HAsS2异构体结构与稳定性

在MP2/6-311++G(d,p)和QCISD(t)/6-311++G(3df,2p)(单点)水平下计算得到9个异构体和10个过渡态的HAsS₂体系势能面.异构体cis-HSAsS(E1)的能量最低,其次是trans-HSAsS(E2)、具有AsSS三元环的立体HAs(S)S(C_{s,E3)和HAs(S)S(C2v,E4)结构的异构体,能量分别比cis-HSAsS高1.46,60.78和93.63kJ/mol.根据体系的势能面,异构体E1,E2,E3和E4具有一定的动力学稳定性.AsH和S2第一步反应产物将会异构化为具有较高动力学稳定性的异构体E3,而SH和AsS第一步反应产物将会异构化为E1.计算结果与HNO2,HNS2,HPO2,HPS2和HAsO2等价电子相同的分子的势能面进行了比较.}     

范德华复合物Kr-C2H2的势能面和振转光谱的理论研究

采用[CCSD（T）]-F12方法和aug-cc-pVTZ基组,同时引入中心键函数（3s3p2d1f1g）构建了Kr-C₂H₂体系的高精度四维势能面.在构建势能面时考虑了分子间的振动方式及C₂H₂单体内的ν₁对称伸缩和ν₃反对称伸缩振动.将计算得到的四维势能面在Q₁方向和Q₃方向分别做积分得到C₂H₂单体分别处于振动基态和（ν₁,ν₃）=（1,1）激发态的平均势能面.计算结果表明,这2个平均势能面均存在2个等价的T型全局极小值和2个等价线性极小值.全局极小值的几何构型位于R=0.41 nm,θ=65.6°/114.4°,势阱深度为151.88 cm^-1.对径向部分采用离散变量表象法（DVR）,角度部分采用有限基组表象法（FBR）,并结合Lanczos循环算法计算了Kr-C₂H₂的振转能级和束缚态.计算结果表明,复合物在（ν₁,ν₃）=（1,1）区域的带心位移为-1.48 cm^-1,表现为红移,与实验值-1.38 cm^-1很接近;计算得到的红外跃迁频率也与实验值相吻合,说明得到的从头算势能面具有高精度.     

2-甲基噻吩光异构化成3-甲基噻吩的理论研究

用CASSCF方法以6-31G基组研究了2-甲基噻吩光异构化为3-甲基噻吩的光化学反应和基态(S₀)及三重激发态(T₁)的相关势能面.反应主要发生在三重态(T₁)上,其间经历了两个双自由基,1个三元环中间体及4个过渡态.沿着反应路径找到了2个T₁/S₀势能面交叉点,其结构都类似于双自由基.在第二个T₁/S₀势能面交叉点附近由T₁向S₀的系间窜越(ISC)最为有利.     

复合物Kr-CS2的一个新的四维的势能面及其红外光谱的预测

用高精度的量子化学从头算方法构建了Kr-CS₂体系的精确的四维势能面.对该势能面不仅考虑了分子间的振动方式,而且考虑了单体CS₂分子内的ν₁对称伸缩和ν₃反对称伸缩.采用了量子化学超分子方法在[CCSD（T）]-F12水平上构建了从头算势能面.将得到的四维势能面作积分,便得到CS₂处于振动基态和激发态的复合物平均势能面,这两个态的势能面均有一个T型的全局最小值和两个相等的线性极小值.还通过径向部分采用离散变量表象法（DVR）和角度部分采用有限基组表象法（FBR）结合Lanczos循环算法对Kr-CS₂复合物的振转能级进行了计算,对光谱常数进行了预测.另外,也预测了Kr-CS₂复合物的带心位移（-1.2357 cm^-1）.     

