黄荆子挥发性成分的分析

分别采用水蒸汽蒸馏法和超临界流体CO2萃取法提取黄荆子中的挥发性成分.利用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)联用技术对其化学成分进行了分析鉴定,并通过面积归一法测定了各成分的相对含量.对两种提取方法的结果进行了比较.结果表明,子午岭的黄荆子中含有多种药用成分,而超临界流体CO2萃取法更能有效地提取黄荆子中的有效成分.     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用分析麦冬中有机挥发物

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析麦冬中挥发性成分,对萃取温度、时间、脱附时间及样品用量等条件进行了优化,方法所得结果与同时蒸馏萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(SDE-GC-MS)方法比较,相对含量较高的成分基本一致.固相微萃取方法可应用于麦冬中有机挥发性成分的快速分析.     

气相色谱-质谱联用法研究蛇油中腥味物质成分

采用真空-挥发-平衡的方法将蛇油挥发组分进行有效的收集,然后利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)的手段对蛇油中的异味或腥味物质进行了分离腚和鉴定,并对除异味处理前后的蛇油挥发组分进行了对比.实验结果发现,蛇油中的腥味物质主要是中碳链的饱和与不饱和的低沸点的醛类、烯醛和烯醇类.质谱检索的结果为己醛、庚醛、2-辛烯醇、2-壬烯醇、2-壬烯醛、2-癸烯醛等,此分析方法的建立对蛇油的深度开发利用很有意义.     

气相色谱-质谱联用结合保留指数分析仙鹤草挥发性成分

提出了一个分析仙鹤草挥发油成分的方法。采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取仙鹤草挥发性成分,气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)结合保留指数双重定性,按峰面积归一化法求出各挥发性成分的相对含量,共检测出67个组分,质谱结合保留指数定性鉴定出48个主要挥发性成分,占挥发性成分总含量的87.35%;含量较高的组分为雪松醇(17.50%)、α-蒎烯(11.60%)、伽罗木醇(6.29%)、α-萜品醇(4.90%)和乙酸龙脑酯(4.37%)。方法定性结果更为准确,能为进一步研究仙鹤草化学组分和质量控制提供基础。     

GC–MS法分析茵陈挥发油成分

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取茵陈中挥发性成分挥发油,用气相色谱–质谱联用技术(GC–MS)对茵陈挥发油成分进行分析鉴定,并采用峰面积归一化法测定其相对含量。共检出52种挥发性成分,鉴定了其中31种主要挥发性成分,含量较高的组分为石竹素(15.27%)、(–)-斯巴醇(6.64%)、石竹烯(4.89%)等。GC–MS法适用于茵陈挥发性成分的定性分析,具有灵敏度高、分析速度快的特点。     

气相色谱-质谱技术分析红松松塔挥发性成分

采用水蒸气蒸馏法,对红松松塔挥发性成分进行提取和研究,最佳蒸馏时间5.5 h,挥发油提取率1.28%.利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对提取的挥发油成分进行分析,共鉴定出32种化学成分,主要为单萜和倍半萜类化合物,其中相对含量较高的有α-蒎烯(44.258%)、D-柠檬烯(23.426%)、β-蒎烯(8.674%)、石竹烯(3.462%)、β-月桂烯(3.018%)等.研究结果表明红松松塔挥发油中富含α-蒎烯、D-柠檬烯、石竹烯等多种具有药理活性的成分.因此,红松松塔是一种具有较好前景的天然药用资源.     

纤维素酶前处理没药挥发油成分的GC/MS分析

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法分别从未处理和纤维素酶前处理的没药中提取挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)联用技术对其挥发油成分进行分析。从中分别鉴定出38种和34种化学成分,用峰面积归一法通过数据处理系统得出各化学成分在挥发油中的质量分数,占挥发油总成分的67.95%和70.05%。     

香格里拉产小叶杜鹃花挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

研讨香格里拉县小叶杜鹃花的挥发油化学成分,为进一步合理开发利用其药用资源提供试验依据。利用水蒸汽同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取小叶杜鹃花的挥发性化学成分,通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对各个色谱峰定性,并采用色谱峰面积归一法获得各个化合物的相对含量。从小叶杜鹃花挥发油中共分离鉴定了73个色谱峰,占挥发油总量的85.53%。小叶杜鹃花挥发油主要成分有α-蒎烯(14.00%)、正二十三烷(9.51%)、7-甲氧基-2,2-二甲基-3-色烯(6.26%)、正二十烷(6.11%)、苯乙醇(5.10%)、1-Heneicosyl formate(4.60%)等。     

