抑制剂BD2对PKA与PKCβⅡ的抑制选择性研究

蛋白激酶A(PKA)和蛋白激酶C(PKC)的过度表达导致细胞生长分化异常,是治疗肿瘤的潜在靶点.抑制剂BD2对PKA和PKC抑制作用存在高选择性.为了探讨BD2高选择性机制,本工作以PKA与BD2复合物的晶体结构为模板,通过同源模建结合分子对接的方法构建PKC βⅡ与BD2复合物的结构,并对PKA-BD2复合物和PKC-BD2复合物进行了2.5 ns的分子动力学模拟,运用MM-GBSA方法计算了结合自由能,通过能量分解的方法考察PKA和PKC的主要残基与BD2之间的相互作用和识别机制.结合能分析结果很好地描述了BD2对PKA抑制活性比其对PKC抑制活性高这一实验现象.氢键分析和能量分解结果共同说明了BD2的B环和酰胺链部分与PKA和PKC中相应位点的残基之间的相互作用存在差异,这是BD2存在选择性的内在因素.BD2高选择性作用机制的阐明为进一步基于结构的balanol类抑制剂的结构设计和优化提供了合理的指导.     

抑制剂BD2对PKA与PKC βII的抑制选择性研究

蛋白激酶A (PKA)和蛋白激酶C (PKC)的过度表达导致细胞生长分化异常, 是治疗肿瘤的潜在靶点. 抑制剂BD2对PKA和PKC抑制作用存在高选择性. 为了探讨BD2高选择性机制, 本工作以PKA与BD2复合物的晶体结构为模板, 通过同源模建结合分子对接的方法构建PKC βII与BD2复合物的结构, 并对PKA-BD2复合物和PKC-BD2复合物进行了2.5 ns的分子动力学模拟, 运用MM-GBSA方法计算了结合自由能, 通过能量分解的方法考察PKA和PKC的主要残基与BD2之间的相互作用和识别机制. 结合能分析结果很好地描述了BD2对PKA抑制活性比其对PKC抑制活性高这一实验现象. 氢键分析和能量分解结果共同说明了BD2的B环和酰胺链部分与PKA和PKC中相应位点的残基之间的相互作用存在差异, 这是BD2存在选择性的内在因素. BD2高选择性作用机制的阐明为进一步基于结构的balanol类抑制剂的结构设计和优化提供了合理的指导.     

有机合成与脑化学

设计和合成能选择性地调节神经中枢内信号传导过程的小分子化合物是现在脑化学中的一个热点。本文以调节谷氨酸受体及其亚基、蛋白激酶C 及其异构酶的化合物为例, 论述了有机合成化学在脑化学发展中的作用及面临的新挑战。     

芫花酯甲是蛋白激酶C Phorbol esters受体的特异性拮抗剂

本文用DE-52离子交换、Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤和phenyl-Sepharose亲和层析等柱层析,从大鼠脑中分离和纯化蛋白激酶C,并应用~3H-phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate(~3H-PdBu)结合蛋白激酶C的试验方法,研究了芫花酯甲对蛋白激酶C的结合特性。芫花酯甲对Ca~(2+),PS激活蛋白激酶C催化组蛋白Ⅲ-s磷酸化无任何影响,但它可以完全拮抗在同样测试系统中PdBu对蛋白激酶C的激动作用,结果提示芫花酯甲与PdBu作用在蛋白激酶C的相同部位,是后者的特异性拮抗剂。     

大肠杆菌异源表达pMMO活性中心pmoB及生物催化研究

颗粒甲烷单加氧酶（pMMO）是甲烷氧化菌中催化甲烷氧化生成甲醇的一种酶．Methylococcus capsulatus IMV 3021的pMMO活性位点是pmoB亚基,该亚基是一种可溶性蛋白．我们研究将pmoB亚基进行异源表达及生物催化活性的验证．当培养基中烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH）浓度为5 mmol／L时,可以观察到异源表达pmoB亚基具有催化甲烷氧化成甲醇活性,生成甲醇浓度为1．04 mmol／L．研究pMMO活性对于开发能直接将甲烷转化成甲醇的新型、环保催化剂有非常重要意义．     

CYP2C9酶与Warfarin结合模型的立体选择性理论研究

对CYP2C9酶与S-Warfarin复合物的晶体结构进行分子对接、分子动力学模拟、通道分析及结合自由能计算,发现原晶体结构中的结合模式为"亚稳态",提出了CYP2C9与S-Warfarin结合的可催化模式;比较了CYP2C9与S-和R-Warfarin结合的异同,确定了在结合过程中起重要作用的锚定氨基酸残基,尤其是位于活性位点区域的苯丙氨酸簇.在结合过程中这些残基通过芳香环的移动对稳定底物的结合模式起到至关重要的作用,阐明了该酶呈现相关底物选择性的原因.对于CYP2C9与底物对接模式及立体选择性的研究有助于在分子层面上理解特异性底物与酶的结合特点,为潜在的药物设计提供了合理可信的理论依据.     