HCO+NO2反应势能面的理论研究

在B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)和CCSD(T)/6-311G(d,p)水平上给出了HCO+NO₂反应详细的势能面信息.计算结果表明,该反应采用两种无垒进攻方式,分别得到两种加合物H(O)CNO₂和H(O)CONO.找到7种能量低于反应物且合理的产物及相应的反应路径.通过对热力学和动力学的分析,产物HONO+CO(P2,P3),HNO+CO₂(P1)和H+CO₂+NO(P6)的形成更为有利.计算结果同实验相符,且有助于深入了解HCO自由基的化学行为.     

SO2基态势能面和振转能级的理论研究

在键长-键角坐标下,精确求解SO₂的核振动方程,并通过与实验数据比较来优化势能参数,由所得势能面计算得到38个振动能级,与实验值相比,均方根误差为0.93cm^-1.计算了³⁴SO₂的部分振动能级以及³²SO₂的J=6以下的部分振动能级,所得结果均与实验值较为吻合     

Ne-CO2的从头算势能面及微波光谱

采用三重激发校正的耦合簇[CCSD(T)]方法和大基组计算了范德华复合物Ne-CO2的分子间势能面. 分子间相互作用能的计算采用考虑了基组重叠误差修正的超分子方法. 计算结果表明, 该势能面有两个极小值点, 分别对应T形构型和线性Ne-OCO构型. 采用离散变量表象(DVR)方法及Lanczos算法计算了Ne-CO2的振转能级. 计算结果表明, 体系势能面支持22个振动束缚态. 计算得到的微波光谱的跃迁频率与实验值吻合得很好.     

P5H6+和P5Me6+全反式构象的理论研究

用HF和MP2两种从头算方法结合cc-pVDZ和cc-pVTZ两种基组对P5H6 及其甲基取代物P5Me6 的反式构象进行理论计算,各限制优化出11个反式构象.进而分别得到其构象势能面曲线,P5H6 势能面曲线是单调平滑的,其上只有一个稳定点(3T4)和一个过渡态(4T3),说明3T4构象是势能面上的全局最小点.而P5Me6 势能面曲线与P5H6 大致相同,不同的是在势能面曲线中还存在另一个稳定点,在HF或MP2用cc-pVDZ基组时为2E(φ=216°),在HF/cc-pVTZ时为2T1(φ=198°),并且,3T4和2E的能量非常接近.最后将这两势能面与四氢呋喃进行了比较.     

Xe-N2O复合物的分子间势能面和振转光谱的理论研究

采用CCSD(T)方法研究了范德华分子体系Xe—N2O复合物的势能面和振转光谱性质,研究表明,该势能面有两个极小点,分别对应T构型和线性Xe—ONN构型,采用离散变量表象和Lanczos算法计算了体系的振转能级,计算结果表明,CCSD(T)势能面支持97个振动束缚态,并对能级进行了指认,计算得到的Xe—N2O转动跃迁频率与实验值吻合得很好。     

C-H键活化反应的密度泛函理论模拟对简化模型的评估

采用密度泛函理论方法, 模拟了Rh(PPh₃)₃Cl催化的C-H键活化/C-C键偶联反应. 将反应机理分为C-H键活化、 迁移插入和还原消除3个过程进行讨论. 计算结果表明, 势能面的最高点为迁移插入的过渡态, 相对于初始原料的自由能为108.3 kJ/mol. 为了探索简化计算模型对模拟反应机理的影响, 使用2种模型催化剂Rh(PMe₃)₃Cl和Rh(PH₃)₃Cl表征相同的反应过程, 结果表明配体简化模型不合理, 主要是因为PPh₃配体的空间效应和熵效应非常明显.     

