Co3O4 纳米棒的溶剂热合成及形成机理分析

以Co(NO3) 2 ·6H2 O为主要原料 ,H2 O2 为氧化剂 ,在油酸和正十二烷烃的混合溶液中 ,利用溶剂热技术于 160℃反应 10h ,成功地合成了Co3O4 纳米棒 .用X射线粉末衍射 (XRD)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM)和振动样品磁强计 (VSM)等手段对产物进行了表征 ,并对产物的形成机理进行了初步分析 .结果表明 ,产物为立方型Co3O4 纯相 ,优化实验条件可得到棒状Co3O4 ,其平均尺寸约为 2 5× 10 0nm .Co3O4 纳米棒的形成与微乳液的棒状结构有关 ,棒状结构的胶束是形成这种纳米棒的模板 .在室温下 ,产物的矫顽力 (Hc)为 3 5 3Oe ,剩余磁化率 (Mr)为 0 .4emu/g .     

Co9S8纳米晶聚集体的水热合成及其光谱研究

以七水合硫酸亚钴(CoSO4·7H2O)和无水亚硫酸钠(Na2SO3)为主要原料,以水合肼(N2H4·H2O)为还原剂,利用水热法合成了Co9S8纳米晶聚集体.运用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对产物进行了表征,并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对产物的红外光谱进行了测定和初步分析.实验结果表明,产物主要为Co9S8纳米晶聚集体,其中含有平均粒度约为2.5 nm Co9S8晶粒.聚集体的形貌呈六角片状,其平均直径约为2.1μm,厚度约为200 nm.     

简单的方法制备°-Fe2O3纳米粒子及其磁性质和电化学性质

报道了制备磁性Fe2O3纳米粒子的一种简单易行的方法．利用部分还原共沉淀法， 以Na2S2O4作为还原剂， 用FeCl3先制备出Fe2O3纳米微粒， 再在空气中直接煅烧， 成功地制备出粒径较均匀(约13 nm)的磁性Fe2O3微粒． 实验发现Na2S2O4在部分还原共沉淀法中起到了去氧剂兼还原剂的特殊作用．研究表明， 样品在室温下具有铁磁性， 其饱和磁化强度和矫顽力分别为70 emu/g和164 Oe； 产物具有好的电化学性质，在3.0?0.3 V(相对于金属锂)、0.2 mA/cm2时，样品的首次放电容量可达到933 mAh/g．同时还讨论了放电过程中金属锂与Fe2O3的反应机理．     

钙钛矿型纳米BaFeO3的制备、结构表征及铁磁性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出钙钛矿型纳米BaFeO3粉末,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析研究了其微观结构及形貌,结果表明:胶体试样经800℃退火处理后,形成了20nm左右的钙钛矿型BaFeO3粉末,其(110)面晶面间距为0.280nm左右,(100)面晶面间距为0.401nm左右.利用振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究了纳米BaFeO3粉末的室温铁磁性能,测量结果表明:在室温条件下,纳米BaFeO3粉末具有完整闭合的磁滞回线,具有较小的矫顽力和较低的饱和磁化强度,呈现出明显的弱铁磁性,且铁磁性随退火温度的变化明显.钙钛矿型纳米BaFeO3的铁磁性主要归因于Fe3 _O_Fe4 之间的氧空位.     

CoxTi1-xO2-δ体材中氢退火引起的铁磁性及结构相变

利用固相反应法在700℃-1000℃不同的温度下、空气中烧结Co3O4和TiO2混合物,制备了(Co3O4)x/3(TiO2)1-x(0相似文献   

Ge纳米结构的形貌与铁磁性研究

利用等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术制备了厚度不同的Ge薄膜, 随着样品厚度的减小, 样品表现出了室温铁磁性. 厚度为12 nm样品经过300 ℃退火后, 由于颗粒细化, 颗粒之间的界面增加, 界面缺陷增加, 样品表现出最大的铁磁性 (50 emu/cm³). 场冷却和零场冷却曲线测试表明居里温度约为350 K. 进行600 ℃退火后, 颗粒团聚, 样品的铁磁性最小. 当样品厚度进一步减小为6 nm时, 沉积态样品表现出铁磁性和顺磁性共存. 对6 nm厚的样品进行300 ℃退火后, 样品只具有铁磁性. 进行600 ℃退火后, 样品却只具有顺磁性. 12 nm 和6 nm 厚的Ge纳米结构薄膜随退火温度变化表现出不同的磁性规律, 我们认为是由于样品的颗粒大小和颗粒分布不同造成的. 样品越薄, Si基底与Ge薄膜之间的界面缺陷越明显, 界面缺陷以及Ge颗粒之间的界面缺陷为样品提供了未配对电子, 未配对电子的铁磁性耦合强度与样品颗粒的分布以及颗粒之间的结合有一定的关系. 颗粒之间分散或颗粒之间的融合程度大都将会降低样品的铁磁性.     

