Cu助剂的加入方式对铁基催化剂F-T合成性能的影响

采用不同的沉淀方式与喷雾干燥成型技术相结合的方法制备了系列微球状FeCuK/SiO2催化剂,结合H2-TPR和M(o)ssbauer谱等表征手段,研究Cu助剂的加入方式对铁基催化剂物相结构、还原和碳化行为以及F-T合成性能的影响.催化剂在浆态床反应器中以接近F-T合成实际工况条件(250℃、1.5 MPa、H2/CO=...     

焙烧温度对含Mg助剂的铁基催化剂F-T合成反应性能的影响

采用连续共沉淀和喷雾干燥技术相结合的方法制备了Mg助剂的Fe/Cu/K/SiO2催化剂,采用N2物理吸附、XRD、MES 和H2-TPR等表征手段,考察了焙烧温度对催化剂比表面积、体相结构和还原性能的影响。结果表明,随着焙烧温度的升高,催化剂的比表面积降低,平均孔径增大,体相中α-Fe2O3晶粒逐渐增大,催化剂变的越来越难还原,其结构更加稳定。在H2/CO （摩尔比）= 2.2、250 ℃、2.0 MPa和2 000 h－1于固定床反应器考察了焙烧温度对该催化剂F-T合成反应性能的影响,结果表明,随着焙烧温度的升高,催化剂的F-T合成反应活性降低,在运行过程中反应活性逐渐增加直至达到平稳,但达到平稳所需的诱导期越来越长;提高焙烧温度使烃产物分布向重质烃方向转移,有利于降低CH4的选择性,促进重质烃的生成。     

一步合成二甲醚催化剂烧结失活和原位再生的研究

采用共沉淀沉积法制备了CuOZnOAl2O3/γ Al2O3 HZSM 5复合催化剂,考察了其对CO加氢直接合成二甲醚的催化性能,研究了催化剂的失活和再生,并用H2-TPR、XRD、TPO、N2O化学吸附等表征方法对反应前后和再生后催化剂的物化性质进行了表征。结果表明,一步合成二甲醚催化剂的失活主要是由于活性位Cu晶粒的烧结长大;反应温度和原料气的组成是影响催化剂失活的因素,在低于220℃下,以N2/H2/CO/CO2为原料气会显著降低催化剂的失活速率。研究使用的氧化还原循环的再生方法能够使Cu晶粒发生再分散,并使失活的催化剂恢复了75%以上的活性。     

金掺杂对碳负载钯催化还原性能的促进作用

在许多催化应用中双金属的PdAu催化剂性能优于单金属催化剂.科研人员对具有可控纳米结构和高活性的PdAu催化剂进行了广泛的研究,但该催化剂的制备需要多步且通常步骤复杂.本文仅通过浸渍和焙烧制得了Au掺杂的负载型Pd催化剂,所得PdAu/C催化剂用于室温水相三氯乙烯加氢脱氯反应.当Pd和Au负载量分别为1.0 wt%和1.1 wt%时,在经过干燥、空气处理和H2还原的过程后，所制得的PdAu/C催化剂活性最高,初始转化频率(TOF)为34.0×10–2 molTCEmolPd–1 s–1,是单金属1.0 wt%Pd/C催化剂TOF (2.2×10–2 molTCEmolPd–1 s–1)的15倍以上. X射线吸收光谱结果表明,金的加入避免了400oC焙烧时Pd的氧化.本文还提出了可能的催化剂纳米结构演变路径,以解释所观察到的催化现象.     

Aromatization ofn-butane over Ni-ZSM-5 and Cu-ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts prepared by using Ni and Cu impregnated silica, fiber

The reaction ofn-butane aromatization was carried out over Ni-ZSM-5 and Cu-ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts prepared by using Ni and Cu impregnated silica fiber during the process of ZSM-5 zeolite synthesis. The catalysts prepared were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, nitrogen adsorption and X-ray fluorescency. The acidic properties of the catalysts were investigated by temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia using a mass spectrometer equipped with a QTMD detector. The effect of catalyst pretreatment, reaction temperature, and time on stream on the reaction ofn-butane to aromatic hydrocarbons were investigated. The modification of ZSM-5 by Ni and Cu increased the selectivity to aromatic hydrocarbons. The state of Ni and Cu and their stabilization in the ZSM-5 structure was highly influenced by the mode of catalyst pretreatments.     

