顶空气相色谱法测定树脂工艺品中残留卤代烃

建立了树脂工艺品中8种残留卤代烃的顶空气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(HS-GC-ECD)检测方法。对前处理方式、顶空及色谱条件进行了研究。结果表明在顶空温度130℃、平衡时间60 min、基体采用空白树脂工艺品的顶空条件下,检测树脂工艺品中的卤代烃可获得良好的定量结果。所建方法的定量限在0.001～0.2μg/g之间,回收率在90%～120%之间,相对标准偏差为1.3%～3.9%。     

顶空-气相色谱法测定海水中8种苯系物

提出了顶空-气相色谱法测定海水中残留的8种苯系物的方法。分别选择40℃及30min作为样品在顶空瓶中的平衡温度和平衡时间。选用Nukol毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.25mm,0.25μm)分离,氢火焰离子化检测器测定。8种苯系物在13min内能完全分离。8种苯系物的质量浓度在10.0～200μg.L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)均为2μg.L-1。以海水样品为基体,在3个浓度水平上进行加标回收试验,回收率在93%～119%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.1%～5.3%之间。     

顶空-气相色谱法测定水中7种苯系物

建立顶空-毛细柱气相色谱法测定水中苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯和苯乙烯7种苯系物的方法。对色谱条件及顶空条件进行了优化,采用自动顶空进样方式,经70℃平衡30 min,用Rtx-Wax毛细管柱分离,使用火焰离子化检测器检测。7种苯系物的质量浓度在10～100μg/L范围内与其对应的色谱峰面积呈线性关系,相关系数在0.999 0～0.999 6之间,方法检出限为0.2～0.9μg/L,7种苯系物的回收率为96.5%～106.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.0%～2.2%(n=6)。该方法操作简单,重现性好,测定结果准确可靠,检出限满足国家标准要求,可用于水中7种苯系物的检测分析。     

原位自组装石墨烯固相微萃取探头的制备及其在水体苯系物分析中的应用

利用石墨烯的自组装性能,原位制备了基于石墨烯材料的固相微萃取(SPME)探头,并结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)建立了水体中甲苯、乙苯和邻二甲苯的分析方法。通过SEM对探头进行表征,发现制备的探头石墨烯材料均匀、牢固地结合在石英光纤上。通过优化萃取模式、萃取温度、萃取时间和盐度,得到最佳条件:顶空萃取模式、萃取温度为40℃、萃取时间为3 min、盐度为30%NaCl。在最佳条件下,3种苯系物在0.2～200μg/L范围内呈现出良好的线性,线性系数(r~2)为0.998 7～0.999 6;检出限为0.001 2～0.004 2μg/L;其相对标准偏差小于5%。对采集的3个样品进行测定,均不同浓度地测出了苯系物污染,其加标回收率为90.3%～111%。该方法可用于环境水样中挥发性苯系物的分析检测。     

自动顶空-气质联用法快速测定竹筷中9种苯系物

建立了自动顶空-气质联用法（HS-GC-MS）快速检测竹筷中9种苯系物的方法。考察了样品的基质效应,讨论了顶空温度和平衡时间对9种苯系物丰度的影响。采用DB-WAX(30 m×0.32 mm×0.5μm)型毛细管柱进行分离,选择离子（SIM）模式扫描,外标法定量。结果表明：9种苯系物在质量浓度10.0～400.0μg/kg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r）均大于0.999,方法检出限和定量限分别为2.0和10.0μg/kg;加标回收率在95.0%～107.4%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.6%～9.5%。该方法适用于竹筷中9种痕量苯系物含量的检测。     

顶空-固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用法快速分析海水中13种苯系物

建立了同时测定海水中常见的13种痕量苯系物(BTEX)的顶空-固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME/GC-MS)检测方法。利用涂有100μm Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)涂层的萃取头顶空萃取海水样品,GC-MS检测和外标定量法对目标物进行分析。实验对萃取纤维头的类型、萃取温度、萃取时间、解吸时间、样品体积等主要萃取条件进行了优化。在优化萃取条件下,13种苯系物的线性范围为0.16~32μg/L,相关系数为0.999 0~1.000 0,检出限为0.006~0.043μg/L。在3个加标水平(0.16、1.6、16μg/L)下,海水样品中13种苯系物的回收率为80.0%~117%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.0%~5.6%。该方法前处理简便易行、灵敏度高,为海水中痕量苯系物的检测提供了一种简便、快捷、环保的测定方法。     

顶空气相色谱-质谱法测定烟用水基胶中7种有机化合物

建立了顶空气相色谱-质谱法快速测定烟用水基胶中7种有机化合物-乙酸乙烯酯和苯及苯系物的分析方法。采用1 mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散样品密封后,在85℃温度下低速振荡平衡30 min,顶空进样,HP-INNOWAX色谱柱进行分离,质谱检测器检测,以2-己酮为内标进行定量分析。结果表明:7种有机化合物可在10 min内有效分离,且线性关系良好(r 0.999),检出限(LOD)为3.0～11μg/kg。样品加标回收率均在96.8%～103.5%范围内,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于3.3%。该方法适合于水基胶样品中乙酸乙烯酯、苯及苯系物含量的快速分析。     

顶空/气相色谱-质谱法测定圆珠笔中8种挥发性苯系物

建立了顶空/气相色谱-质谱法测定圆珠笔中8种挥发性苯系物(苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、异丙苯、邻二甲苯和苯乙烯)含量的分析方法。选择顶空平衡温度和时间分别为70℃和40 min,以HP-INNOWax色谱柱(60 m×320μm×0.25μm)分离,采用选择离子监测模式(SIM)检测,外标法定量。结果显示,8种苯系物在0.005～0.5 mg/L质量浓度范围内均与对应的峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r~20.999),检出限(S/N=3)为0.01～0.02 mg/kg,加标回收率为86.0%～104%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.3%～9.6%。该方法操作简单,快速,且灵敏度高,适用于圆珠笔中挥发性苯系物的快速检测。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用分析室内空气中的苯系物

自制了一种固相微萃取采样装置,建立了固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱(SPME-GC/MS)联用测定室内空气中苯系物的分析方法。方法的线性范围为1~300μg/m3,检出限为0.1~0.3μg/m3,RSD(n=6)3.2%~15%。采用该方法研究了广州市内20户新装修民居中苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯和1,3,5-三甲苯的含量及分布,并探讨了苯系物的来源。     

顶空-气相色谱法测定水中苯系物、乙腈和丙烯腈

运用顶空-气相色谱法同时测定水中苯系物、乙腈和丙烯腈,使用DB-WAX色谱柱实现了各组分的良好分离。用外标法以峰面积定量,苯系物各组分的质量浓度在0.01～0.10 mg·L~(-1),乙腈的质量浓度在0.20～2.00 mg·L~(-1),丙烯腈的质量浓度在0.10～1.00 mg·L~(-1)范围内呈线性关系。方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.7～19.8μg·L~(-1)。在空白水样的基础上用标准加入法对方法作回收及精密度试验,测得各被测物质的回收率在97.3%～104.8%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.17%～4.24%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.