食品中甲醛含量测定方法探讨

甲醛是一种常用的防腐剂。对人体有害,不允许在食品中存在。为检测食品中甲醛的含量,利用甲醛与乙酰丙酮生成稳定的黄色化合物。在412nm波长进行光度测定,其吸光度（A）与甲醛浓度呈线性关系,还原剂对测定结果有较强的负偏差影响,三价铁离子对测定结果有正偏差影响。光照使结果不稳定,三乙醇胺对显色有一定的增敏作用。     

水发食品中甲醛现场测定的样品快速前处理新方法研究

提出了一种用于现场测定水发食品中甲醛含量的样品快速前处理新方法,采用乙酸锌和亚铁氰化钾沉淀样品中的蛋白质和脂肪,在弱酸性介质和沸水浴条件下提取了样品中的甲醛,并与乙酰丙酮立即发生显色反应.研究了不同样品前处理方法对甲醛提取和测定的影响,探讨了水发食品中的甲醛本底值及其是否被人为添加甲醛的判断标准.此方法的特点是样品前处理与显色反应同时进行,在10min内即可完成对水发食品中甲醛含量的定量测定.     

高效液相色谱法测定食品接触材料迁移到7种食品模拟物中的甲醛单体及甲醛总量

建立了高效液相色谱法对7种食品模拟物中甲醛单体和甲醛总量的测定方法。方法以甲醛与2.4-二硝基苯肼的衍生产物甲醛-2.4-二硝基苯腙的含量定量,效果良好。7种模拟物中甲醛单体及其总量测定的标准曲线R2均大于0.9917,线性范围为0.05～15.0 mg/L。方法在水性模拟物与油性模拟物中的检出限分别为0.05 mg/L与0.05 mg/kg,回收率和相对标准偏差分别在98.5%～101.3%和0.01%～1.3%之间。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定酵素食品中的匹可硫酸钠

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定酵素食品中新型减肥类非法添加物匹可硫酸钠的分析方法。针对现有方法不适用的果冻、软糖型样品，开发了新的前处理方法。样品经水提取、聚酰胺净化，使用Thermo Accucore RP-MS色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm，2.6 μm），以乙腈-10 mmol/L乙酸铵（15：85，v/v）等度洗脱，流速0.3 mL/min，柱温35℃，多反应监测（MRM）模式下质谱检测，外标法定量。结果表明，匹可硫酸钠在5~500 μg/L范围内线性关系良好，相关系数（r）为0.9999，方法检出限为0.05 mg/kg。匹可硫酸钠在各基质样品中的加标回收率为89.2%~111.8%，相对标准偏差为2.5%~10.4%。按上述方法检测152批次酵素食品，检出阳性样品58批次，检出率为38.2%。该法准确、灵敏，可用于酵素食品中匹可硫酸钠的测定。     

催化光度法测定空气和食品中的甲醛

随着工业的发展，大气和室内环境、食品中的甲醛含量越来越多，它对人体的影响已被人们重视。而目前测定甲醛的方法还不多，利用催化动力学光度法测定痕量甲醛，已有报道。本文研究发现，在磷酸介质中，甲醛能强烈催化溴酸钾氧化食用色素胭脂红的褪色反应，在510nm波长处，其反应速度     

次甲基蓝-溴酸钾体系动力学光度法测定甲醛

在硫酸介质中 ,基于甲醛对溴酸钾氧化次甲基蓝 (MB)显著的促进作用 ,建立了测定甲醛的动力学光度法。线性范围为 0 .4 8～ 5 .6 0 μg·ml- 1,检出限为 0 .2 2 μg·ml- 1。对浓度水平为 1.6 μg·ml- 1甲醛的 10次平行测定的RSD为 0 .4 86 %。方法用于检测酚醛树脂以及动物标本室内空气中甲醛含量 ,结果满意     

全自动食品甲醛分析仪的研制及应用

将超声提取、过滤和流动注射装置耦合,由自行设计的集成电路和软件控制,研制了一种全自动食品甲醛分析仪,实现了样品中甲醛提取—过滤—检测的连续自动化。利用在强碱性条件下,甲醛与间苯三酚快速发生显色反应,建立了测定食品中甲醛含量的测定方法,方法线性范围为0.5～20.0μg/mL,检出限为0.04μg/mL。用该法对水发海参、水发鸡爪、鹅肠和牛百叶样品进行了测定,测定结果在0.28～0.76μg/g之间(u=2,95%置信水平),样品加标回收率为88.7%～104%。该法适用于现场样品的快速测定。     

高锰酸钾-甲醛-碘化学发光新体系的研究

在甲醛存在下 ,高锰酸钾在酸性溶液中可以氧化碘离子 ,产生很强的化学发光。根据这一发现 ,采用流动注射技术 ,建立了利用高锰酸钾 -甲醛 -碘化学发光体系测定碘的化学发光分析法。方法的检出限为 1 .8× 1 0 -8g/m L,相对标准偏差为 1 .3% (1 .0× 1 0 -6g/m L ,n=1 1 ) ,线性范围为 1 .0× 1 0 -7～ 8.0× 1 0 -6g/m L。方法已用于食品中碘含量的测定。     

高锰酸钾-甲醛-碘化学发光法测定碘

在酸性条件下 ,高锰酸钾氧化甲醛产生很强的化学发光。当该体系中有碘离子存在时 ,化学发光强度受到一定的抑制 ,据此 ,建立了新的碘离子的化学发光分析方法。该方法对碘离子检出限为 7.87× 1 0 - 7mol/L,线性范围为 2 .44× 1 0 - 6～ 7.87× 1 0 - 3mol/L,用于食品中碘含量的测定 ,结果满意     

原子吸收光谱法间接测定食品中甲醛含量

提出了原子吸收光谱法间接测定食品中甲醛含量的方法。甲醛与斐林溶液(含铜离子和酒石酸钾钠的碱性溶液)在沸水浴中反应30min生成氧化亚铜沉淀,或与银氨溶液(含银离子的氨性溶液)在50℃水浴中反应15min生成单质银沉淀。两种沉淀分别用6mol·L-1盐酸溶液和6mol·L-1硝酸溶液溶解,并用原子吸收光谱法测定反应中定量释出的铜量或银量,间接换算成甲醛含量。铜和银的质量浓度分别在7.000,6.000mg·L-1以内与吸光度呈线性关系。在试样溶液中加入1.000mg·L-1铜、银标准溶液并按所述方法进行分析,所得回收率在99.6%～101%之间(Cu)和81.9%～84.2%之间(Ag)。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.