模板沉淀法制备高比表面积MnOx-CeO2催化剂及其CO低温氧化活性

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂, Ce(NO3)3和Mn(NO3)2为前驱体, 通过沉淀法制备了一系列晶粒小于5 nm的高比表面积MnOx-CeO2催化剂, 并考察了催化剂的CO氧化反应性能. 采用XRD、Raman光谱、TPR和N2气吸附脱附等手段对催化剂的比表面积、晶粒大小和物相组成进行了表征. 当Mn摩尔分数≤34%时, 催化剂的比表面积在160~170 m2/g之间; 当锰含量进一步提高后, 催化剂的比表面积呈下降趋势. 当Mn摩尔分数≤34%时, XRD只检测到CeO2物相, 而Raman光谱则检测到α-Mn2O3的存在. 催化剂上表现出较好的CO氧化活性, 这主要归因于高比表面积. 随着锰含量的增加, 催化剂的轻化频率(TOF)下降, 表明高分散、小晶粒的氧化锰物种是催化剂的活性物种. H2-TPR结果表明, 催化剂的CO氧化活性还与催化剂中高价锰物种有关. 焙烧温度升高使催化剂的晶粒增大、比表面积减小, 同时催化剂中锰的平均价态降低, 导致CO氧化活性下降.     

New Cu-based catalysts supported on TiO2 films for Ullmann S(N)Ar-type C-O coupling reactions

New routes for the preparation of highly active TiO(2)-supported Cu and CuZn catalysts have been developed for C-O coupling reactions. Slurries of a titania precursor were dip-coated onto glass beads to obtain either structured mesoporous or non-porous titania thin films. The Cu and CuZn nanoparticles, synthesized using a reduction by solvent method, were deposited onto calcined films to obtain a Cu loading of 2 wt%. The catalysts were characterized by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy, temperature-programmed oxidation/reduction (TPO/TPR) techniques, (63)Cu nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM-EDX) and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS). The activity and stability of the catalysts obtained have been studied in the C-O Ullmann coupling of 4-chloropyridine and potassium phenolate. The titania-supported nanoparticles retained catalyst activity for up to 12 h. However, catalyst deactivation was observed for longer operation times due to oxidation of the Cu nanoparticles. The oxidation rate could be significantly reduced over the CuZn/TiO(2) catalytic films due to the presence of Zn. The 4-phenoxypyridine yield was 64% on the Cu/nonporous TiO(2) at 120 °C. The highest product yield of 84% was obtained on the Cu/mesoporous TiO(2) at 140 °C, corresponding to an initial reaction rate of 104 mmol g(cat) (-1) s(-1). The activation energy on the Cu/mesoporous TiO(2) catalyst was found to be (144±5) kJ mol(-1), which is close to the value obtained for the reaction over unsupported CuZn nanoparticles (123±3 kJ mol(-1)) and almost twice the value observed over the catalysts deposited onto the non-porous TiO(2) support (75±2 kJ mol(-1)).     

碳纳米管负载Cu-Co复合氧化物的富氢气氛中CO催化消除

采用超声处理辅助浸渍法制备了多壁碳纳米管负载的Cu-Co复合氧化物催化剂. 利用XRD、TEM、H2-TPR、XPS和Raman光谱等表征了催化剂的结构性质. 在Cu和Co氧化物以及金属氧化物与碳纳米管载体间存在强相互作用. 催化剂在富氢气氛中CO催化消除反应中,与单一Cu或Co催化剂相比,Cu-Co复合氧化物催化剂表现出独特的反应特性,特别是在较高反应温度下可同时结合CO优先氧化和CO甲烷化的反应途径来实现高效CO消除. 当Cu/Co比为1/8时活性最优,可以实现在150-250℃和高反应空速 （120 L/（h·g））富氢气氛中CO的完全消除.     