Theoretical studies of the N2O van der Waals dimer: ab initio potential energy surface, intermolecular vibrations and rotational transition frequencies

Theoretical studies of the potential energy surface and bound states were performed for the N(2)O dimer. A four-dimensional intermolecular potential energy surface (PES) was constructed at the CCSD(T) level with aug-cc-pVTZ basis set supplemented with bond functions. Three co-planar local minima were found on this surface. They correspond to a nonpolar isomer with slipped-antiparallel planar structure and two equivalent polar isomers with slipped-parallel planar structures. The nonpolar isomer is energetically more stable than the polar ones by 162 cm(-1). To assign the fundamental vibrational frequencies for both isomers, more than 150 vibrational bound states were calculated based on this PES. The orientation of the nodal surface of the wave functions plays an important role in the assignment of disrotation and conrotation vibrational modes. The calculated vibrational frequencies are in good agreement with the available experimental data. We have also found a quantum tunneling effect between the two equivalent polar structures in the higher vibrational excited states. Rotational transition frequencies of the polar structure were also calculated. The accuracy of the PES is validated by the good agreement between theoretical and experimental results for the transition frequencies and spectroscopic parameters.     

He-N2O的从头算势能面及振转能级

采用超分子MP4方法和较大的基组计算得到了He-N₂O体系的分子间势能面,发现该势能面有3个极小值点,分别对应T形构型及两个线性He-ONN和He-NNO构型.同时采用离散变量表象方法预测了体系的振转能级,计算结果表明,MP4势能面支持5个振动束缚态.     

Ab initio intermolecular potential energy surface, bound states, and microwave spectra for the van der Waals complex Ne-HCCCN

We report two ab initio intermolecular potential energy surfaces for Ne-HCCCN using a supermolecular method. The calculations were performed at the fourth-order M?ller-Plesset (MP4) and the coupled cluster singles-and-doubles with noniterative inclusion of connected triples [CCSD(T)] levels with the full counterpoise correction for the basis set superposition error and a large basis set including bond functions. The complex was found to have a planar T-shaped structure minimum and a linear minimum with the Ne atom facing the H atom. The two-dimensional discrete variable representation method was employed to calculate the rovibrational bound states. In addition, the microwave spectra including intensities for the ground vibrational state were predicted. The results show that the spectrum is dominated by b-type (DeltaK(a) = +/-1) transitions with very weak a-type (DeltaK(a) = 0) transitions. The calculated results at the CCSD(T) potential are in good agreement with those at MP4 potential.     

Vibrational spectra and conformations of 1,4-cyclohexadiene and its oxygen analogues: ab initio and density functional calculations

The vibrational spectra and ring-puckering potential energy functions of 1,4-cyclohexadiene, 4H-pyran and 1,4-dioxin have been examined using a density functional theory (DFT) method as well as the Hartree–Fock (HF) and second-order Møller–Plesset (MP2) methods. The calculated vibrational frequencies and potential energy functions of those molecules have been compared with previously reported experimental data and MM3 results. For all three molecules, the DFT method using Becke's three-parameter functional (B3LYP) has led to the prediction of more accurate vibrational frequencies than the HF and MP2 methods. The enlargement of the basis set at the B3LYP levels has improved the accuracy of calculated vibrational frequencies. In particular, the C–O–C=C torsional force field parameters obtained from the B3LYP method have correctly predicted the ring-puckering potential energy functions of the oxygen-containing analogues, 4H-pyran and 1,4-dioxin, which could not be done by the MM3 method.     

Theoretical study of potential energy surface and vibrational spectra of ArF2 system

An ab initio potential energy surface (PES) of ArF2 system has been obtained by using MP4 calculation with a large basis set including bond functions. There are two local minimums on the PES: one is T-shaped and the other is L-shaped. The L-shaped minimum is the global minimum with a well depth of -119.62 cm- 1 at R = 0.3883nm. The T-shaped minimum has a well depth of -85.93cm -1 at R = 0.3486 nm. A saddle point is found at R = 0.3486 and θ = 61° with the well depth of -61.53 cm-1. The vibrational energy levels have been calculated by using VSCF-CI method. The results show that this PES supports 27 vibrational bound states, and the ground states are two degenerate states assigned to the L-type vibration.     