小叶女贞花挥发性成分分析

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法,分别以正己烷和乙醚为萃取剂从小叶女贞花中提取挥发性成分,结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法,运用峰面积归一化法计算各化学成分在挥发油中的相对含量.在正己烷萃取的挥发油中鉴定了45种组分,在乙醚萃取的挥发油中鉴定了58种组分.研究了不同极性溶剂作萃取剂对小叶女贞花挥发性成分的影响.     

指纹图谱结合化学计量学方法研究新疆薰衣草精油成分

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法(SD)提取薰衣草挥发油,气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分析其化学成分及相对含量。通过气相色谱法(GC)建立其色谱指纹图谱,并结合化学计量学方法对其进行品种鉴别。3种薰衣草精油中共检测29种挥发性化学成分,其中共有成分有18种;31批薰衣草样本的GC指纹图谱相似度均大于0.9,符合指纹图谱相似度的要求,利用主成分分析法(PCA)和聚类分析法(HCA)对GC指纹图谱进行识别,可直观地区分薰衣草品种,该方法可应用于薰衣草质量控制及品种鉴别。     

臭椿籽挥发油的化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法对甘肃天水产的臭椿籽挥发油进行提取，挥发油得率约为2．1％(w)；用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发性成分进行了分析，鉴定了43个化合物，占挥发油相对含量的96．3％；主要成分为脂肪酸及酯、脂肪烃及甾族化合物，其中含量较高的有亚油酸、油酸、蓖麻酸和蓖麻酸甲酯。     

柠檬桉叶挥发性成分的提取及成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从柠檬桉叶中提取挥发油中的油相成分,用乙醚作为溶剂从蒸馏残液中萃取挥发油中的水溶性物质,利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析二者的化学成分并进行比较。柠檬桉叶挥发油油相成分的得油率为1.36%(以鲜重计),确认了其中的37种成分,占油相成分总量的97.36%,其中有12种碳氢化合物和25种含氧化合物,其主要成分为香茅醛(57.00%),其后依次是香茅醇(15.89%)、乙酸香茅酯(15.33%)。水溶性成分的得油率为0.48%(以鲜重计),确认了其中的10种成分,占水溶性物质总量的82.05%,主要为醇类物质,其主要成分为顺-对烷-3,8-二醇(53.43%)和反-对烷-3,8-二醇(16.48%)。     

蓝布正挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

研究贵州产蓝布正（Herba Gei）挥发油的化学成分，采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取蓝布正挥发性成分，用气相色谱－质谱进行分离测定，结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行鉴定，应用色谱峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对含量；水蒸气蒸馏提取物得率是0．10％，共分离出103种成分，鉴定出40个化学成分，其主要成分为脂肪酸及其甲酯类化合物、萜烯类及其含氧衍生物等，主要有棕榈酸（13．2％）、11，14，17－二十碳三烯酸甲酯（10．4％）、亚油酸（8．6％）、石竹烯氧化物（3．9％）、丁子香酚（3．4％）和反式－植醇（3．2％）等。     

水蒸气蒸馏提取与顶空进样GC-MS分析高良姜挥发性成分

比较了水蒸气蒸馏法和顶空加热法提取高良姜挥发性成分的方法,并进行GC-MS分析。结果表明,两种提取方法无论在成分还是其相对含量均存在一定的差异。采用顶空进样技术可鉴定出31个挥发性化学成分,采用水蒸气蒸馏法可鉴定出31个挥发性化学成分,两种方法共有成分为16种。两种样品采集方法分别提供了高良姜不同沸点挥发物的化学信息,运用这两种方法可以建立更全面的高良姜挥发性成分GC-MS表征体系。     