山西芮城永乐宫元代天花、藻井研究*

采用不同方法制备了一系列Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂,在无NH_3、无碱条件下对其己二腈催化加氢制1,6-己二胺的反应性能进行研究.通过XRD、 BET、 TEM、 XPS及程序升温实验等结果表明,采用沉淀剂有利于细小Ni纳米颗粒在催化剂介孔内的分散。然而较强的Ni与载体间相互作用不利于氢气的吸附活化,还原处理后催化剂中仍存在较高含量的氧化态Ni物种.采用浸渍法制备的Ni/Al_2O_3-I催化剂中颗粒的平均尺寸为18.5 nm, Ni颗粒暴露在载体表面,生成较高含量的还原态Ni0物种及有利于反应物吸附的中等强度酸性位点.该Ni/Al_2O_3-I催化剂表现出优良的低温活性,在60℃时,己二腈转化频率(TOF)可达39.7 h~(-1);80℃时转化率为100%, 1,6-己二胺收率可达73.0%.然而,由于Ni/Al_2O_3-I催化剂中Ni与Al_2O_3间相互作用较弱,经过3次循环性能测试,催化剂活性明显下降.进一步以少量Cu元素修饰低含量Ni/Al_2O_3-I催化剂, Cu助剂的引入有效改善了Ni纳米颗粒的分散性,并与部分Ni组分形成双金属纳米颗粒.Ni_(15)Cu_3/Al_2O_3催化剂经5次循环反应后无明显失活现象,催化剂的形貌及化学结构亦无明显变化, Cu的引入在保持Ni基催化剂低温活性的同时有效提升了催化剂的循环稳定性,催化剂的TOF为52.1 h~(-1).     

溶剂化金属原子浸渍法制备高分散负载型催化剂(Ⅶ)——Ni-Cu/SiO2双金属催化剂的结构与性能

利用金属蒸气法制备了不同组成的Nj-CujSiO₂双金属催化剂,XRD、TEM和磁性测定表明有Ni-Cu合金形成,合金颗粒的组成不均匀,而且有部分自由的Ni和Cu存在;Ni/Cu摩尔比为1:1催化剂的催化活性大于2:1和3:1的双金属催化剂以及Ni和Cu的单金属催化剂。     

Ir/CeO2催化剂的表征和CO氧化性能

采用浸渍法制备了Ir/CeO2催化剂,考察了催化剂的CO氧化活性。随着Ir负载量的增加,Ir/CeO2催化剂的CO氧化活性先上升后下降,当Ir的负载量为1%时,催化剂的活性最高。Ir/CeO2催化剂中Ir以IrO2的形式存在,当低负载量(≤1%)时以高分散形式存在;高负载量(>1%)时以晶相IrO2的形式存在。随着Ir负载量增加,Ir粒子逐渐变大,反应比速率和反应转换频率(TOF)逐渐下降,表明小粒子上具有更高的CO反应活性。同时也发现金属态Ir催化剂的CO氧化活性高于氧化态IrOx催化剂。     

含骨架铁ZSM-5的合成及其负载Pt催化剂在正十二烷脱氢反应中的催化性能

采用水热合成法使铁进入分子筛MFI骨架结构,成功合成出含骨架铁的分子筛Na-[Fe]-ZSM-5,并通过离子交换法负载Pt制备脱氢催化剂Pt/Na-[Fe]-ZSM-5。通过正十二烷脱氢反应,研究了该催化剂对长链烷烃脱氢制单烯烃反应的催化性能。采用N2吸附-脱附测试、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、吡啶吸附的红外光谱(Py-IR)、CO化学吸附、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等不同方法对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,通过控制骨架铁含量可调控催化剂表面酸性;含骨架铁的ZSM-5分子筛载体具有抑制负载金属晶粒长大,保持金属高分散度的作用;其负载铂催化剂Pt/Na-[Fe]ZSM-5-50具有表面弱酸中心(0.69 mmol·g^-1)和高分散Pt中心,因而具有良好的长链烷烃脱氢活性、稳定性和单烯烃选择;在转化率稳定在~20%时,TOF为4.56 s^-1,单烯烃选择性为92.7%;在实验范围内,Pt/Na-[Fe]ZSM-5催化剂表面弱酸量和脱氢反应的本征活性(TOF)均随催化剂铁含量的增加而增加。     