Density functional and spin-orbit ab initio study of CF3Br: molecular properties and electronic curve crossing

Quantum chemical calculations of CF(3)Br and the CF(3) radical are performed using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT). Molecular structures, vibrational frequencies, dipole moment, bond dissociation energy, and vertical excitation energies of CF(3)Br are calculated and compared with available experimental results. The performance of six hybrid and five hybrid meta functionals in DFT and TDDFT calculations are evaluated. The ωB97X, B3PW91, and M05-2X functionals give very good results for molecular structures, vibrational frequencies, and vertical excitation energies, respectively. The ωB97X functional calculates well the dipole moment of CF(3)Br. B3LYP, one of the most widely used functionals, does not perform well for calculations of the C-Br bond length, bond dissociation energy, and vertical excitation energies. Potential energy curves of the low-lying excited states of CF(3)Br are obtained using the multiconfigurational spin-orbit ab initio method. The crossing point between 2A(1) and 3E states is located near the C-Br bond length of 2.45 ?. Comparison with CH(3)Br shows that fluorination does not alter the location of the crossing point. The relation between the calculated potential energy curves and recent experimental result is briefly discussed.     

气相硝酸及过氧亚硝酸的结构和光电子能谱

采用了B3LYP方法和6-311G(d) 基组，并辅以MP2方法详细地计算了硝酸(HONO2)和过氧亚硝酸(HOONO)及相应正离子的各种可能构象、能量、振动频率等，分析了它们的相对稳定性、电离势、光电子能谱，探讨了用光电子能谱去探测HOONO的可能性.结构优化结果表明， HOONO和HOONO＋均有三种稳定的构象， HOONO有三个一阶鞍点的结构.作出了HOONO和HOONO＋的能量随O－O键旋转的变化曲线图，定性地讨论了可能存在的物种以及各构象之间几何结构的变化.     

Isotope effects in hydrogen-bonded complexes. Calculation of geometrical and vibrational characteristics of asymmetric isotopologues of [F(HF)2]-

The geometrical and vibrational characteristics of isolated H-bonded anionic complexes [FHFDF](-), [FHFTF](-), and [FDFTF](-) are calculated quantum-mechanically. The four-dimensional anharmonic vibrational problems are solved by the variational method using the potential energy and dipole moment surfaces calculated in the MP2/6-311++G(3df,3pd) approximation with the basis set superposition error taken into account. Changes in the bond lengths of molecular fragments LF (L = H, D, T) and in the distances between the F(-) anion and the centers of mass of LF are used as the vibrational coordinates. For each isotopologue, the vibrational energy levels, the transition frequencies and absolute intensities for the H-bond and L-F stretching vibrations are determined. To study the isotope effects on the geometrical parameters, the values of internuclear separations and the asymmetry parameter of the F(-)···L-F bridges, averaged over the ground state and several excited vibrational states, are calculated, as well as their standard deviations. The calculations revealed an extremely strong influence of anharmonic coupling between different vibrations on the absorption intensities and a significant mass-dependence of spectroscopic and structural parameters. The geometry and harmonic frequencies of KH(2)F(3), KD(2)F(3), and KHDF(3) are also calculated at a lower ab initio level. The results obtained for [FHFDF](-), [FHFTF](-), and [FDFTF](-) are compared with the available experimental data and the results of earlier calculations of the symmetric complexes [F(HF)(2)](-), [F(DF)(2)](-), and [F(TF)(2)](-) and complexes containing a positive K-meson.     

Theoretical calculation of activation energy barrier from vibrational frequencies for the reaction of O (3P) with CHFCl

The reaction of the oxygen atom with the chlorofluoromethyl radical has been investigated fully by the B3LYP method at the 6‐311++G** basis set level. Two new approaches of the adiabatic (actual) activation energy between all of the intermediates and transition states (TSs) are calculated using the computed frequencies. TSs are activated species: When intermediates agitated spectrographically, the TSs come into being. So the vibrational quantum number ν must be taken into account, and the agitated radicals can be considered as a whole to calculate the adiabatic activation energy, or the potential energy barrier. All IMs and TSs are assigned to their spectroscopic terms to determine the vibrational quantum numbers. This appears to be a good way to estimate activation energy barriers of all reaction channels. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.; DOI 10.1002/qua.2002;10126