPX1, OA, PTX2和AZA1的检出限分别为0.10, 0.21, 2.00, 0.32和0.04 μg/kg.     

液相色谱-高分辨质谱测定贝类中的4种贝毒素及16种兽药残留

建立了贝类组织中米氏裸甲藻贝毒素(Gymnodimine,GYM)、螺环内酯毒素(Spirolides,SPX1)、大田软骨酸贝毒素(Okadaic acid,OA-C)、蛤毒素(Pectenotoxins,PTX2)4种腹泻性贝类毒素、氯霉素、氟甲砜霉素以及14种磺胺类药物的液相色谱-高分辨质谱分析方法。样品采用甲醇提取,正己烷去除脂肪,乙酸乙酯反萃取,ODS粉分散固相萃取净化,经Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(3.0 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,高分辨质谱仪进行检测。结果表明,各化合物在一定的质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.99。GYM,SPX1,OA-C,PTX2 4种腹泻性贝类毒素的定量下限分别为0.5,0.1,2.0,0.5μg/kg,各化合物在低、中、高3个浓度加标水平下的回收率为70.1%~105.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为10.1%~14.8%。该方法具有简单、快速、灵敏等特点,能满足贝类产品中贝类毒素、抗生素的检测要求。     

液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱质谱法测定贝类中软骨藻酸

记忆缺失性贝类毒素(amnesicshellfishtoxin,简称.ASP)主要成分软骨藻酸(domoicacid,简称DA)是一种氨基酸类的生理活性物质(图1),因最早从红藻属的树枝软骨藻(chondriaarmata)分离出来而被命名为软骨藻酸。自1987年加拿大首次发生集体贝类食品中毒事件后,人们从赤潮藻类中的硅藻属(diatom)的多列尖刺菱形藻(nitzschpungensf.multiseries)中检测到了DA,随后,美国、加拿大、北欧一些国家,澳大利亚、日本等国先后从紫贻贝(myltilusedulis)、扇贝(pectenmaximus)、文蛤(callistachione)等贝类体内以及鲭鱼和石蟹的内脏中检测到了DA。鱼、贝通过滤食毒藻,将DA富积在体内,人类因食用被DA污染的鱼、贝而中毒,中毒症状包括恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻等,同时有晕眩、     

石墨烯-管尖固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定贝类中3种原多甲藻酸贝类毒素

本实验以石墨烯为吸附剂,制作了石墨烯-管尖固相萃取装置,结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)技术,建立了一种同时测定贝类中3种原多甲藻酸贝类毒素的分析方法。样品采用90%的甲醇提取,正己烷去脂,乙酸乙酯反萃取,石墨烯-管尖固相萃取净化,Kinetex XB-C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6μm)分离,在电喷雾正离子模式下,以选择反应监测方式测定,外标法定量。结果表明,贝类中3种原多甲藻酸毒素在1.0～100μg/kg的范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.99,定量限(LOQ)均为1.0μg/kg;在1.0μg/kg、5.0μg/kg和50μg/kg 3个加标水平的添加下,回收率在78.5%～102%之间,相对标准偏差小于15%。该方法具有灵敏、简单、快速等特点,适用于贝类水产品中3种原多甲藻酸毒素的分析检测。     

准静态扫集胶束电动毛细管色谱法测定扇贝样品中的贝类毒素

采用准静态扫集胶束电动毛细管色谱(MEKC)法测定了扇贝样品中的2种贝类毒素。毛细管内首先充满含十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的缓冲溶液,调节缓冲溶液的pH值,使电渗流等于SDS胶束的电泳流速,电动进样时,带正电荷的贝类毒素离子被SDS扫集吸附,由于SDS在毛细管内处于准静止状态,可使进样时间延长至320 s。与常规电动进样MEKC相比,石房蛤毒素和软骨藻酸的检测灵敏度分别提高950和810倍。该方法对石房蛤毒素和软骨藻酸的检出限分别为0.05,0.12 ng/m L。方法可实现对扇贝样品中2种贝类毒素的快速、灵敏检测。     

海产贝类脂溶性贝毒素的高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法及其食用安全性评价

针对海产贝类存在多种脂溶性贝毒素复合污染的现状,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术(HPLC-MS/MS)对海产贝类中的常见脂溶性贝毒素进行同步检测,结合多种毒素复合污染的风险评估方法,用于市售海产贝类的食用安全风险评价。结果表明,在选定的实验条件下,8种典型脂溶性贝毒素加标回收率在63.2%~88.8%之间,方法的精密度(相对标准偏差(RSD)≤14.5%)和灵敏度(检出限为0.5~2.7 ng/g)良好,能满足海产贝类样品的检测要求。在采集的105个市售海产贝类样品中,42.86%的样品中至少检出了一种脂溶性贝毒素,其中鳍藻毒素-1(DTX1)的含量均值最高,为47.6μg/kg,对海产贝类污染最严重。根据每日人均贝类摄入量(TDI)和各种脂溶性贝毒素的急性中毒参考剂量(ARf D),通过计算综合风险指数∑ERI进行市售海产贝类食用安全性评价,结果表明,在所检测的样品中,存在食用安全隐患和高风险的市售海产贝类比率为19.05%,其中扇贝的食用安全风险最大。本研究建立的基于海产贝类中脂溶性贝毒素物质组复合污染的风险评价方法,与欧盟的海产品贝毒素限量标准评价方法(单指标法)相比更加严格,可以使贝类食用者更好地规避中毒风险。     

药物中磺酸酯类基因毒性杂质测定方法研究进展

介绍磺酸酯类基因毒性杂质的分析方法,包括高效液相色谱法、液相色谱-质谱联用法、气相色谱法和气相色谱-质谱联用法等。高效液相色谱法操作简单,应用广泛,能实现绝大多数化合物的分离、分析;液相色谱-质谱联用法具有灵敏度高、准度高、特异性高等特点;气相色谱应用于易分离气体和易挥发的成分的检测,灵敏度高,专属性强;气相色谱-质谱联用法具有分析速度快、分离效能好、灵敏度高、选择性强的特点。开发通用、简便、灵敏度高的分析检测方法,为更好地监测磺酸酯类基因毒性杂质提供理论参考。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定双壳类水产品中原多甲藻酸类贝类毒素

建立了双壳类水产品中原多甲藻酸贝类毒素Azaspiracid 1(AZA1)、Azaspiracid 2(AZA2)和Azaspir-acid 3(AZA3)的液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱检测方法。选用具有基质代表性的扇贝、牡蛎和杂色蛤为研究对象,样品经80%甲醇-水混合溶液提取,正己烷脱脂、氯仿反提萃取并旋转蒸发浓缩后,MAX混合型阴离子交换反相吸附固相萃取柱净化,Luna C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.0 mm,5μm,Phenomenex公司)反相液相色谱法分离,乙腈和0.1%甲酸溶液组成的流动相梯度洗脱,正离子扫描,多反应监测(MRM)模式下电喷雾串联质谱法测定和确证,外标法定量。结果表明,3种原多甲藻酸类贝类毒素均在4 min内出峰,检出限均为1.5μg/kg,在0.3～30μg/L范围内线性良好,平均回收率大于80%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于12%(n=6)。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.