介孔碳负载高分散Fe-P催化剂的制备及其催化硝基苯加氢性能研究

开发低成本和高性能的加氢催化剂对于基础研究和工业应用具有重要意义。采用浸渍-热解策略，将Fe3+-植酸的络合物负载到介孔碳（MPC）表面热解处理，实现了一步法合成磷掺杂碳负载金属催化剂，并可通过调节Fe和植酸比例制得一系列具有不同结构的Fe-P/MPC催化剂。结合XPS、XRD、BET、SEM和TEM等表征技术，发现高分散的Fe-P催化剂（0.1Fe-P/MPC）具有最优的硝基苯加氢催化活性（TOF = 334 h-1），相较于单原子Fe1-P-C催化剂，活性提升了约7倍，同时该催化剂也展现出较高的稳定性，循环使用5次活性未见明显下降；而纳米金属磷化物Fe2P（0.5Fe-P/MPC）则几乎没有加氢活性。     

焙烧温度对Pd-Cu/凹凸棒土CO常温催化氧化性能的影响

以凹凸棒土(APT)作载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了Pd-Cu/APT催化剂,以CO氧化为探针反应,在连续流动微反装置上,考察了焙烧温度对催化剂CO常温催化氧化性能的影响。通过N2-物理吸附、XRD、TG、FT-IR和H2-TPR等手段对催化剂的结构和性质进行了表征。结果表明,随焙烧温度升高,Pd-Cu/APT中载体逐步脱水,进而引起催化剂结构和织构变化,其中,Cu物种由Cu(OH)Cl逐渐向CuO转变,同时,高分散的Pd物种与Cu物种间相互作用先增强后减弱。经300℃焙烧的催化剂比表面积大,Cu物种以Cu(OH)Cl形式存在,且具有良好的分散状态,与Pd物种之间产生较强的相互作用,显著提高了其还原性能。在空速6 000 h-1、CO体积分数0.5%、水蒸气体积分数3.3%的反应条件下,常温可将CO完全转化800 min以上。焙烧温度高于或低于300℃均引起CO常温催化氧化性能的下降。     

Aqueous-phase catalytic hydrogenation of furfural to cyclopentanol over Cu-Mg-Al hydrotalcites derived catalysts: Model reaction for upgrading of bio-oil

A series of Cu-Mg-Al hydrotalcites derived oxides with a (Cu+Mg)/Al mole ratio of 3 and varied Cu/Mg mole ratio (from 0.07 to 0.30) were prepared by co-precipitation and calcination methods, then they were introduced to the hydrogenation of furfural in aqueous-phase. Effects of Cu/Mg mole ratio, reaction temperature, initial hydrogen pressure, reaction time and catalyst amount on the conversion rate of furfural as well as the selectivity toward desired product cyclopentanol were systematically investigated. The conversion of furfural over calcined hydrotalcite catalyst with a Cu/Mg mole ratio of 0.2 was up to 98.5% when the reaction was carried out under 140 °C and the initial hydrogen pressure of 4 MPa for 10 h, while the selectivity toward cyclopentanol was up to 94.8%. The catalysts were characterized by XRD and SEM. XRD diffraction of all the samples showed characteristic pattern of hydrotalcite with varied peak intensity as a result of different Cu content. The catalytic activity was improved gradually with the increase of Cu component in the hydrotalcite.     