SARS冠状病毒3CL蛋白酶及其抑制剂的理论研究

应用AutoDock程序将SARS冠状病毒3CL蛋白酶及其抑制剂配体和受体进行了对接,并用InsightⅡ中的Discover 3模块进行了分子动力学模拟,分析了蛋白酶活性口袋的形状,讨论了其亚基的氢键、静电、疏水等相互作用,为进一步设计药物提供了重要的参考信息.     

结合分子模拟探讨共聚酯PBSH在不同溶剂中的PC脂肪酶催化降解

采用固定化洋葱假单胞菌(PC)脂肪酶为催化剂,研究了在氯仿和四氢呋喃(THF)中不同摩尔比的聚(丁二酸丁二醇-co-丁二酸己二醇酯)(PBSH)的酶促降解规律及其差异性.通过PBSH降解前后的相对分子质量变化、降解产物的MALDI-TOF-MS分析研究了共聚酯降解规律,并以分子动力学(MD)及分子对接模拟分别研究了PC酶的溶剂效应及酶与底物的结合机制.研究结果表明,PC酶在2种溶剂中均可催化PBSH降解,但在氯仿中酶的活性较大,PBSH降解率大.分子动力学模拟数据表明,在THF中,PC酶整体氨基酸残基的涨落比氯仿中大,且THF会进入酶活性口袋中与催化残基Ser87结合,破坏了催化残基Ser87和His286之间的相互作用.分子对接结果分析发现,含丁二酸己二醇酯(HS)单元底物与PC酶活性位点的对接比含丁二酸丁二醇酯(BS)单元的更为稳定.     

戊烷与颗粒型甲烷单加氧酶的相互作用研究

颗粒型甲烷单加氧酶(Particulate methane monooxygenase, PMMO)是一个与细胞膜结合的金属酶, 能将烷烃生物催化为醇. 研究PMMO与烷烃的结合模式及催化机制将有利于设计合成一个新的模拟酶, 进而有效地利用烷烃作为新能源. 用分子对接方法获得了PMMO单体与一系列烷烃的结合模式, 并对PMMO单体和PMMO-戊烷复合物进行了6 ns的分子动力学模拟, 最后对复合物进行了构象成簇及结合能分析. 结果表明, 戊烷结合到靠近Zn^2＋的疏水口袋中, 该口袋由pmoA亚基的M45～W60和R190～T193以及pmoC亚基的Q161三个片段组成. 动力学结果表明, 与PMMO单体比, PMMO-戊烷复合物保持着相近的运动模式, 但幅度更明显, 另外, 戊烷在疏水口袋中的大幅度运动对于PMMO发挥催化作用是必须的. 结合能计算揭示疏水相互作用是戊烷与PMMO稳定识别的主要驱动力, 所有模拟结果与实验数据吻合较好.     

青海弧菌荧光素酶蛋白三维结构的分子模拟研究

基于荧光素酶催化发光的生物发光技术在化学、生命与环境科学等领域得到广泛应用. 部分萤火虫和发光细菌的荧光素酶晶体三维结构已经解析出来. 青海弧菌(Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67, 简称Q67)是从青海湖青海裸鲤中提取的一种新型淡水发光细菌, 已用于化学品的生物检测及毒性评价. 然而, 其催化发光过程中最重要的荧光素酶三维结构尚未解析, 阻碍了化学品对Q67产生毒性的机理研究进程. 本工作通过异源二聚体同源建模与分子动力学模拟方法构建了Q67荧光素酶的三维结构. 研究结果表明, Q67荧光素酶蛋白有α和β两个多肽亚基, 范德华力是维持α/β稳定结构的主要作用力, 而α/β亚基携带的净电荷产生的静电相互作用不利于体系稳定. 缔合的专一性则由α/β亚基接触面上的极性基团之间的氢键实现. 底物黄素单核苷酸与Q67荧光素酶的结合位点在α亚基活性口袋中, β亚基有利于保持α亚基活性口袋的稳定性.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.