Co3O4纳米晶的制备和表征

发现了一种新制备Co3O4纳米晶的新方法。这种方法是先将高分子聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和乙酸钴溶解到溶剂中缓慢蒸发溶剂,然后干燥形成的前驱体,最后在400℃温度下煅烧制备了Co3O4纳米晶。生成的产物用XRD,SEM,TEM等测试方法进行了表征。结果发现在不同的溶剂中形成前驱体所制备的Co3O4纳米晶具有不同的形貌特征,使用乙醇溶剂时生成了大量的由Co3O4纳米晶自组装形成的Co3O4微米球;而使用水溶剂时则生成的全都是Co3O4纳米晶。实验结果表明在不同溶剂中形成的前驱体对于最终制备的Co3O4纳米晶形态有着很大的影响。     

氧流量对热蒸发CVD法生长β-Ga2O3纳米材料的结构及发光特性的影响

用热蒸发CVD法制备了β-Ga2O3纳米材料, 并用光致发光(PL)方法研究了其发光特性.X射线衍射分析显示, 产物为单斜结构的β-Ga2O3.扫描电子显微镜测试表明:在较小氧流量条件下制备的产物为β-Ga2O3纳米带, 宽度小于100nm, 长度有几微米; 较大氧流量时制备出β-Ga2O3纳米晶粒结构, 晶粒尺度在80-156nm.PL的测试表明: β-Ga2O3纳米结构在波长516nm处有很强的绿色发光带, 且随着氧流量的逐渐增加发光强度逐渐减弱.在氧气氛中900℃退火2h处理后, 发光强度减弱, 进一步证实氧空位缺陷是β-Ga2O3纳米材料发光的主要因素.     

Co9S8单晶片水热还原合成与磁性

以七水合硫酸亚钴 (CoSO4·7H2 O)和无水亚硫酸钠 (Na2 SO3)为原料 ,水合肼 (N2 H4·H2 O)为还原剂 ,在180℃水热处理 72h ,成功地合成了片状Co9S8单晶 .产物分别用X射线粉末衍射 (XRD)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM)和振动样品磁强计 (VSM )表征 .实验结果表明 ,产物主要由直径为 0 .8～ 1.5μm的片状Co9S8单晶组成 ,在室温下具有铁磁性 ,其饱和磁化率 (Ms)和矫顽力 (Hc)分别为 65emu/g和 3 3 3Oe     

Co:BaTiO3/Si(100)纳米复合薄膜制备、微结构及其紫外光电子能谱研究

采用脉冲激光气相沉积(PLD)方法，在Si(100)晶面上制备了Co:BaTiO₃纳米复合薄膜.采用X射线衍射(XRD)结合透射电镜(TEM)方法研究了两种厚度Co:BaTiO₃纳米复合薄膜的晶体结构，当薄膜厚度约为30 nm时，薄膜为单一择优取向；当薄膜厚度约为100nm时，薄膜呈多晶结构.原子力显微镜(AFM)分析表明，当膜厚为30nm时，薄膜呈现明显的方形晶粒.采用紫外光电子能谱(UPS)研究了Co的价态和Co:BaTiO₃纳米复合薄     

Fragmentation of gold flowers into nanopetals by high energy electron irradiation

Gold nanoflowers were obtained by reducing chloroauric acid with tri-sodium citrate at a temperature of 95 °C. The UV-vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques were employed to monitor the growth of gold nanoflowers. The size and shape of the nanocrystallites of gold in the flowers were determined by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy methods. The 3-dimensional gold nanoflowers got fragmented into 2-dimensional petal-like nanostructures upon irradiation with 6-MeV electrons. The average size of crystallites of gold after electron beam irradiation was found to be ∼10 nm.     

Electrochemical properties of rutile TiO2 nanorods as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

In this paper, we synthesized rutile TiO₂ nanorods by hydrolysis of TiCl₄ ethanolic solution in water at 50?°C. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images show that the as-prepared sample was consisted of nanoflowers of about 500?nm in sizes, and each petal of nanoflowers was assembled by several nanorods. We tested the electrochemical properties of the rutile TiO₂ nanorods as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The rutile TiO₂ nanorods exhibited a large initial discharge capacity of 223?mA?h?g^?1, and the stabilized capacity was as high as 170?mA?h?g^?1 after 100 cycles. These improved electrochemical performances may be attributed to the shorter diffusion length for both the electron and Li⁺, and the large electrode?Celectrolyte contact area offered by the nanorods with a large specific surface area, which facilitated the lithium ions insertion and extraction.     

Harvesting piezoelectric potential from zinc oxide nanoflowers grown on textile fabric substrate

ZnO nanoflowers were synthesized on conductive flexible textile fabric substrate by using the simple low‐temperature aqueous chemical growth method and were used for piezoelectric energy harvesting source. Structural characterization of ZnO nanoflowers was carried out by using surface scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The ZnO nanoflowers are uniformly grown over the entire sample. They are composed of needle‐like nanorods, which have hexagonal wurtzite structure with good crystalline quality. The current–voltage characteristics showed good rectifying Schottky behaviour. Contact‐mode atomic force microscopy was used for measuring the piezoelectric output potential. The maximum output potential was found to be more than 600 mV and the corresponding current also recorded was near ～650 nA. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Synthesis and electro-catalytic activity of Pt-Co nanoflowers

