基于MOOC的仪器分析课程混合教学模式探索与研究*

目前“互联网+”与传统教育的深度融合,给传统教育带来很大影响。针对仪器分析课程传统教学模式存在的不足,并结合学校建设“双一流”学科的计划,基于MOOC(massive open online course)和雨课堂,探索了仪器分析课程的翻转课堂混合式教学模式。首先分析目前仪器分析教学存在的问题,然后介绍如何建立仪器分析的MOOC,如何通过翻转课堂把MOOC和面授教学相结合,实现以学生学习为主体,提高学习成效,把学生培养成应用型和创新型人才。     

基于思维模型建构的“物质检验”初中复习教学研究

以让学生自主建构物质检验的思维模型为目标设计教学,通过完成物质检验的探究任务,学生自主建构思维模型,形成完整的思路,从而提高解决此类问题的能力。并在北京某中学初三年级进行教学实践,对教学实施效果进行了检验,根据教学实践总结出建构“物质检验”思维模型教学的有效教学策略：基于建模历程与生活情境选择素材;以学生为中心自主建构“物质检验”思维模型,引导学生经历多样化的思维发展过程;学生经历不同层级进阶的模型建构历程。     

基于问题式学习的数据驱动混合式教学模式构建与实证研究——有机化学

基于“以学生为中心”的教育理念，针对基于问题式学习(PBL)的有机化学教学中存在的问题，进行了基于PBL的数据驱动混合式教学改革，并以有机化学课程为例进行了实证研究。线下教学内容注重根据学生线上自主学习的时长和测验统计等学习数据找到学生最近发展区，弹性决策课堂教学内容和活动，重点解决线上学习中的难点问题，并聚焦学生课堂的深度学习与个性化教学，实现了线上和线下学习活动的有机融合。问卷调查和学习行为分析结果表明，基于PBL的数据驱动混合式教学做到以学生为中心，个性化教学，持续改进教学效果，是提升学生学习质量的一种有效的教学模式。     

基于学科理解的“醛的结构与性质探究”教学设计与实施

学科理解是教师教学的坚实基础,教学设计环节首先进行学科理解研究,通过阐释“如何基于极性多重键认识羰基化合物的结构与性质？”本原性问题,对主题学科大概念“有机物构性关系”进行本原性、结构化地理解。从教学目标、教学思路、教学实施过程阐述“醛的结构与性质探究”一课的教学。课后阶段进行学生访谈及分析、专家评价和教师反思总结。系统地呈现基于学科理解的素养为本的课堂教学研究。     

在教学过程中渗透化学思想方法——以“如何正确书写化学方程式”教学为例

以九年级化学上册“如何正确书写化学方程式”教学为例,分析了化学方程式的教学价值与学生学习的困难,阐述了基于任务和问题促进学生建构化学思想方法的整体思路,并就其中关键环节的设计进行了较为详细的说明。突出以任务和问题为驱动,实现新知识的自然增长;以化学实验和拼插分子模型活动为手段,渗透“物质变化是有条件的”、“定性与定量相结合”、“宏观与微观相结合”以及“分与合”等化学思想方法;以展示学生作品说明化学方程式书写步骤;以对物质化学性质的解释凸显化学方程式的学习价值。     

基于“历史复演法”的化学教学设计研究——以“质量守恒定律”为例

化学发展的历史能够作为重要的教学设计资源。将历史上的化学家开展科学研究和解决科学问题的过程，设计为可供课堂教学应用的学生问题，需要经过历史事件考察、学生水平分析、问题转化等步骤。以质量守恒定律为例，探讨了基于“历史复演法”的化学教学设计框架与实施。     

“基于尺度再探原子结构”的教学设计与实施*

教学设计阶段首先进行原子结构学科理解研究,通过阐释如何基于原子核认识原子的构成,如何基于核外电子运动认识原子的结构这2个本原性问题,对主题大概念原子结构模型进行本原性、结构化地理解。继而从教学目标和教学思路设计、教学实施过程、学生收获、教师反思及专家评价等方面,系统地呈现了基于学科理解的“素养为本”“基于尺度再探原子结构”课堂教学的研究过程。     

融合化学史和生活的二氧化碳教学设计

以二氧化碳的发现史为主线,基于化学史、生活与教学融合的思想进行教学设计：从化学史提出问题,引导学生进行实验探究,在探究中建构知识,并将知识应用于生活实际,从而完成教学目标,达到提升学生科学素养的目的。     

以化学观念为统领设计教学活动——对“弱电解质的电离”教学课例的再研究

基于对"弱电解质的电离"教学课例的再研究,从教学活动设计的角度阐述了以化学观念为统领设计教学整体框架,以实验为支撑体现概念的建构过程,通过系列问题引导学生在问题分析解决过程中形成相应的认识思路与方法等内容,对如何实施化学观念教学进行了探讨。     

“互联网+”时代下雨课堂在现代仪器分析课程教学中的实践与探索*

从课前预习、课上教学与管理和课后分析与总结等方面探讨了雨课堂在现代仪器分析课程教学中的实践探索。教学实践表明,采用基于“互联网+”的雨课堂混合式教学模式,学生的学习能力提高,教师的教学水平提高,课程评价模式提升。学生问卷调查结果表明,95%以上的学生认可雨课堂教学。同时,分析了目前雨课堂在实施过程中遇到的问题,并提出改进意见。旨在为高校进一步推进基于“互联网+”的雨课堂混合式教学模式提供参考。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.