追风伞挥发油的化学成分研究

 研究了贵州产追风伞 (LysimachiatrientaloidesHemsl.)挥发油的化学成分。采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取追风伞挥发性成分 ,用气相 质谱进行分离测定 ,结合计算机质谱图库检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定 ,从中鉴定出 4 0种化学成分 ;应用峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对含量。水蒸汽蒸馏提取物的提取率是 0 11%。研究结果表明 ,贵州产追风伞挥发油的主要成分为萜烯类及其含氧衍生物等 ,主要有广藿香醇 (2 2 5 4 % )、乙酸龙脑酯(16 17% )、γ 古芸烯 (3 2 7% )、δ 愈创烯 (2 6 2 % )、橙花叔醇 (2 0 2 % )、芳樟醇 (1 99% )和棕榈酸 (1 96 % )。     

Volatile constituents of Festuca nigrescens, Phleum alpinum and Poa alpina from N. W. Italian Alpine pastures

The composition of the volatile fractions of three important grasses from sub-alpine N.W. Italian pastures, namely Festuca nigrescens Lam. non Gaudin (chewing fescue), Phleum alpinum L. (alpine timothy) and Poa alpina L. (alpine bluegrass) was investigated. The fresh aerial parts were collected at the flowering stage during the summer season. The volatile oils obtained from green tissues by steam distillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, were analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. The oil yield was 0.04 +/- 0.01% weight/fresh weight bases for each of the investigated species. Several classes of compounds were found in the volatile fractions, including aldehydes, alcohols, acids, hydrocarbons, esters, ketones, terpenes, and phenolics. Qualitative and quantitative differences were observed.     

兴安落叶松针叶挥发油的GC-MS和启发渐进式特征投影法分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取兴安落叶松针叶挥发油,利用气相色谱.质谱(GC-MS)联用对挥发油进行成分测定,并对其重叠色谱峰采用启发渐进式特征投影(HELP)法进行分辨,得到各组分的纯色谱峰和质谱,然后采用峰面积归一化法确定各化合物的相对含量.共分离出110种化合物,鉴定了70种化合物,占挥发油总量的93.09%,其中单萜、倍半萜和二萜的含量分别为31.92%、53.29%和6.91%.     

Innovation in a Continuous System of Distillation by Steam to Obtain Essential Oil from Persian Lime Juice (Citrus latifolia Tanaka)

The citrus industry is one of the most important economic areas within the global agricultural sector. Persian lime is commonly used to produce lime juice and essential oil, which are usually obtained by batch distillation. The aim of this work was to validate a patented continuous steam distillation process and to both physically and chemically characterize the volatile fractions of essential Persian lime oil. Prior to distillation, lime juice was obtained by pressing the lime fruit. Afterwards, the juice was subjected to a continuous steam distillation process by varying the ratio of distillate flow to feed flow (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6). The distillate oil fractions were characterized by measuring their density, optical rotation, and refractive index. Gas chromatography GC-FID was used to analyze the chemical compositions of the oil fractions. The process of continuous steam distillation presented high oil recovery efficiencies (up to 90%) and lower steam consumption compared to traditional batch process distillation since steam consumption ranged from 32 to 60% for different steam levels. Moreover, a reduction in process time was observed (from 8 to 4 h). The oil fractions obtained via continuous steam distillation differed significantly in their composition from the parent compounds and the fractions.     

Rapid analysis of the essential oil components of dried Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim by Fe2O3‐magnetic‐microsphere‐assisted microwave distillation and simultaneous headspace single‐drop microextraction followed by GC–MS

In this work, microwave distillation assisted by Fe₂O₃ magnetic microspheres (FMMS) and headspace single‐drop microextraction were combined, and developed for determination of essential oil compounds in dried Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (ZBM). The FMMS were used as microwave absorption solid medium for dry distillation of dried ZBM. Using the proposed method, isolation, extraction, and concentration of essential oil compounds can be carried out in a single step. The experimental parameters including extraction solvent, solvent volume, microwave power, irradiation time, and the amount of added FMMS, were studied. The optimal analytical conditions were: 2.0 μL decane as the extraction solvent, microwave power of 300 W, irradiation time of 2 min, and the addition of 0.1 g FMMS to ZBM. The method precision was from 4 to 10%. A total of 52 compounds were identified by the proposed method. The conventional steam distillation method was also used for the analysis of essential oil in dried ZBM and only 31 compounds were identified by steam distillation method. It was found that the proposed method is a simple, rapid, reliable, and solvent‐free technique for the determination of volatile compounds in Chinese herbs.