The study of metallic nanoflowers has attracted more and more attention because of their larger surface areas and active sites, which could be applied for surface-sensitive areas. Despite these excellent characteristics, it is still very hard to synthesize noble metal nanoflowers as the flower-like structure is apt to change into some more stable shapes which are covered by lower energy surfaces. In this study, Pt-Co nanoflowers were successfully synthesized by a two-step method via the reaction between Co nanoparticles and Pt precursor. From the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, it could be seen clearly that the products possessed a flower-like nanostructure. The morphology of the final products depended on a number of parameters, such as the reaction time and the reaction temperature. Based on the experimental results and theoretical calculation, the formation of nanoflowers could be attributed to the galvanic replacement reaction between Co nanoparticles and Pt precursor. In addition, the electrochemical catalytic activity of Pt-Co nanoflowers toward methanol oxidation was also evaluated in comparison with that of commercial Pt black. Owing to the special structure, the electro-catalytic activity and stability of Pt-Co nanoflowers were much better than those of commercial Pt black.     

Dissolution patterns caused by chemical etching of Al–Co–Cu and Al–Co–Ni decagonal quasicrystals with a HF–HNO3–H2O solution

Dissolution patterns essential for Al–Co–Cu and Al–Co–Ni decagonal quasicrystals (d-QCs) have been investigated in detail by chemical etching using a HF–HNO₃–H₂O solution followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. The chemical etching of definite surface areas of the samples, which are either normal or parallel to the tenfold axes, using a solution with HF–HNO₃–H₂O (1?:?5?:?4 in volume ratio; 0°C; 5–10?min), produces a large number of microfacet pits of decagonal prismatic shape. In addition, the same etching test in combination with SEM observations was carried out on a deformed sample of the Al–Co–Ni d-QC, which had been subjected to concentrated mechanical stress at an elevated temperature of 850°C by means of the Vickers indentation technique. The morphological features of the resulting micropits and their possible origins are discussed on the basis of results obtained by SEM observations.     

Gd3Ga5O12:Ag薄膜电致发光材料的制备及其发光性质

研究了Gd3 Ga5O12 :Ag材料的制备及其发光性质 .Gd3 Ga5O12 :Ag材料通过固相反应法制得 ,采用X射线衍射法分析了材料的结晶度及成分 .用电子束蒸发将该材料制备成交流的薄膜电致发光器件 ,得到了较好的蓝紫色发光 ,发光峰分别位于 397和 46 7nm .通过对材料的光致发光和激发光谱的研究和比较 ,得出 397和 46 7nm分别来自于氧空位和Ag 的发光 .     

溅射制备的Co/V多层膜微观结构特征与铁磁共振研究

研究了用射频磁控溅射方法制备的［Co(1.5nm)/V(d_V)］₂₀(0.5nm≤d_V≤4nm)多层膜的结构和磁性.用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、高分辨率透射电子显微镜等手段对其结构的分析,表明它们层状周期结构良好,沿膜的生长方向具有fcc Co(111)和bcc V(110)织构,且是由小的柱状晶粒构成的多晶薄膜.界面一定程度的合金化,使其成为成分调制周期结构,也是它们的一个结构特征.由其铁磁共振谱计算得到较小的g因子和4πM_{e 关键词：}     

Fabrication of carbon nanoflowers by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Two and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) carbon nanoflowers have been prepared on silicon (1 1 1) substrates by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, using CH₄, H₂ and Ar as reactive gases in the presence of Fe catalyst. The flower patterns are controlled by the flux ratio of the carrier gas, the reaction pressure and the growth temperature. Through observation by scanning electron microscopy, we find that the 2D carbon nanoflowers are formed by various nanoleaves while the 3D flowers are composed of hundreds of nanofibers. The former is related closely to the flux ratio of gas and the reaction pressure, while the latter depended mainly on the growth temperature. The nucleation and growth process of the nanoflowers seem to be a vapor/liquid/solid mechanism.     

Effect of the structural quality of the buffer on the magnetoresistance and the exchange coupling in sputtered Co/Cu sandwiches

The effect of the structural quality of the buffer stack on the structural properties, giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and the quality of the antiferromagnetic coupling has been investigated for Co/Cu/Co sandwiches prepared by DC-magnetron sputtering. Three kinds of buffers were employed: type A: Cr(6 nm)/Co(0.8 nm)/Cu(10 nm), type B: Fe(6 nm)/Co(0.8 nm)/Cu(10 nm) and type C: Cr(4 nm)/Fe(3 nm)/Co(0.8 nm)/Cu(10 nm). For B and C type buffers, the antiferromagnetic alignment is very interesting at zero field with a coupling strength larger than 0.4 erg/cm² and a GMR signal reaching 5% at room temperature. However, for the A type buffer the antiferromagnetic coupling completely disappears, while the GMR drops to about 0.8%. X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy have been performed in order to understand the origin of the observed difference in the magnetic properties. The results show a strong difference in the average surface roughness, 1.15 nm and 0.35 nm, respectively for the A and C types buffers, and demonstrate that the quality of the surface of the buffer is the key to optimize both the GMR and the indirect exchange coupling. Received 11 July 2000