Polar phase hydroformylation: the dramatic effect of water on mono- and dirhodium catalysts

The addition of 30% water (by volume) to acetone creates a remarkably effective polar phase solvent system for a dicationic dirhodium tetraphosphine hydroformylation catalyst. The initial turnover frequency (TOF) increases by 265% (to 73 min-1) for the hydroformylation of 1-hexene relative to the initial TOF in pure acetone (20 min-1). The aldehyde linear to branched (L:B) ratio increases to 33:1, and alkene isomerization and hydrogenation side reactions are essentially eliminated. Comparisons with monometallic rhodium catalysts based on PPh3, Bisbi, Naphos, and Xantphos ligands demonstrate that this polar-phase bimetallic catalyst is one of the fastest and most selective hydroformylation systems known under these mild conditions (90 degrees C, 6.2 bar H2/CO). The monometallic catalysts also show rate enhancements (although considerably smaller) in water-acetone, but Rh-Xantphos does show a large increase of 115%, with considerably reduced alkene isomerization side reactions. The dramatic effect of water on the dirhodium catalyst system is believed to be due to simple inhibition of the fragmentation of the catalytically active species into inactive mono- and bimetallic complexes.     

Isobutane Dehydrogenation Assisted by CO2 over Silicalite‐1‐Supported ZnO Catalysts: Influence of Support Crystallite Size

The ZnO catalysts supported on Silicalite‐1 zeolites with different crystallite sizes (0.08, 0.35, 1 and 1.7 μm, respectively) and 5% Zn were synthesized via an incipient wetness method. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N₂ adsorption, SEM, TEM‐EDX, DRIFT spectra and NH₃‐TPD, and their catalytic performance in isobutane dehydrogenation assisted by CO₂ was investigated. The catalytic activity is strongly dependent on the crystallite size of Silicalite‐1 support. The ZnO/S‐1‐0.35 catalyst with ca. 0.35 μm crystallite size displays the highest activity, affording an initial isobutane conversion of 51.0% and 74.5% isobutene selectivity. This can be attributed to a higher amount of acid sites present on this catalyst as well as the largest amount of nest silanols possessed by the S‐1‐0.35 support.     

Degradation of substituted phenols with different oxygen sources catalyzed by Co(II) and Cu(II) phthalocyanine complexes

Research on substituted phenol degradations has received substantial attention. In this work, effective Co(II) and Cu(II) phthalocyanine complexes as catalysts were studied to degrade toxic phenols to harmless products. The effect of various process parameters, such as initial concentration of phenol, catalyst, oxygen sources, and temperature on the degradation reaction was investigated to achieve maximum degradation efficiency. The catalytic activities of Co(II) and Cu(II) phthalocyanines were evaluated for oxidation of phenolic compounds such as p-nitrophenol, o-chlorophenol, 2,3-dichlorophenol, and m-methoxyphenol. Co(II) phthalocyanine displayed good catalytic performance in degradation of 2,3-dichlorophenol to 2,3-dichlorobenzaldehyde and 2,3-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone with the highest TON and TOF values within 3?h at 50?°C. The fate of catalyst during the degradation process was followed by UV–Vis spectroscopy.     

甲醇水蒸气重整制氢Cu/ZnO/Al2O3催化剂的研究

燃料电池作为一种无污染、高效率的能源引起世界各大汽车公司的广泛关注[1,2]。用于燃料电池的燃料目前研究较多的是氢气,用氢气作燃料存在储存、安全、运输等问题,寻求合适贮氢方法或替代燃料,实现车载制氢是解决问题的办法。甲醇作为液体燃料,因具有高能量密度,低碳含量,以及运输和贮存等优势成为车载制氢的理想燃料,甲醇水蒸气重整制氢反应也成为研究的热点[3～10]。车载制氢对甲醇水蒸气重整制氢反应体系中的产氢速率,氢气和CO的含量都有一定的要求。尤其对CO含量要求更为苛刻,因CO易引起燃料电池阳极催化剂中毒[11,12]。因此,开…     

Effects of the Calcination and Reduction Conditions on a Cu/ZnO Methanol Synthesis Catalyst

The CuO crystallite size of the catalysts obtained from aurichalcite greatly depends on the heating rate of calcination for highly active and selective Cu/ZnO catalyst was prepared by reduction with methanol at 443 K for 17 h.